Human Nutrition and Wellness Exam Ch 1-4

True

Deaths from COVID-19 make the virus one of top three leading causes of death in the United states

True

Doctor Jessica were sentence writing above pellagra was not welcomed by members of the medical community true/False

jejunum

The _______ is the middle segment of the small intestine.

energy dense

The caloric value of a food in relation to its total weight defines how energy-dense a food i

maltase

The enzyme ________ breaks the disaccharide maltose into its two molecules of glucose.

Crohn's disease

Which of the following conditions is characterized by inflammation and swelling of the intestinal tract?

The best way for people to obtain all the essential nutrients is to consume dietary supplements

Which of the following is NOT a key nutrition concept?

A. Avocado

Which of the following sources of oils would be recommended as part of a healthy diet? A. Avocado B. Shortening C. Butter D. Lard

B. animal foods

Hispanic, Mediterranean, and Asian Diets, traditionally include small amounts of _______. A. fruits B. animal foods C. unrefined grains D. vegetables

Protein foods

In the United States, consumers eat more ________ than recommended

fruit

Most Americans purchase less than recommended amounts of fruit

protein

Food guides usually classify sunflower and other seeds in the ________ group.

IBS: cause unknown, symptoms are mid, can occur due to stress IBD: autoimmune, med/high severity, may increase risk of colon cancer

For each of the descriptions shown below, indicate if that characteristic describes inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or irritable bowel syndrome (IBS

A. cannot determine cause-and-effect relationships

Generally, epidemiological studies ________. A. cannot determine cause-and-effect relationships B. involve in vitro experimentation C. prove positive correlations D. establish causation without experimentation

Biological: hunger, age, taste Cognitive: religion, emotional stress, positive/negative association environmental: availability, cost, layout of campus dining

Many factors determine what people consider as food and when they choose to eat. Sort each of the following factors into its correct category

Carotenoids: orange, red, yellow fruit Alkaloids: simulate effect capsaicinoids: pain reliving properties organosulfides: compound onions phenolics: antioxidant activity

Match the phytochemical description and food source with its phytochemical category

Anecdote = Report of personal experience Conventional wisdom = Tradition Data = Information Experiment = Systematic testing of hypothesis

Match the term with its definition

22 g carbohydrate x 4 kcal/g = 88 kcal 9 g protein x 4 kcal/g = 36 kcal 8 g fat x 9 kcal/g = 72 kcal Total = 196 kcal

One slice of pepperoni pizza contains: 22 grams of carbohydrate 9 grams of protein 8 grams of fat Therefore, one small slice of pepperoni pizza supplies _______ kcals

44 g carbohydrate x 4 kcal/g = 176 kcal 14 g protein x 4 kcal/g = 56 kcal 18 g fat x 9 kcal/g = 162 kcal Total = 394 kcal

One small bagel plus 2 tablespoons of peanut butter contains: 44 grams of carbohydrate 14 grams of protein 18 grams of fat Therefore, one small bagel plus 2 tablesooons of peanut butter supplies _______ kcals

antibiotics and growth hormones synthetic fertilizers and pesticides genetically modified organisms

Organic refers to certain agricultural methods that can promote sustainability. If you are eating a certified 100% organic food, you can be confident that it is free from ________.

prospective

Over a 2-year period, a team of scientists records the eating behaviors and physical activity patterns of a group of healthy 8-year-old children to determine whether these factors are associated with weight gain. This study is an example of a(n) ________ study

A. prospective

Over a 2-year period, a team of scientists records the eating behaviors and physical activity patterns of a group of healthy 8-year-old children to determine whether these factors are associated with weight gain. This study is an example of a(n) ________ study. A. prospective B. case-control C. retrospective D. in vitro

D. 4-ounce chocolate doughnut

Per serving, which of the following foods is the most energy-dense? A. 8 ounces fat-free milk B. ½ cup fresh strawberries C. 3 ounces baked chicken D. 4-ounce chocolate doughnut

