MGT Midterm 2

The U.S. tends to expect employees to act positively and _________ negative emotions—thus the popular "service with a smile" slogan. a. Hide b. lie about c. Explain d. talk about

a. Hide

Which of the following describes someone with a 1,9 rating on Blake and Mouton's Managerial Grid? a. I support results that establish and reinforce harmony. I generate enthusiasm by focusing on positive and pleasing aspects of work. b. I initiate team action in a way that invites involvement and commitment. I explore all facts and alternative views to reach a shared understanding of the best solution. c. I distance myself from taking active responsibility for results to avoid getting entangled in problems. If forced, I take a passive or supportive position. d. I expect results and take control by clearly stating a course of action. I enforce rules that sustain high results and do not permit deviation.

a. I support results that establish and reinforce harmony. I generate enthusiasm by focusing on positive and pleasing aspects of work.

Bausch and Lomb found that a Web-based collaboration tool _________ synergy by decreasing the number of meetings, giving people more free work time to get things done. a. Increased b. Decreased c. did not impact d. none of these

a. Increased

Costco's CEO Jim Sinegal asks his employees to call him by what name? a. Jim, the CEO b. Mr. Sinegal c. Jimmy S. d. Dr. Sinegal

a. Jim, the CEO

___________ is an approach to job design that increases a job's complexity to give workers greater responsibility and opportunities to feel a sense of achievement. a. Job enrichment b. Job enlargement c. Job rotation d. Job promotion

a. Job enrichment

Because most managers are ________, they tend to prefer that other managers also be ________. a. Male b. Female c. Young d. Introverted

a. Male

___________ is a salary increase, usually permanent, given because of an individual's past performance. a. Merit pay b. Spot award c. Pay performance d. none of these

a. Merit pay

A union contract that prohibits a supervisor from giving workers incentives for higher performance is an example of a leadership ___________. a. Neutralizer b. Substitute c. Diminisher d. Exacerbator

a. Neutralizer

Valuing control of situations and other people is defined as ____________. a. Power b. manipulation c. obsession d. none of these

a. Power

Which of the following is not a type of value? a. Primary b. instrumental c. extrinsic d. terminal

a. Primary

Valuing fact-based and emotion-free decisions and actions is defined as ___________. a. Rationality b. empirical thinking c. quantitative decision making d. practicality

a. Rationality

According to Hersey and Blanchard, leader effectiveness requires successfully diagnosing where subordinates are on a continuum of _____________. a. Readiness b. emotional intelligence c. self-efficacy d. Efficiency

a. Readiness

Team contracts _________ the potential for team conflict stemming from unequal division of resources? a. Reduce b. Maximize c. do not affect d. none of these

a. Reduce

What term refers to the behaviors and tasks each team member is expected to perform because of their position? a. Roles b. Spaces c. Titles d. Careers

a. Roles

____________ create consistent patterns of behavior that occur even in the leader's absence. a. Routines b. Rules c. Guidelines d. Laws

a. Routines

Which of the following is a universally negative leader attribute? a. Ruthless b. Evasive c. Ruler d. Motivating

a. Ruthless

What term refers to forming oversimplified beliefs about an individual or a group based on the idea that everyone in that particular group will behave the same way? a. Stereotyping b. Judging c. Projecting d. Denying

a. Stereotyping

What type of technologies allow real time communication and interaction? a. Synchronous b. Asynchronous c. Semisynchronous d. Metasynchronous

a. Synchronous

What term refers to an interdependent collection of at least two individuals who share a common goal and responsibility for specific outcomes? a. Team b. Group c. Corporation d. Committee

a. Team

_____________ allows employees to work from home and link to the company's offices via computer. a. Telecommuting b. Job sharing c. Flextime d. A compressed workweek

a. Telecommuting

What instrument was developed to measure the two dimensions of leadership style: concern for task results and concern for people? a. The Leader Behavior Description Questionnaire b. The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator c. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory d. The Beck Depression Inventory

a. The Leader Behavior Description Questionnaire

Managers praise employees perceived as poor performers _____ often, which reinforces the impression that _____ is expected from them and weakens their confidence. a. less, less b. more, more c. more, less d. less, more

a. less, less

Diverse groups tend to have ________ cohesiveness and __________ conflict than homogenous ones. a. less, more b. more, less c. more, more d. less, less

a. less, more

What term refers to one or more team members who are responsible for regularly communicating with other teams' activities as needed? a. liaison roles b. team management specialists c. task specialists d. leadership roles

a. liaison roles

Which dimension of self-efficacy refers to beliefs about how difficult a task can be accomplished? a. magnitude b. strength c. generality d. specificity

a. magnitude

Which of the following reduces process loss? a. making clear role and task assignments b. tolerating free riders c. both of these d. neither of these

a. making clear role and task assignments

Compared to lower-level employees, executives tend to assume _______ personal responsibility for failure. a. more b. less c. equal d. No

a. more

One survey found that 91% of employed adults agreed that workers are _____ likely to behave ethically when they have a good work/life balance. a. more b. less c. no more or less d. none of these

a. more

Research suggests that males tend to punish subordinates __________ than women. a. more harshly b. less harshly c. more often d. less often

a. more harshly

Organizations taking personal responsibility for negative events appear _______ in control, leading to more ________ investor impressions. a. more, positive b. more, negative c. less, positive d. less, negative

a. more, positive

According to Herzberg, _________ are factors intrinsic to the job that can drive an employee to pursue excellence and whose presence increases satisfaction. a. motivators b. rewards c. perks d. fulfillments

a. motivators

According to David McClelland, wanting to establish and maintain friendly and warm relations with others is called a ______________. a. need for affiliation b. need for achievement c. need for power d. need for companionship

a. need for affiliation

What term refers to asking employees to aim for targets slightly higher than their current ability or performance levels? a. stretch goals b. personal goal orientation c. overachievement goals d. none of these

a. stretch goals

Leadership substitutes theory proposes that the importance of formal leaders is reduced by aspects of the situation called _______________. a. substitutes and neutralizers b. substitutes and exacerbators c. substitutes and diminishers d. exacerbators and diminishers

a. substitutes and neutralizers

People tend to ________ evidence that confirms their stereotypes and to ________ or explain away any disconfirming evidence. a. welcome, ignore b. ignore, welcome c. both of these d. neither of these

a. welcome, ignore

What range of numbers is represented on Blake and Mouton's Managerial Grid? a. 1-10 b. 0-9 c. 0-10 d. 1-9

b. 0-9

What is the ideal number of team members? a. 2 b. 7 c. 13 d. 20

b. 7

____________ is a general tendency of an individual to experience a particular mood or to react to things in a particular way or with certain emotions a. Psychopathology b. Affectivity c. Intelligence d. Creativity

