Human Physiology Chapter 1-2
Nucleic Acid
A polymer of nucleatides. The two types are DNA and RNA.
Radioisotope
An isotope that has an unstable nucleus and undergoes radioactive decay used in medicine.
Homeostasis
Bodies ability to maintain internal stability by returning changed condition to normal.
Bio molecules
Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleatides
Levels of Organization
Chemical level, the cell, tissue, Organ, System, Organism
RNA
Contain Base A-U C-G usually a single chain
DNA
Contains -base A, G =A-T =C-G Double Helix
Endocrine System
Coordinates functions through system
Nervous System
Coordination of body function through electrical system release regulatory molecules.
Lipids
Diverse - may be solid or gas at room temperature. Lipid related molecules phospholipids, steroids, forms cell components. Saturated lipids - double Compounds Unsaturated Fatty Acids
Lipoprotien
Found mostly in cell membrane carry hydrophobic molecules like cholesterol into the blood making it soluble in water
Complementary Base Pairing
Hydrogen bonding between particular pyrimidines and purines. Adenine & Thymine. Cytosine & Guanine.
Cholesterol
Lipid - steroid
Electrons
Negative charge found in energy level or shells
Purines
One of two families of nitrogenous bases found in nucleotides. Adenine (A) and guanine (G) are purines.
Protein Structures
Primary- Amino Acid Secondary- May have spiral alpha-helix of beta sheet tertiary- 3D shape of single protein molecule
Reproductive System
Production of gametes - Egg and Sperm. Repreduction of species.
Integumentary System
Protects against external environment
Enzymes
Protein Catalyst Control Reaction rates of many chemical reaction in body.
Mass Flow
Role of intake production and output
Atom
Smallest whole particle of elements having the chemical properties of the element
Glycogen
Storage form of glucose
Physiology
Study of the functions of a living organism and component parts includes chemical and physical process.
Musculosketal System
Support and movement
Lipid Types
Triacylglycerols (Triglycerides) 90 % of lipids levels important Phospholipids important component of cell membrane Steroids- source in human body Cholesterol Eicosanoids
Isotope
atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons
Hydrogen Bond
bond created by the weak attraction of a slightly positive hydrogen atom to a slightly negative portion of another molecule
Ionic Bond
bond formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another
Non Polar Molecules
electrons are shared equally in bonds (glucose) does not desove in water ie: lipids
Valence Electrons
electrons on the outermost energy level of an atom
Valance Electrons
electrons that are in the highest occupied energy level of an atom
Trace Elements
elements or minerals needed in very small amounts
Essential Elements
elements that are needed for life in large amounts
ATP
important energy transferring compound in body
Chemical Bonding
joining of atoms to form new substances. Covelent, Ionic, Hydrogen, Vander Waals
Steroid
lipid molecule with four fused carbon rings.
Buffer
molecules that moderate ph charge biocarbonate HCO important in body
Nucleotide
monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
Pyrimidines
nitrogenous bases that have a single ring of carbon and nitrogen atoms, such as cytosine and thymine
Placebo
pill or drug that is to have no Pharmacological effect.
Protons
positive charge found in nuculas Equal to atomic # of elements
Alkaline
relating to or containing an alkali; having a pH greater than 7
Urinary System
removes waste products from blood and maintains water balance within body
Pathophysiology
study of how disease occurs and responses of the organism to the disease
Respiratory System
system responsible for taking in oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide using the lungs
Immune System
the body's system of defense against disease/ foreign invaders.
Atomic Number
the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
Atomic Mass
total mass of the protons and neutrons in an atom, measured in atomic mass units
Circulatory System
transport material through the body
Compound
two or more elements joined by chemical bond
Inert
unable to act or move; inactive; sluggish
polar molecules
unequal , molecules that have an unequal distribution of charges have poles dissolve in water
Glucose
used for energy stronger in tissue cells. Polysacchoride