C. the placebo effect

Phil is a participant in a study designed to examine the effects of taking a dietary supplement on muscle tissue development. Phil suspects he is in the experimental group, because he is certain his muscles are bigger and stronger as a result of taking the product supplied by the researchers. When the study is completed, Phil learns that he did not receive the dietary supplement. Phil thinks the researchers made a mistake—he is certain his muscle mass increased while he took the supplement. According to this information, Phil's belief that his physical condition improved while he participated in the study is an example of ________. A. participant fatigue B. an anecdotal report C. the placebo effect D. human subject bias

Clinical: outpatient hospital Food service systems mgt: RDN who works for a school district community: health clinic for low income adults research: University - based research group

Registered dietitian nutritionists can work in a variety of settings. Match the workplace setting with the type of dietitian who is associated with that kind of work.

B. drinking too much water

Risk factors for constipation include all of the following except A. anxiety or depression. B. drinking too much water. C. changes to typical daily routine. D. low fiber intake.

Earn (at a minimum) a bachelor's degree in nutrition or dieteticsEarn (at a minimum) a bachelor's degree in nutrition or dietetics, Complete extensive supervised practice hours, Complete extensive supervised practice hours, Pass a national registration exam

Select the steps that are required to become a registered dietitian nutritionist

peristalsis.

Small amounts of food move from the back of the mouth and through the esophagus by involuntary muscular movements called

below: dairy, fruits, vegetables Above: candy, fats/oils, sugar beverages

Sort the following foods and beverages by whether Americans "consume below the recommendations" or Americans "consume above the recommendations.

learn about the nutritional value of foods and effects diet can have on health

Studying nutrition is important to _______.

True

The Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee prepares a Scientific Report that typically contains recommendations for the development of the final Dietary Guidelines for Americans.

Nutrition policies Nutrition education materials Healthier products Menus

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans are used by government agencies and nutrition and food organizations to develop which of the following? Select all that apply.

10

The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) issues the Healthy People report every ______ years. A. 10 B. 15 C. 7 D. 3

10 years

The US Department of Health and Human Services is used the healthy people report every

large intestine

The ________ helps form feces by absorbing excess water and some minerals from chyme.

A. ileum

The ________ is the third segment of the small intestine. A. duodenum B. colon C. jejunum D. ileum

The caloric value of a food in relation to its total weight defines how __________ a food is.

The caloric value of a food in relation to its total weight defines how __________ a food is.

amino acids vitamins or minerals herbs and other botanicals

The dietary supplement and Education Act and is a legislation that defines and classifieds nutrient supplements in certain products as foods check all the nutrients that are continued considered dietary supplements

mouth, stomach, small Intestine, colon, rectum

The digestive system relies on many organs and organ components to cooperate in a regulated fashion to allow the digestion and absorption of nutrients from food, and the elimination of wastes. Arrange the digestive system components in the order that they function for digestion, absorption, and elimination.

niacin

The vitamin effective in treating pellagra is

Promises : "college reunion diet promises..." attacks science: "doctors don't want you to know..." testimonials: " a hall of famer star claims..." claims that sound too good : " the super berry diet will cure..." promotes benefits while over looking risks: '" all natural pill..."

There are a number of criteria for identifying an unreliable diet, including diets marketed for weight-loss. Analyze each diet or weight-loss claim and determine which "red flag" criterion the claim meets.

epiglottis

To prevent food from entering the larynx and trachea, there is a flap of tough tissue, called the _______, that covers the opening of the larynx when a bolus is being swallowed.

A. learning stress management strategies.

Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome often includes making dietary changes and A. learning stress management strategies. B. having the lower third of the colon removed. C. lying down after meals. D. reducing physical activity.

True

Use of certain medications may increase an individual's nutrient needs

Half of a fist - 1/2 cup pasta The cupped palm of your hand - one ounce cheese The surface area of the palm of your hand - 3 oz meat A fist is the same size as - large apple

Using familiar objects or the parts of your hand is a helpful way to determine appropriate portion sizes for various types of food. Match the food with its corresponding reference measurement for recommended portion size.

a nutrient that may be made in the body but in amounts that are inadequate, a nutrient that becomes essential due to metallic disorder serious disease, a nutrient that is normally not essential but becomes essential under certain conditions

Which is the following describe a conditionally essential nutrient

Carbohydrates Meat and meat substitutes Fats

Which of the following are categories of the Choose Your Foods tool?