b. Affectivity

What type of technologies delay the communication of messages? a. Synchronous b. Asynchronous c. Semisynchronous d. Metasynchronous

b. Asynchronous

People frequently compare women to an ideal leadership style that favors __________ men. a. Democratic b. Autocratic c. Aristocratic d. Participative

b. Autocratic

What psychologist's work laid the foundation for the study of behavior modification? a. Sigmund Freud b. B. F. Skinner c. Albert Ellis d. Aaron Beck

b. B. F. Skinner

Who developed the two-dimensional managerial grid? a. Maxwell and Mae b. Blake and Mouton c. Whitacre and Lutz d. Moore and Mill

b. Blake and Mouton

Our tendency to put things into groups is called ________. a. Ranking b. Categorization c. Effectiveness d. none of these

b. Categorization

Who developed the Existence-Relatedness-Growth (ERG) Theory? a. Abraham Maslow b. Clay Alderfer c. Douglas McGregor d. Frederick Herzberg

b. Clay Alderfer

___________ refers to whether or not the person has regularly behaved a certain way or experienced a certain outcome in the past. a. Distinctiveness b. Consistency c. Consensus d. Congruence

b. Consistency

What type of conflict focuses on personalities and conflicts between individual group members? a. Constructive b. Dysfunctional c. Functional d. Structural

b. Dysfunctional

Who developed the theory of goal setting as a means of understanding motivation? a. Edwin McCain b. Edwin Locke c. John Locke d. John McCain

b. Edwin Locke

When we use categorization, we ______ the similarities within and the differences between the groups. a. Minimize b. Exaggerate c. Ignore d. all of these

b. Exaggerate

Who determines whether someone will be a leader? a. the leader b. Followers c. the manager d. Teachers

b. Followers

___________ is when a firm shares the value of productivity gains with the workforce. a. Stocksharing b. Gainsharing c. Costsharing d. Profitsharing

b. Gainsharing

As tasks become more complex, they require _________ coordination among team members. a. Less b. Greater c. more simple d. none of these

b. Greater

Which of the following describes someone with a 9,9 rating on Blake and Mouton's Managerial Grid? a. I support results that establish and reinforce harmony. I generate enthusiasm by focusing on positive and pleasing aspects of work. b. I initiate team action in a way that invited involvement and commitment. I explore all facts and alternative views to reach a shared understanding of the best solution. c. I distance myself from taking active responsibility for results to avoid getting entangled in problems. If forced, I take a passive or supportive position. d. I expect results and take control by clearly stating a course of action. I enforce rules that sustain high results and do not permit deviation.

b. I initiate team action in a way that invited involvement and commitment. I explore all facts and alternative views to reach a shared understanding of the best solution.

______________ is adding more tasks at the same level of responsibility and skill related to an employee's current position. a. Job enrichment b. Job enlargement c. Job rotation d. Job promotion

b. Job enlargement

What term refers to a combination of transactional and transformational leadership styles focused on long-term company performance? a. Charismatic b. Level 5 c. Level 6 d. Transportational

b. Level 5

People who value honesty behave _______ ethically in pursuing the terminal value of prosperity and a sense of accomplishment than do people with a lower honesty instrumental value. a. both of these b. More c. Less d. none of these

b. More

What term refers to shared rules, standards, or guidelines for team member behavior and performance? a. Bylaws b. Norms c. Values d. Skills

b. Norms

_______________ is when one or more team members is also a formal member of another team. a. A liaison role b. Overlapping team membership c. Team co-leadership d. Cohesiveness

b. Overlapping team membership

Which leadership style is most effective when followers have the ability to do something but are insecure and therefore require emotional support? a. Delegating b. Participating c. Selling d. Telling

b. Participating

Which of Hersey and Blanchard's leadership styles is characterized by asking group members for input but making the final decision alone? a. Delegating b. Participating c. Selling d. Telling

b. Participating

Which term is most characteristic of the effective model for leadership in the Chinese system? a. Maternalistic b. Paternalistic c. Collaborative d. laissez-faire

b. Paternalistic

Affective commitment is defined as _______________ emotional attachment to the organization and strong identification with its values and goals. a. indifferent b. Positive c. undeveloped d. negative

b. Positive

______________ can exist for long-periods of time, whereas _____________ are short-lived and assembled to address specific issues. a. Suggestion teams, quality circles b. Quality circles, suggestion teams c. Venture teams, virtual teams d. Virtual teams, venture teams

b. Quality circles, suggestion teams

In LMX theory, members of a clear out-group are likely to __________. a. have a great deal of influence b. Quit c. be especially fond of the leader d. all of these

b. Quit

When the first stage of stress is not relieved, our energy starts to fall and we enter the __________ stage. a. Alarm b. Resistance c. Exhaustion d. none of these

b. Resistance

Social loafing is less common with __________ teams. a. Larger b. Smaller c. Older d. Younger

b. Smaller

What term refers to a dysfunctional schema that is essentially an oversimplified schema for a group of people? a. fundamental attribution error b. Stereotype c. Collectivism d. none of these

b. Stereotype

__________ are generalizations people make to differentiate groups of people, such as believing that men are better leaders than women. a. Leadership skills b. Stereotypes c. Task results d. Motivations

b. Stereotypes

What type of teams set their own goals and pursue them in ways defined by the team? a. non-directive b. self-directed c. director-based d. manager-directed

b. self-directed

A person's confidence in his or her ability to organize and execute the courses of action necessary to accomplish a specific task is called ____________. a. self-esteem b. self-efficacy c. self-sufficiency d. self-righteousness

b. self-efficacy

What term refers to attributing our successes to ourselves and our failures to external factors? a. fundamental attribution error b. self-serving attributions c. defensive attributions d. self-handicapping

b. self-serving attributions

The Home Depot communicates the values they seek in employees by ____________. a. having potential employees meet with the mayor of the town where the company is located b. showing four "realistic job preview" videos that use footage of real employees c. showing videos of the products they sell d. getting friends of current employees to take potential new employees out to dinner

b. showing four "realistic job preview" videos that use footage of real employees

Team efficacy is strongly related to team performance, particularly when team ______________ is high. a. Independence b. Dependence c. Interdependence d. co-dependence

c. Interdependence

_____________ occurs when workers are moved through a variety of jobs to increase their interest and motivation. a. Job enrichment b. Job enlargement c. Job rotation d. Job promotion

c. Job rotation

What term refers to guiding and influencing others to work willingly toward the leader's objectives? a. Power b. Management c. Leadership d. Ethics

c. Leadership

Someone with a negative attitude toward work is __________ likely to be satisfied with any job than someone with a positive attitude toward work. a. More b. both of these c. Less d. none of these

c. Less

Valuing wealth and tangible possessions is defined as ___________. a. Greed b. egocentrism c. Materialism d. Generosity

c. Materialism

A team becomes more cohesive and clarifies members' roles and responsibilities, team goals, and team processes during which stage? a. Forming b. Storming c. Norming d. Performing

c. Norming

Goal commitment tends to be strong during which stage of team development? a. Forming b. Storming c. Norming d. Adjourning

c. Norming

________________ is defined as the degree to which an employee identifies with the organization and its goals and wants to stay with the organization. a. Community commitment b. Family commitment c. Organizational commitment d. Workers commitment

c. Organizational commitment

Which of the following is NOT a healthy coping strategy for stress? a. social support b. Meditation c. Overeating d. getting enough rest

c. Overeating

In path-goal theory, which leadership style works best when tasks are ambiguous, varied, and challenging? a. Directive b. Supportive c. Participative d. none of these

c. Participative

____________ means that all phases of allocation process must reflect the basic concerns, values, and outlook of important subgroups in the population of individuals affected by the allocation process. a. Bias suppression b. Accuracy c. Representativeness d. Consistency

c. Representativeness

A self-paced, computer-based continuous learning program improved worker morale, and raised the skill levels of over 300 workers at what University? a. Radford b. Rochester c. Rutgers d. Richmond

c. Rutgers

What term refers to an organized pattern of thoughts or behaviors that helps us to quickly interpret and process information? a. cognitive distortion b. intellectual efficiency c. Schema d. Stereotype

c. Schema

Schemas allow us to make sense of a _________ quickly based on limited information. a. Person b. Place c. Situation d. all of these

c. Situation

Our job satisfaction is somewhat___________ over time, even when we change jobs or employers a. erratic b. heterogeneous c. Stable d. variable

c. Stable

A CEO's instrumental values have a ________ influence on his or her organization's culture and processes. a. Weak b. Moderate c. Strong d. none of these

c. Strong

Social loafing is especially likely when a task seems _________. a. Exciting b. Important c. Trivial d. Easy

c. Trivial

Schemas are _________ very helpful. a. Always b. Never c. Usually d. Rarely

c. Usually

Which of the following is more closely associated with management than with leadership? a. building culture b. Motivating c. acquiring resources d. Coaching

c. acquiring resources

According to Hackman and Oldham, the degree to which the job gives the worker freedom, discretion, and independence in scheduling the work and determining how to do the work is called _______________. a. task feedback b. task significance c. autonomy d. task identity

c. autonomy

Intrapersonal value conflict occurs when ____________________. a. neither of these b. we have a disagreement with our co-workers that prevents productivity c. being happy pulls us to spend quality time with our family, but personal ambition pulls us to work longer hours and pursue promotions d. both of these

c. being happy pulls us to spend quality time with our family, but personal ambition pulls us to work longer hours and pursue promotions

A goal is most likely to be attained when ________________. a. people are strongly committed to it b. people are given feedback showing their progress toward the goal c. both of these d. neither of these

c. both of these

Charismatic leaders try to increase which of the following? a. followers' commitment to ideological goals b. followers' commitment to the leader c. both of these d. neither of these

c. both of these

Communication challenges can create barriers to effective teamwork by doing which of the following? a. reducing information sharing b. creating interpersonal conflict c. both of these d. neither of these

c. both of these

Emotions influence the ____________ of our motivation to engage or to not engage in certain behaviors. a. Creation b. maintenance c. both of these d. neither of these

c. both of these

The law of ____________ says that repetition strengthens the association between cause and effect. a. effect b. recency c. exercise d. existence

c. exercise

Which dimension of self-efficacy refers to beliefs about the degree to which similar tasks can be accomplished? a. magnitude b. strength c. generality d. specificity

c. generality

Terminal values influence what we want to accomplish; instrumental values influence __________. a. our values at the moment b. our family values c. how we get there d. why we want to accomplish things

c. how we get there

What term refers to our assumptions about how personality traits are related? a. explicit personality theories b. complicit personality theories c. implicit personality theories d. none of these

c. implicit personality theories

As a manager, if you want to increase your subordinates' job satisfaction, focus first on __________________. a. improving their after work activities b. the location of the office c. improving the nature of the work they do d. where the break room is located

c. improving the nature of the work they do

A work group of three secretaries who take turns answering the phones, sorting mail, and typing and filing correspondence are demonstrating _______________. a. job enrichment b. job enlargement c. job rotation d. job promotion

c. job rotation

Whereas attitudes can be thought of as __________ about something, emotions are _____________. a. cognitions, physical states b. physical states, cognitions c. judgments, experienced d. experiences, judgments

c. judgments, experienced

A relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs because of experience is called ___________. a. training b. growth c. learning d. intelligence

c. learning

What term refers to a higher level team of managers who manage lower-level cross-team integration? a. cross-team integrating teams b. liaison roles c. management team d. co-leader

c. management team

What strategy involves setting norms early or bringing in a higher level manager? a. Adaptation b. structural intervention c. managerial intervention d. Exist

c. managerial intervention

In most cases, a person will expend more effort when there is a ___________ expectancy of success. a. high b. low c. moderate d. lack of

c. moderate

About how much of the work force is made up of women? a. about 20% b. about 30% c. more than 45% d. more than 65%

c. more than 45%

Compared to larger teams, smaller teams tend to be __________ motivated and satisfied and can ________ clearly identify their contributions to the team. a. less, less b. less, more c. more, more d. more, less

c. more, more

One of the founding principles of California-based software company SuccessFactors is ______________. a. no quiet folks! b. no loud folks! c. no jerks! d. none of these

c. no jerks!