Prevention of obesity Reduced risk of peptic ulcers Reduced risk of infectious diarrhea Prevention of urinary tract infections

Which of the following are potential benefits of a healthy, balanced intestinal microflora? Check all that apply.

respects bio diversity, nutritionally adequate, protects the ecosystem

Which of the following are true regarding sustainable diets? Check all that apply

A. Ulcerative colitis

Which of the following conditions is characterized by inflammation and swelling of the intestinal tract? A. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) B. Peptic ulcer C. Cystic fibrosis D. Ulcerative colitis

A. Ethnicity

Which of the following does NOT affect nutrient needs? A. Ethnicity B. Age C. Sex D. Health status

blueberries

Which of the following foods is naturally a rich source of phytochemical's blueberries

Whole grains

Which of the following foods typically acts as a prebiotic?

emotional stress

Which of the following is NOT a biological or physiological factor that influences a person's food choices? A. Perception of food's sensory characteristics B. Hunger C. Emotional stress level D. Age

Nutrition information posted next to fresh fruits and vegetables

Which of the following is NOT a common marketing tactic to encourage consumers to purchase manufactured foods?

D

Which of the following is NOT a common marketing tactic to encourage consumers to purchase manufactured foods? A. Attractive packaging B. Product placement at the end of supermarket aisles C. In-store product sampling demonstrations D. Nutrition information posted next to fresh fruits and vegetables

Obtain a culinary certificate of training

Which of the following is NOT a requirement to become a registered dietitian nutritionist (RDN)?

Water is necessary for immune function

Which of the following is NOT true about water?

most foods or mixtures of nutrients next line in a central nutrient must be supplied by the diet

Which of the following is a true statement

women who smoke five or more cigarettes each day during pregnancy are more likely to give birth to underweight babies than women who smoke fewer than five cigarettes a day during pregnancy

Which of the following is an example of an inverse correlation

emotional stress level

Which of the following is not a biological or physiological factor that influences a person's food choice

neg food related experiences

Which of the following is not typically an environmental factor in what people eat negative food related experiences

Smoking Cigs

Which of the following lifestyle choices is the primary cause of most preventable cancer deaths in the United States?

When women gain less weight than average during pregnancy, the birthweights of their babies tend to be lower than average

Which of the following observations is an example of a positive correlation?

Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics

Which of the following sources of information features peer-reviewed articles?

"While many factors affect heart disease, diets low in saturated fat may reduce the risk of this disease."

Which of the following statements is a health claim that the FDA allows on a food package?

D. While many factors affect heart disease, diets low in saturated fat may reduce the risk of this disease.

Which of the following statements is a health claim that the FDA allows on a food package? A. Drinking whole milk adds calcium and vitamin D to your diet. These nutrients are essential for strengthening bones. B. Vitamin C reduces the risk of the common cold by 50%. C. Foods that contain dietary fiber, vitamin A, or vitamin C may reduce the risk of cancer. Although a serving of our creamed broccoli has 7 grams of fat, it is an excellent source of fiber and vitamins A and C. D. While many factors affect heart disease, diets low in saturated fat may reduce the risk of this disease.

A. The Internet is generally a reliable source of nutrition information, because information posted at websites has been peer-reviewed.

Which of the following statements is false? A. When evaluating claims for dietary supplements that appear on a website, be wary of products that include promises for quick remedies. B. Websites with .edu in their addresses often provide reliable nutrition information. C. In general, personal websites, such as blogs, are not reliable sources of nutrition information. D. The Internet is generally a reliable source of nutrition information, because information posted at websites has been peer-reviewed.

The adult AMDR for carbohydrates is 45 to 65% of total energy intake.

Which of the following statements is true Nutrient requirements are the same, regardless of a person's age or sex. Recommended Dietary Allowances meet the nutrient needs of 50% of healthy people. A group of scientists at the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics developed the DRIs. The adult AMDR for carbohydrates is 45 to 65% of total energy intake.