An employee who just finished an MBA paid for by a firm's tuition reimbursement program might feel a moral obligation to stay with the employer for at least a few years to repay the debt. This person would be classified by which type of commitment? a. continuance commitment b. none of these c. normative commitment d. affective commitment

c. normative commitment

In path-goal theory, what leadership style is characterized by soliciting subordinates' suggestions and input? a. directive leadership b. supportive leadership c. participative leadership d. achievement-oriented leadership

c. participative leadership

When Anne Mulcahy, the chairperson of Xerox, took over the company it was $18B in debt and the shareholders wanted to sell it in pieces because it didn't seem 'fixable.' She spent a year asking everyone including other companies' heads, her salespeople, the engineers, customer service employees what they thought should be done. This is an example of which of the following? a. directive leadership b. supportive leadership c. participative leadership d. achievement-oriented leadership

c. participative leadership

Payroll processor Paychex gives employees rewards of $100 to $300 each year for healthy activities including getting flu shots and dental checkups, attending yoga or aerobics classes, biking to work, and running a 5K race. This is an example of what type of pay? a. merit pay b. spot awards c. pay for performance d. none of these

c. pay for performance

Southwest Airline's manager of creative development says that because a customer-friendly attitude is "excruciatingly hard to instill in people," Southwest hires what kind of people? a. none of these b. people who are willing to go to school in order develop a customer-friendly attitude c. people who already have a customer-friendly attitude d. people who want to develop a customer-friendly attitude

c. people who already have a customer-friendly attitude

Informational diversity has a _______ impact on team performance; demographic diversity often has a ________ impact. a. positive, positive b. negative, negative c. positive, negative d. negative, positive

c. positive, negative

Which of the following is a main goal of working in teams? a. process loss b. social loafing c. process gain d. Groupthink

c. process gain

Cutting the work hours of low performing employees is an example of __________. a. positive reinforcement b. negative reinforcement c. punishment d. extinction

c. punishment

Higher positive affect is NOT related to which of the following? a. increased creativity b. openness to new information c. reduced productivity d. efficient decision making

c. reduced productivity

Selective perception ___________ stereotypes as the perceiver focuses on information and behaviors that confirm rather than negate the assigned stereotype. a. punishes b. refutes c. reinforces d. all of these

c. reinforces

Job enrichment is likely to be more successful if _____________________. a. an increase in satisfaction can be expected to improve productivity b. changes in job content are not too expensive c. employees welcome changes in job content and work relationships d. all of these

d. all of these

Leaders seem to have higher ______________ than non-leaders. a. energy levels b. internal control orientation c. emotional maturity d. all of these

d. all of these

Leaders tends to have higher levels of ______________ than non-leaders. a. Intelligence b. self-confidence c. Determination d. all of these

d. all of these

Leaders with a high concern for people generate _______________. a. trust b. work satisfaction c. self-esteem d. all of these

d. all of these

Lower expectancies tend to lower performance, but they can be counteracted through which of the following? a. verbal persuasion b. compliments c. expressing confidence in the person d. all of these

d. all of these

Managing your own and subordinates' attributions can improve which of the following? a. effort b. persistence c. ultimate success d. all of these

d. all of these

Maslow helped to increase managers' awareness of the motivating potential of giving employees ____________. a. greater responsibility b. challenge c. continuous development d. all of these

d. all of these

Meeting management software can create a record of which of the following? a. ideas presented b. comments made c. votes taken d. all of these

d. all of these

Our values can be reshaped by major life events such as _______________. a. the birth of a child b. the death of a loved one c. going to war d. all of these

d. all of these

Perceiving that the employer breached the psychological contract can create feelings of ____________. a. injustice b. deception c. betrayal d. all of these

d. all of these

Psychological contract violations have important implications for which of the following? a. trust b. performance c. behavior d. all of these

d. all of these

Psychological contracts can include expectations about which of the following? a. financial rewards b. performance-based pay c. career advancement d. all of these

d. all of these

Psychological contracts establish a foundation for employee expectations of _____________ fairness. a. procedural b. distributive c. interactional d. all of these

d. all of these

Research has found that emotion can influence which of the following? a. Turnover b. decision making c. Leadership d. all of these

d. all of these

Researchers view individuals' reactions to unfairness as an evolutionary-based response that is ________________. a. automatic b. emotional c. retributive d. all of these

d. all of these

Schemas help us to do which of the following? a. identify what information to ignore b. identify what information to pay attention to c. make sense of ambiguous information d. all of these

d. all of these

Selective perception involves selectively interpreting what we see based on our ____________. a. Interests b. Expectations c. Attitudes d. all of these

d. all of these

Self-directed teams can improve which of the following? a. Commitment b. Quality c. Efficiency d. all of these

d. all of these

Service businesses and customers share a set of expectations about the emotions that should be displayed during a service encounter. These expectations are a function of _________________ norms. a. Societal b. occupational c. organizational d. all of these

d. all of these

Stereotypes based on ________ are the cause of discrimination both in the workplace and in society. a. Age b. Gender c. Race d. all of these

d. all of these

Stereotypes can be based on which of the following? a. appearance b. behavior c. gender d. all of these

d. all of these

Substitutes for leadership can come from which of the following? a. Subordinates b. the task c. the organization d. all of these

d. all of these

Supervisors signal positive expectations by doing which of the following? a. nodding and smiling b. making frequent eye contact c. using a warm tone of voice d. all of these

d. all of these

Targets of bullying and observers report psychological problems such as ______________. a. Humiliation b. Anxiety c. discouragement d. all of these

d. all of these

Team contracts lead to improvement in which of the following? a. ethical behavior b. team performance c. team member satisfaction d. all of these

d. all of these

The meaning of a particular behavior or experience may differ across cultures due to differences in which of the following? a. norms b. values c. role perceptions d. all of these

d. all of these

Unlike instant reactions that produce emotion, and that change with expectations of future pleasure or pain, moods are harder to cope with, and can last for _____________. a. Days b. Weeks c. Months d. all of these

d. all of these

We base our impressions of others on which of the following? a. the information we obtain from the environment b. our previous attitudes c. our current mood d. all of these

d. all of these

What ethical issue(s) is/are important for teams? a. How do teams fairly distribute work? b. How do teams assign blame and award credit? c. How do teams ensure participation? d. all of these

d. all of these

What factors promote cohesiveness? a. smaller team size b. effective management of conflict c. friendly competition with other teams d. all of these

d. all of these

What influences motivation? a. the person b. the job c. the work environment d. all of these

d. all of these

What is/are the benefit(s) of telecommuting? a. it eliminates commuting time for employees b. it increases employees' ability to meet family demands c. it can save the company money by reducing the need for office space d. all of these

d. all of these

What is/are the organizational benefit(s) of lifelong learning? a. greater workforce flexibility b. reduced material and capital costs c. a more motivated workforce d. all of these

d. all of these

When a supervisor has high expectations of an employee, that employee tends to receive which of the following? a. more positive feedback b. less criticism for failure c. more detailed performance feedback d. all of these

d. all of these

Which characteristic(s) describe(s) a good goal? a. specific b. difficult c. achievable d. all of these

d. all of these

Which of the following can be self-handicapping? a. drug and alcohol use b. refusing the practice c. reducing effort d. all of these

d. all of these

A number of researchers have demonstrated a _______ relationship between empathy and helping behaviors. a. Strong b. nonexistent c. Modest d. confusing

d. confusing

A grievance or appeals process should exist in case mistakes are made. What is this rule called? a. consistency b. bias suppression c. ethicality d. correctability