C. Scientific studies to investigate the same question can have different findings.

Which of the following statements is true? A. Control groups are not as important to nutrition-based research studies as they are to other types of research. B. When interpreting results of their studies, researchers generally seek to include some bias into their analyses. C. Scientific studies to investigate the same question can have different findings. D. A single-blind experiment is one in which neither the investigator nor the subjects know which treatment group each participant is a part of in the study.

A. A scientist's professional affiliations and sources of financial support may influence his or her research findings.

Which of the following statements is true? A. A scientist's professional affiliations and sources of financial support may influence his or her research findings. B. Dietary recommendations are generally based on the findings of one well-respected team of nutrition researchers. C. Since 1995, nutrition information has undergone few updates, because scientists have discovered all of the nutrients and determined their functions. D. The results of one study are usually enough to convince the majority of nutrition scientists to adopt new ideas about nutrition-related topics.

C. Heartburn often results when the lower esophageal sphincter fails to close properly. Correct

Which of the following statements is true? A. A thin layer of chyme protects the lining of the digestive tract from being broken down by enzymes. B. Cystic fibrosis is an infectious disease that causes the muscles that control swallowing to malfunction. C. Heartburn often results when the lower esophageal sphincter fails to close properly. Correct D. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) begins the partial digestion of fats in the small intestine.

A. The Choose Your Foods Tool can be used to estimate the carbohydrate content of foods.

Which of the following statements is true? A. The Choose Your Foods Tool can be used to estimate the carbohydrate content of foods. B. People can calculate their vitamin and mineral intakes by using the Choose Your Foods Tool. C. "Carbohydrate counting" is a component of the Choose Your Foods Tool. D. The Choose Your Foods Tool and MyPlate use the same food groups.

A. The adult AMDR for carbohydrates is 45 to 65% of total energy intake.

Which of the following statements is true? A. The adult AMDR for carbohydrates is 45 to 65% of total energy intake. B. A group of scientists at the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics developed the DRIs. C. Recommended Dietary Allowances meet the nutrient needs of 50% of healthy people. D. Nutrient requirements are the same, regardless of a person's age or sex.

B. The pyloric sphincter controls the rate at which chyme enters the small intestine.

Which of the following statements is true? A. Those who are lean have a greater higher risk of gallstones than those who are obese. B. The pyloric sphincter controls the rate at which chyme enters the small intestine. C. The esophagus is the muscular valve that connects the stomach to the small intestine. D. The colon is the major site of nutrient absorption in the human digestive system.

The traditional Mediterranean diet supplies more olive oil and fish than the traditional American diet.

Which of the following statements is true? The traditional Mediterranean diet supplies more olive oil and fish than the traditional American diet.Correct According to Mormon dietary laws, pork and pork by-products are forbidden as food. Jewish dietary laws forbid the use of alcohol. The traditional Asian diet contains high amounts of milk and milk products.

Conventional farming systems have limited restrictions on the use of fertilizers.

Which of the following statements is true?Conventional farming systems have limited restrictions on the use of fertilizers.Correct Food irradiation, as a food preservation method, may be used in organic farming systems. Government-approved GMOs are not permitted in conventional farming systems. Only organic farming systems place restrictions on the use of raw manure on fields used for food crops.

Protien

Which of the following substance substances is a macronutrient protein

Protein

Which of the following substances is a macronutrient?

Vitamin D

Which of the following substances is a nutrient that does NOT supply any energy for the human body? A. Carbohydrate B. Protein C. Fat D. Vitamin D

Circular muscles Longitudinal muscles

Which of the following types of muscle exist in the walls of the stomach? Check all that apply.

A. dietsnomore4u.com

Which of the following websites is most likely a source of biased and unreliable nutrition information? A. eatright.org B. dietsnomore4u.com C. stanford.edu D. choosemyplate.gov

A direct correlation occurs when two variables increase or decrease in the same direction. In this example, as intake of sugar-sweetened beverages increases, the percentage of overweight people in the population also increases.

Which of these two graphs shows a direct correlation between two variables?

a bolus.

Yolanda is eating a peanut butter and jelly sandwich for lunch. She has taken a bite of the sandwich and begun chewing the sticky sandwich. Once the bite of sandwich has been chewed, moistened, and mixed with saliva, it is called

anecdote

Zach takes 500 milligrams of vitamin C daily he advises his friends to take vitamin C supplements because he claims the vitamin protects him from cold viruses his claim about the usefulness of item and as a

childhood experiences

which of the following factors has a major influence over a person's food choices

vitamins ,lipids, proteins, minerals ,water

regulation of body process is a major function of which class of nutrients? Select all that apply

empty calories

A food that contributes significantly to total energy intake (i.e., high in solid fats, added sugars, and/or alcohol) while supplying relatively few micronutrients is considered a source of

empty calories.

A food that contributes significantly to total energy intake (i.e., high in solid fats, added sugars, and/or alcohol) while supplying relatively few micronutrients is considered a source of:

make observations.

A group of registered dietitian nutritionists is planning to conduct a scientific study to investigate the effects of eating honey on behavior in school-aged children. To start, the researchers will

Placebo - "I'm a subject in this study, but I think the experimental pill that the researchers gave to me to take each day doesn't contain anything that reduces my risk of lung cancer." Hypothesis - "Scientists think that taking vitamin D supplements regularly is an effective way to reduce the risk of lung cancer." Treatment - In an earlier study involving laboratory rats, adding a daily vitamin D supplement to the animals' diet for 12 months reduced the risk of cancer in the rodents. double blind side - 'm a subject in this study. I can't tell if I'm in the control group or the treatment group, and the researchers also don't know which group I'm in. prospective cohort study - "I'm in a group of healthy people who are being studied. Some of us take vitamin D pills regularly and some of us don't take the supplement. As participants in the study, which will last 8 years, we have regular checkups to determine if we are still healthy."

A group of scientists design a study to determine whether people who take vitamin D supplements regularly are less likely to develop lung cancer than people who do not take vitamin D pills. Match each description with the term that best describes it.

retrospective

A group of scientists suspect that certain dietary practices are partially responsible for different rates of hypertension among adults of different ethnic as an example of a retrospective study

A. retrospective

A group of scientists suspects that certain dietary practices are partially responsible for different rates of hypertension among adults of different ethnic/racial groups. To test their hypothesis, the researchers examine data concerning the different population groups' hypertension rates and their past dietary practices. This research is a ________ study. A. retrospective B. hypothetical C. prospective D. case-control

epidemiological

A group of scientists would like to determine lifestyle factors that are associated with the development of asthma among American children based on this information their researchers should design A blank study

epidemiological

A group of scientists would like to determine lifestyle factors that are associated with the development of asthma among American children. Based on this information, the researchers should design a(n) ________ study.

True

A nutrient requirement is the smallest amount of a nutrient that maintains a defined level of nutritional health. T or F

A. motivated

A person must be ________ to make lasting changes to their food-related behaviors. A. motivated B. concerned C. forced D. uneager

RDN

A popular podcast includes interviews with "experts" on topics related to sports nutrition. If the podcast expert has the credentials ______, after his or her name, the expert is likely to be a reliable source of nutrition information

calories - lowercase c

A small apple supplies approximately 40,000 ________. A. calories - lowercase c B. kilocalories C. Calories D. kilocalories

D. In order for a dietary supplement to be on the market, all research studies on the supplement must show a beneficial effect on health.

A. Dietary supplements include fish oil, green tea, probiotics, and flaxseed oil. B. The Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 allows manufacturers to classify dietary supplements as foods. C. A megadose is an amount of a vitamin or mineral that greatly exceeds the recommended amount of the nutrient. D. In order for a dietary supplement to be on the market, all research studies on the supplement must show a beneficial effect on health.

water and minerals

Absorption of _______ occurs in the large intestine.

B. water and minerals

Absorption of _______ occurs in the large intestine. A. vitamins and fats B. water and minerals C. water and carbohydrates D. minerals and protein

from all five food groups and oils but limits saturated fats, added sugars and sodium

According to the 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, a healthy eating pattern includes foods ________.