d. correctability

Because moods reflect an individual's emotional state, researchers typically infer the existence of moods from a variety of __________ cues. a. athletic b. educational c. Behavioral d. cultural

d. cultural

Leaders of Oregon's Full Sail Brewing have strong values around ________________. a. over exploitation of resources b. corporate responsibility c. none of these d. environmental responsibility

d. environmental responsibility

Research has found that lower-level employees tend to attribute failure to ________ and attribute success to ___________. a. co-workers, supervisors b. supervisors, co-workers c. themselves, external factors d. external factors, themselves

d. external factors, themselves

No longer laughing at a coworker's inappropriate jokes so that he will stop telling them is an example of ____________. a. positive reinforcement b. negative reinforcement c. punishment d. extinction

d. extinction

Which type of reinforcer is most appropriate when a manager realizes he or she has been rewarding the wrong thing and wants to stop the behavior? a. positive reinforcement b. negative reinforcement c. punishment d. extinction

d. extinction

Team contracts deter which of the following? a. Cohesiveness b. Trust c. Creativity d. free-riding

d. free-riding

Which of the following is NOT part of Hackman and Oldham's job characteristics model? a. skill variety b. task identity c. task significance d. skill feedback

d. skill feedback

What term refers to the number and type of assignments employees are given based on expectations? a. input b. output c. feedback d. stereotype

d. stereotype

How many stages are there in Bruce W. Tuckman's model for how groups become teams? a. 3 b. 4 c. 5 d. 6

c. 5

Customer service research shows that _______ of customers defect from a company because they were treated with an attitude of indifference a. 7% b. 98% c. 68% d. 18%

c. 68%

What term refers to exhaustion of physical or emotional strength or motivation usually as a result of prolonged stress or frustration? a. Termination b. Breakdown c. Burnout d. none of these

c. Burnout

What term refers to leaders who are idealized by followers who develop strong emotional attachments to them? a. Transformational b. Transactional c. Charismatic d. Ethical

c. Charismatic

Which of the following does NOT describe transformational leaders? a. Inspirational b. Considerate c. Complacent d. intellectually stimulating

c. Complacent

____________ workers do not perform close to their potential capability, lacking the emotional and motivational connections to their employer that drive discretionary effort. a. Engaged b. Efficient c. Disengaged d. Inefficient

c. Disengaged

Who identified Theory X and Theory Y? a. Abraham Maslow b. Clay Alderfer c. Douglas McGregor d. Frederick Herzberg

c. Douglas McGregor

Which of the following is an asynchronous technology? a. Videoconferencing b. instant messaging c. Email d. conference calls

c. Email

______________is defined as a heightened emotional and intellectual connection that an employee has for his/her job, organization, manager, or coworkers that, in turn, influences him/her to apply additional discretionary effort to his/her work a. Community engagement b. none of these c. Employee engagement d. both of these

c. Employee engagement

Recent research suggests that emotions can both motivate and interfere with _________ behavior. a. recreational b. conversational c. Ethical d. none of these

c. Ethical

If we are unable to resolve the stress in the second stage, the third stage of _____________ develops and we are tired and listless. a. Alarm b. Resistance c. Exhaustion d. none of these

c. Exhaustion

____________ reflect your evaluations and overall liking of the object of the attitude, and can be positive or negative. a. Beliefs b. Cognitions c. Feelings d. Behavioral intentions

c. Feelings

Nasty interactions with coworkers can impact our mood _____ times more strongly than positive interactions. a. ninety-five b. seventy-five c. Five d. fifty-five

c. Five

How did hospital President and CEO Paul Levy deal with financial problems? a. He fired the least productive workers from each department. b. He decreased everyone's pay by a certain percentage. c. He asked the higher paid workers to make a larger sacrifice in order to protect lower-paid workers. d. He forfeited his own salary entirely.

c. He asked the higher paid workers to make a larger sacrifice in order to protect lower-paid workers.

Which of the following is a universally positive leader attribute? a. Cunning b. Sensitive c. Honest d. Irritable

c. Honest

Which of the following describes someone with a 1,1 rating on Blake and Mouton's Managerial Grid? a. I support results that establish and reinforce harmony. I generate enthusiasm by focusing on positive and pleasing aspects of work. b. I initiate team action in a way that invites involvement and commitment. I explore all facts and alternative views to reach a shared understanding of the best solution. c. I distance myself from taking active responsibility for results to avoid getting entangled in problems. If forced, I take a passive or supportive position. d. I expect results and take control by clearly stating a course of action. I enforce rules that sustain high results and do not permit deviation.

c. I distance myself from taking active responsibility for results to avoid getting entangled in problems. If forced, I take a passive or supportive position.

Which of the following is the ideal attribution for success? a. "I was successful because I am competent at this task and I worked hard." b. "I was successful because today was my lucky day." c. "I was successful only because of all the people who helped me along the way." d. "I was successful because I am perfect and will never fail."

a. "I was successful because I am competent at this task and I worked hard."

The great Chinese philosopher Lao-Tzu said, "When the best leader's work is done, the people say, _______________" a. 'We did it ourselves!' b. 'He did a great job!' c. 'We are proud to work for her!' d. 'How did that happen?!'

a. 'We did it ourselves!'

According to Blake and Mouton, the ideal manager has what rating on the managerial grid? a. 9, 9 b. 0, 9 c. 9, 0 d. 0, 0

a. 9, 9

Whose theory is the Hierarchy of Needs? a. Abraham Maslow b. Clay Alderfer c. Douglas McGregor d. Frederick Herzberg

a. Abraham Maslow

What term refers to the strategy of seeing a problem as a cultural difference instead of a personality issue? a. Adaptation b. structural intervention c. managerial intervention d. Exit

a. Adaptation

Which stress stage is triggered whenever we face any danger? a. Alarm b. resistance c. Exhaustion d. none of these

a. Alarm

Which researcher identified the two types of values: terminal and instrumental? a. Anne Sweeney b. Milton Rokeach c. David Neeleman d. Nelson Mandela

a. Anne Sweeney

Mangers should clarify when and where anger expressions are___________, so that employees know when and how to safely express their justified anger. a. Appropriate b. Developed c. none of these d. not appropriate

a. Appropriate

____________ reflect your motivation to do something with respect to the object of the attitude. a. Behavioral intentions b. Feelings c. Emotions d. Beliefs

a. Behavioral intentions

What fast food chain has ranked in the top 5 service times among all fast food competitors due to its goal of completing orders within 90 seconds at the drive through and 60 seconds at the counter? a. Chik-Fil-A b. KFC c. Wendy's d. Arby's