10

According to the 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, added sugar intake should be limited to less than ________% of total daily calories. A. 25 B. 5 C. 10 D. 30

2300

According to the 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, most healthy adults should limit their daily sodium intake to less than ________ mg/day. A. 1000 B. 300 C. 2300 D. 4300

at/ above: total grains, proteins below: vegetables, fruit, dairy

According to the USDA, on average, Americans consume some foods "more than is recommended" and some foods "less than is recommended." Do more Americans have an intake above or below the recommendation for each of the following food groups? Drag each food group where it belongs.

testimonial

Actress Lotta Talent appears in commercials endorsing the herbal supplement Hoodia for weight loss. Lotta Talent describes her own weight-loss successes with the supplement. Her endorsement is an example of a(n) ________.

False

After moving through the ileocecal sphincter, unabsorbed water and undigested remains of chyme enter the jejunum. T or F

quinoa.

All of the following are examples of fermented foods except

A. quinoa

All of the following are examples of fermented foods except A. sourdough bread B. cheese C. quinoa D. kimchi

water

Although the body requires large amounts of _______, this nutrient does not provide energy and therefore is not considered a macronutrient

disclaimer

An online advertisement for weight loss product includes before and after photos of a woman who supposedly lost 50 pounds in three weeks while taking the product the bottom line of the ad includes the results are not typical this statement is an example of disclaimer

pseudoscience

An online magazine article about weight loss diets information about the process of digestion that uses scientific sounding terms to make it seem factual the facility information is an example of

A. pseudoscience.

An online magazine article about weight-loss diets includes false information about the process of digestion that uses scientific-sounding terms to make it seem factual. The faulty information is an example of A. bias. B. mislabeling. C. hypothesizing. D. pseudoscience.

False

An organic farming operation would not use natural pest management strategies.

nutrient dense

Certain foods are more nutritious than others, and a food that contains more vitamins and minerals in relation to fat, sugar, and alcohol content is called a(n) ______ food

nutrient-dense

Certain foods are more nutritious than others, and a food that contains more vitamins and minerals in relation to fat, sugar, and alcohol content is called a(n) __________ food.

The process of preparing foods for swallowing and chemical digestion is called mastication, otherwise known as chewing. Chewing food increases the surface area upon which enzymes can work to digest food into absorbable nutrients. Glands in the mouth secrete saliva, which contains enzymes and mucus. The contribution of salivary amylase and lingual lipase to overall digestion of food into absorbable components is small. The tongue moves a mass of food to the back of the mouth, where it enters the pharynx, which connects the nasal cavity to the top of the esophagus.

Choose the correct terms to complete each of the following sentences about digestive processes that occur in the mouth.

The esophagus is a long tube in the GI tract that connects the throat with the stomach. The pharynx is the region that is located at the back of the mouth. The epiglottis is the flap of tissue that prevents food from entering the trachea. A moistened mass of food swallowed from the oral cavity into the pharynx is called a(n) bolus. Muscular contractions occurring throughout the GI tract that move food along are collectively called peristalsis.

Complete each statement about digestion with the appropriate term

Bile is produced by the liver. It travels through ducts and it stored in the gallbladder. When this organ receives a hormonal signal from the cells of the GI tract, bile is released into the small intestine. Bile is made of several components, including minerals and bile salts. It also contains a type of lipid known as cholesterol and the blood pigment known as bilirubin. The primary nutrient that bile is responsible for digesting and absorbing is fat.

Complete the following statements about the role of bile in digestion.

anecdote

Derek takes protein supplements before and after his workouts. He told his workout partner that he became 200% stronger within a couple of months after he added the supplements to his diet. His report about the effects of the supplements is an example of a(n) ________.

macro nutrients include nutrients required in grams per day, carbohydrate, fat, energy yielding nutrient micronutrients include nutrients required and milligrams per day, vitamins, minerals, non energy yielding nutrient

Determine whether each label on this left is associated with macro nutrients or micronutrients

infants, birth through 24 months

Dietary recommendations for _______ were not addressed in the guidelines prior to the 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans.