a. Chik-Fil-A

Cultural display rules are learned in _____________ to help us manage and modify our emotional expressions based on the social circumstance we are in. a. Childhood b. adolescence c. young adulthood d. adulthood

a. Childhood

What term refers to the degree to which members are attracted to the team and to its members and how loyal team members are to the team and to each other? a. Cohesiveness b. Coherence c. co-dependent d. Confidence

a. Cohesiveness

What type of conflict is over work goals and processes? a. Constructive b. Dysfunctional c. Destructive d. Relationship

a. Constructive

____________ occur when a team member serves on a work team and a second team with the function of integrating multiple teams. a. Cross-team integrating teams b. Liaison roles c. Management teams d. Co-leaders

a. Cross-team integrating teams

Which of Hersey and Blanchard's leadership styles is characterized by letting group members decide what to do? a. Delegating b. Participating c. Selling d. Telling

a. Delegating

Phil Knight, the founder of Nike, has been described as the ultimate __________, often giving his executives the freedom to make decisions that can dramatically affect the company. a. Delegator b. Participator c. Seller d. Teller

a. Delegator

In path-goal theory, which leadership style is best for situations with ambiguous, unstructured tasks? a. Directive b. Supportive c. Participative d. achievement-oriented

a. Directive

Jim Sinegal wants to maintain the central role of __________ in his leading of Costco. a. Ethics b. Education c. Expansion d. Evaluation

a. Ethics

Which of the following is a culturally contingent leader attribute? a. Evasive b. Egocentric c. Uncooperative d. Dependable

a. Evasive

_____________ lets employees decide when to go to work, within certain parameters. a. Flextime b. Job sharing c. Comp time d. Over time

a. Flextime

During the _________ stage of team development, members begin to learn about each other and the team's goals, purpose, and lifespan. a. Forming b. Storming c. Norming d. Performing

a. Forming

Group members tend to ask the leader about a group's purpose and goals during the ________ stage. a. Forming b. Storming c. Norming d. Adjourning

a. Forming

Group members tend to test what types of behaviors are acceptable in the group during the _________ stage. a. Forming b. Storming c. Norming d. Adjourning

a. Forming

Who argued that leader effectiveness depends on leadership style and the degree to which the situation gives the leader control and influence? a. Fred Fiedler b. Sergey Brin c. David Maxwell d. Bob Moore

a. Fred Fiedler

A team of marketing employees is an example of what type of team? a. Functional b. cross-functional c. Dysfunctional d. hyper-functional

a. Functional

_____________ refers to manageable levels of stress for reasonable periods of time that generate positive emotions including satisfaction, excitement, and enjoyment. a. Functional stress b. Dysfunctional stress c. Appropriate stress d. Able stress

a. Functional stress

In China, what term, which literally means social relationships or social connections, defines ingroup and outgroup people? a. Guanxi b. Gong c. Ling d. Jing Shen

a. Guanxi

What book describes self-fulfilling prophecies? a. The Luck Factor by Richard Wiseman b. Man's Search for Meaning by Viktor Frankl c. Psychopathology of Everyday Life by Sigmund Freud d. Walden by Henry David Thoreau

a. The Luck Factor by Richard Wiseman

_________ is the belief that most people dislike work and will try to avoid it whenever possible, and ________ is the belief that people can enjoy responsibility and work, and are able to make good decisions and exercise self-direction. a. Theory X, Theory Y b. Theory Y, Theory X c. Theory A, Theory B d. Theory B, Theory A

a. Theory X, Theory Y

What term refers to a person's unchanging characteristics that predispose them to act in a certain way? a. Traits b. States c. Moods d. Intelligence

a. Traits

Which of the following is NOT a good netiquette tip for managers? a. Use email to discuss employees' performance with other managers. b. Never use email to fire employees or deliver bad news. c. Do not rely on email to the exclusion of person contact. d. Be careful when wording email messages.

a. Use email to discuss employees' performance with other managers.

Members of ________ teams are geographically dispersed and linked by technology. a. Virtual b. Venture c. process design d. Functional

a. Virtual

Irving L. Janis said that groupthink reflects the triumph of _________ over good sense and __________ over expertise. a. agreement, authority b. enjoyment, intelligence c. emotions, loyalty d. efficiency speed

a. agreement, authority

During the recruiting process Southwest Airlines communicates the values they seek in employees by showing ______________. a. all of these b. employee posts c. a video blog d. photo galleries

a. all of these

Your choice of whether or not to try to reduce feelings of cognitive dissonance is affected by _______________. a. all of these b. your perception of the importance of the elements that are creating the dissonance c. the amount of influence you feel you have over these elements d. the rewards involved in the dissonance

a. all of these

Anne Sweeney, President of Disney/ABC Cable Networks and President of the Disney Channel worked her way up from an assistant position by_____________________. a. always being willing to try new things and take on new responsibilities b. completing her assigned duties and never asking for new responsibilities c. both of these d. none of these

a. always being willing to try new things and take on new responsibilities

How people explain the causes of their own as well as other people's behaviors and achievements is called ___________. a. attribution b. sensation c. motivation d. projection

a. attribution

Western cultures emphasize _____________, so people in these cultures prefer _________________ explanations. a. autonomy, dispositional b. autonomy, situational c. group membership, dispositional d. group membership, situational

a. autonomy, dispositional

Terminal values can change over time depending on_____________. a. both of these b. neither of these c. accomplishments d. experiences

a. both of these

What term refers to the social and emotional atmosphere leaders create? a. climate b. feedback c. self-fulfilling prophecy d. attribution

a. climate

Offering a _________ workweek allows employees to work a 40-hour week in less than five days. a. compressed b. compound c. miniature d. mixed

a. compressed

On Blake and Mouton's Managerial Grid, what label reflects a leader's focus on efficiency, productivity, and goals when deciding how to best accomplish a task? a. concern for production b. concern for people c. concern for progress d. concern for professionalism

a. concern for production

Which of the following emphasizes the achievement of concrete goals? a. concern for task results b. concern for people c. concern for group processes d. all of these

a. concern for task results

Would others behave similarly in the same situation, or receive the same outcome? This question refers to the concept of _____________. a. consensus b. consistency c. distinctiveness d. congruence

a. consensus

If a hiring manager is interviewing someone who reminds him of himself when he was just starting out, he may assume that the candidate also shares his values, work ethic, and abilities. This is an example of what phenomenon? a. countertransference b. projection c. the contrast effect d. the halo effect

a. countertransference

Perceptions are ____________ to change once they are formed. a. difficult b. easy c. impossible d. none of these

a. difficult

In path-goal theory, what leadership style is characterized by letting subordinates know what the leader expects of them, giving specific guidance as to what to do and how to do it, and scheduling the work to be done? a. directive leadership b. supportive leadership c. participative leadership d. achievement-oriented leadership

a. directive leadership

What term refers to the perceived fairness of the outcome received? a. distributive fairness b. procedural fairness c. interactional fairness d. organizational fairness

a. distributive fairness

The law of ___________ says that people tend not to engage in behavior that does not result in a reward. a. effect b. recency c. exercise d. existence

a. effect

What term reflects the phenomenon where one person's expressed emotion causes others to express the same emotion? a. emotional contagion b. emotional mirroring c. emotional mockery d. emotional mimicry

a. emotional contagion

What term refers to an interpersonal capability that includes the ability to perceive and express emotions, to understand and use them, and to manage emotions in oneself and in other people? a. emotional intelligence b. emotional stability c. emotion suppression d. none of these

a. emotional intelligence

What term refers to the act of displaying the appropriate emotion regardless of the emotion actually felt? a. emotional labor b. emotional dishonesty c. emotional immaturity d. emotional maturity

a. emotional labor

The degree to which an employee has the authority to make and implement at least some decisions is called _________________. a. empowerment b. success c. achievement d. dictatorship

a. empowerment

Essentially, employees expect a fair return for what they contribute—this is often referred to by what term? a. equity norm b. inequity norm c. equality norm d. inequality norm

a. equity norm

What term refers to the demonstration of normatively appropriate conduct through personal actions and interpersonal relationships, and the promotion of such conduct to followers through two-way communication, reinforcement, and decision-making? a. ethical leadership b. charismatic leadership c. level 5 leadership d. transformational leadership

a. ethical leadership

Luck, lack of resources, and other people are examples of which of the following? a. external factors b. internal factors c. personal factors d. cognitive factors

a. external factors

Richard Gabriel, a Distinguished Engineer at Sun Microsystems said that when building a team, he looks for people who are used to __________ and can respond without ________. a. failure, ego b. success, ego c. failure, superego d. success, superego

a. failure, ego

In a _____________ schedule, the desired behavior is reinforced after a specified number of correct responses. a. fixed-ratio b. fixed-interval c. variable-ratio d. variable-interval

a. fixed-ratio

Management is a __________, whereas leadership is a __________. a. function, relationship b. relationship, function c. job, career d. career, job

a. function, relationship

What term refers to our tendency to underestimate the impact of external factors and overestimate the impact of internal factors in explaining behavior? a. fundamental attribution error b. defensive attribution c. self-serving attribution d. prejudice

a. fundamental attribution error

When we expect__________ we might try harder and persist longer, which leads to greater success. a. good luck b. bad luck c. failure d. none of these

a. good luck

Once we categorize someone as a high performer, we focus more on (and better remember) information related to her ___________ and disregard more of the information reflecting her _____________. a. high performance, low performance b. low performance, high performance c. appearance, personality d. personality, appearance

a. high performance, low performance

Members of teams have _______ task interdependence and ________ goals. a. high, shared b. high, individual c. low, shared d. low, individual

a. high, shared

What is the term for psychological "brownie points" that allow the leader to take the group in new directions? a. idiosyncrasy credits b. extra credits c. interpersonal credits d. followership credits

a. idiosyncrasy credits

Employees who find intrinsic value in their work are doing what is ____________. a. important to them b. none of these c. important to their spouse d. not important to them

a. important to them

In LMX theory, what is the term for the subset of subordinates who have a special relationship with the leader? a. in-group b. out-group c. work group d. work team

a. in-group

Participation in goal setting _________ one's sense of control and fairness in the process. a. increases b. decreases c. puts an end to d. does not affect

a. increases

What term refers to diversity in knowledge and experience? a. informational diversity b. demographic diversity c. racial diversity d. emotional diversity

a. informational diversity

According to Guanxi (and LMX), __________ people are benefited and protected while __________ people may be rejected. a. ingroup, outgroup b. outgroup, ingroup c. older, younger d. younger, older

a. ingroup, outgroup

Time, effort, ability, training, personal sacrifice, and enthusiasm are examples of __________, while pay, appreciation, bonuses, benefits, recognition, and flexible work arrangements are examples of ____________. a. inputs, outputs b. outputs, inputs c. rewards, punishment d. punishment, rewards

a. inputs, outputs

What term refers to patterns of preferences inherent in organizations that create barriers? a. institutional biases b. Stereotypes c. attribution errors d. Rules

a. institutional biases

Which of the following occurs when the comments a person makes may influence the decision being made? a. instrumental voice b. noninstrumental voice c. passive voice d. active voice

a. instrumental voice

What is the term for whether the amount of information about the decision and the process was adequate, and the perceived fairness of the interpersonal treatment and explanations received during the decision making process? a. interactional fairness b. procedural fairness c. intrapersonal fairness d. interpersonal fairness

a. interactional fairness

What term refers to the degree to which people are treated with politeness, dignity, and respect by authorities or third parties involved in executing procedures or determining outcomes? a. interpersonal fairness b. informational fairness c. procedural fairness d. intrapersonal fairness

a. interpersonal fairness

Although ________ teams technically have more resources available, members of _______ teams are better able to interact and share information. a. larger, smaller b. smaller, larger c. global, virtual d. virtual, global

a. larger, smaller

What theory proposes that leaders usually develop a special relationship with a subset of subordinates who serve as trusted advisors and assistants and have greater influence, autonomy, and tangible benefits in exchange? a. leader-member exchange theory (LMX) b. path-goal theory c. Fielder's leadership match theory d. Hersey-Blanchard situational leadership model

a. leader-member exchange theory (LMX)

What term refers to factors that make leadership impossible? a. leadership neutralizers b. leadership substitutes c. leadership diminishers d. leadership exacerbators

a. leadership neutralizers

Discretionary behaviors that benefit the organization but are not formally rewarded or required are defined as ______________. a. organizational citizenship behaviors b. organizational commitment c. affective commitment d. normative commitment

a. organizational citizenship behaviors

What term refers to employees' perceptions of organizational events, policies, and practices as being fair or not fair? a. organizational fairness b. social justice c. vocational allegiance d. none of these

a. organizational fairness

A _____________ reinforcement schedule is one in which the desired behavior is reinforced only part of the time. a. partial b. parallel c. positive d. probabilistic

a. partial

What are the two dominant dimensions of mood called? a. positive affect, negative affect b. high energy, low energy c. optimistic, pessimistic d. none of these

a. positive affect, negative affect

What are the two types of affectivity? a. positive and negative b. high and low c. anxious and relaxed d. none of these

a. positive and negative

A performance bonus is an example of _____________. a. positive reinforcement b. negative reinforcement c. punishment d. extinction