Scare Tactics

During an online interview, Dr. Ima Quack provides the following statement, "Most Americans suffer from nutritional-deficiency diseases and will develop cancer within the next 10 years because they are not taking my megavitamin formula therapy." Dr. Quack's statement is an example of a(n) ________.

retrospective

Enter a group of nutrition researchers in interview 100 adults have heart disease to determine whether there is an association between consuming low in fiber during adolescence and developing heart disease in adulthood the study is an example of a blank study

A drug company that makes dietary supplements funds a study that indicated the health benefits of taking megadoses of vitamin C on a daily basis. An organization representing dairy farmers provides a monetary grant to a researcher who will study whether drinking three cups of milk per day promotes weight loss. An organization representing dairy farmers provides a monetary grant to a researcher who will study whether drinking three cups of milk per day promotes weight loss. A university research team with no ties to the poultry industry is studying whether individuals who eat chicken that has been injected with salt have higher blood pressure levels than people who eat chicken that has not been injected with salt. A soft drink producers' trade group funds a study to determine whether the removal of soft drink machines from schools negatively affects the number of extracurricular activities that are offered by administrators in those schools.

Avoiding research bias in studies is important to the development of objective, reliable information that can be used by the public. Check all of the situations that are likely to indicate research bias

growing > processing> washed> transported> access> purchase> consumption>eat> waste> compost> production>

Based on the Sustainable Food System depicted in the chapter, consider the lifecycle of an apple. Place each of the events listed in the corresponding step in the food system.

Reliable source: nutrition blog from registered RDN, scientific review Not reliable: a pop up ad, a website with subscription

Based on the information that is provided in the description, determine whether the website is a source of reliable nutrition information.

Consume more calories than needed, excess emotional stress, lack of access to health care, sedentary lifestyle

Behaviors that may increase chances of developing serious diseases:

Consume fat-free or low-fat dairy products, consume fruits and vegetables, consume whole-grain cereals, regular exercise

Behaviors that may reduce chances of developing serious diseases:

1. make observations 2. formulate hypothesis 3. review literature 4.design 5. analyze 6. share results 7. conduct more research

The general steps scientists take when conducting research are referred to as the "Scientific Method." Using the diagram in this question, drag each step to the correct location in the Scientific Method.

Further studies of component X should be conducted, including a larger sample size and possibly humans, as the preliminary findings were positive in the substance being protective against infection. Component X had a protective effect, reducing risk for infection.

The graph below shows the results of a 12-week study evaluating the effects of a substance found in breast milk, known as component X, on infection rates. This study was conducted in young mice and included a control (did not receive component X) and treatment group (received component X). Based on the study results presented in the graph, which of the following statements is/are true? Check all that apply.

Smoking Infection with Helicobacter pylori Regular use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) Condition that causes excess production of stomach acid

The image above shows the presence of a gastric (peptic) ulcer. Which of the following are factors that increase a person's risk for peptic ulcers? Check all that apply.

Group A: patient receives multivitamin, attends traditional psychotherapy sessions Group B: student receives no caffeine, Athlete take sugar pill

The left hand column has descriptions of four different nutrition-related hypotheses. To the right of each hypothesis, there is a pair of descriptions for subjects in the study. Select the control group from each pair.

includes "Added Sugars" displays the calories per serving in very bold print shows the % Daily Values on the right side of the panel

The new Nutrition Facts panel (as of August 2017) is different from earlier versions of the panel. The current version _______.

D. Joseph Goldberger.

The physician who studied pellagra in 1914 was A. Robert Cook. B. John Smith. C. Arthur Lister. D. Joseph Goldberger.

True

The process of adding vitamins A and D to milk is called fortification. T or F

mouth

The process of digesting food begins in the

Luisa... Notes, guesses, does, reviews, then tells.

The scientific method can be applied to many areas, even in your personal life. Organize the components of Luisa's self-experiment as they pertain to the order of the scientific method.

anecdote

dark takes protein supplements before and after his workouts he taught his workout partner that he becomes 200% stronger with a couple months after he added the supplements to his diet his report about the effects of the supplements is an example of