a. positive reinforcement

When a manufacturing employee wears safety gear, the manager gives the employee praise to increase the likelihood that the employee will wear the safety equipment in the future. What type of reinforcement is being used in this example? a. positive reinforcement b. negative reinforcement c. punishment d. extinction

a. positive reinforcement

If the alarm stage is triggered by a specific event like your boss entering the room angry and yelling, it is called __________ stress. If it is triggered by anxiety over something that is about to happen, like a performance review at a time the company is about to lay off some employees, it is called __________ stress. a. primary, secondary b. secondary, primary c. general, specific d. specific, general

a. primary, secondary

Quality circles and suggestion teams are both types of _________ teams. a. problem-solving b. self-directed c. cross-functional d. Venture

a. problem-solving

What term refers to perceptions of the fairness of the policies and procedures used to make decisions? a. procedural fairness b. interactional fairness c. informational fairness d. instrumental fairness

a. procedural fairness

What term refers to the performance improvements that occur because people work together rather than independently? a. process gain b. process loss c. team efficiency d. Cohesiveness

a. process gain

What term refers to attributing our own characteristics to other people? a. projection b. denial c. reaction formation d. repression

a. projection

Psychological contracts are based on which of the following? a. promises b. threats c. laws d. all of these

a. promises

How might and manager best address the concept of physiological needs? a. provide adequate pay and work breaks b. ensure safe working conditions and job security c. show workers appreciation and respect d. assign challenging tasks and empower workers

a. provide adequate pay and work breaks

What did window treatment manufacturer Hunter Douglas do to decrease its 70% turnover rate six months post-hire? a. revamped its onboarding process b. created a new employee handbook c. increased the starting salary for new employees d. sent new employees to better job training programs

a. revamped its onboarding process

What term refers to selectively interpreting what we see based on our interests, expectations, experience, and attitudes? a. selective perception b. selective hearing c. selective sensation d. none of these

a. selective perception

What term refers to what happens when expectations create behaviors that cause the expectations to come true? a. self-fulfilling prophecies b. stereotypes c. projection d. schema

a. self-fulfilling prophecies

What occurs when people create obstacles for themselves that make success less likely? a. self-handicapping b. projection c. fundamental attribution error d. denial

a. self-handicapping

An example of ________ occurred when a General Mills plant implemented a plan that paid employees in several types of jobs based on their attained skill levels for their job. a. skill-based pay b. base pay c. spot awards d. none of these

a. skill-based pay

Alderfer's relatedness needs parallel Maslow's _________ needs. a. social and esteem b. self-actualization c. physiological d. safety and security

a. social and esteem

What term refers to the process through which we use available information to form impressions of others? a. social perception b. interpersonal schema c. groupthink d. information processing

a. social perception

According to Hackman and Oldham, the degree to which carrying out the job's required activities results in the individual's obtaining direct and clear information about the effectiveness of his or her performance is called ________________. a. task feedback b. task significance c. skill feedback d. annual evaluation

a. task feedback

According to Fiedler, _____________ leaders will do well when the situation is extremely favorable or extremely unfavorable for the leader (where leader-member relations, task structure, and leader position power are all very high or very low), and ______________ leaders will do well in more moderate situations. a. task-oriented, relationship-oriented b. relationship-oriented, task-oriented c. individual-oriented, group-oriented d. group-oriented, individual-oriented

a. task-oriented, relationship-oriented

The person in what role boosts morale, shows concern for members' well-being, and provides support and humor? a. team maintenance specialist b. productivity manager c. task specialist d. idea generator

a. team maintenance specialist

Which of the following is not one of the top five drivers of attraction? a. the CEO's alma mater b. vacation/paid time off c. competitive health care benefits d. competitive base pay

a. the CEO's alma mater

What term refers to evaluating a person's characteristics through comparisons with other people we have recently encountered who rank higher or lower on the same characteristics? a. the contrast effect b. the comparison effect c. the assimilation effect d. the accommodation effect

a. the contrast effect

People tend to associate beauty with other positive characteristics. This phenomenon is an example of which of the following? a. the halo effect b. defensive attribution c. procedural fairness d. the contrast effect

a. the halo effect

A Westinghouse sales manager agreed to pay for and cook lunch for all 16 of his direct reports if they met their sales quotas. They subsequently outdid their goals in 18 out of 19 months. Corporate higher-ups volunteered to foot the bill for the luncheons, but the manager refused. Why? a. the incentive worked because employees got a kick out of knowing the manager spent his own money b. he didn't think the company could afford it c. he didn't want to betray his staff by getting other people involved in their plan d. all of these

a. the incentive worked because employees got a kick out of knowing the manager spent his own money

The most important contribution of Herzberg's Two-Factor theory of motivation is the idea that motivation comes from _____________________. a. the intrinsic value and satisfaction the worker gets from the job itself b. the conditions surrounding the job c. the worker's self-esteem d. the worker's intelligence

a. the intrinsic value and satisfaction the worker gets from the job itself

Which of the following is NOT one of J. Richard Hackman's five conditions for effective teams? a. the team meets daily b. the team has compelling direction c. the team has effective teamwork coaching d. the team operates within a supportive organizational context

a. the team meets daily

What is cross-training? a. training employees in more than one job or in multiple skills b. making sure that employees are trained by members of the opposite sex c. having less experienced employees train more experienced ones d. training employees on other people's jobs but not their own

a. training employees in more than one job or in multiple skills

What term refers to leadership based on a reciprocal exchange of something of value? a. transactional leadership b. transformational leadership c. charismatic leadership d. creative leadership?

a. transactional leadership

Early leadership research focused on _______________ leadership, but today, researchers are devoting more time to understanding ______________ leadership. a. transactional, transformational b. transformational, transactional c. charismatic, ethical d. ethical, charismatic

a. transactional, transformational

What term refers to the expectation that another person will not take advantage of us regardless of our ability to monitor or control them? a. trust b. loyalty c. rapport d. fear

a. trust

Approximately _________ of what leads to customer defection is related to emotion or the lack of emotion. a. two-thirds b. one-fifth c. one-third d. seven-eights

a. two-thirds

What are the two basic issues in using behavior modification? a. type of reinforcement, schedule of reinforcement b. size of reinforcement, schedule of reinforcement c. type of reinforcement, complexity of reinforcement d. size of reinforcement, schedule of reinforcement

a. type of reinforcement, schedule of reinforcement

According to Victor Vroom, _________ is the perceived value of a given reward or outcome. a. valence b. expectancy c. instrumentality d. magnitude

a. valence

Social loafing is less common with __________ tasks. a. very important b. very trivial c. very difficult d. very easy

a. very important

What stage of team development is characterized by conflict as team members begin establishing goals, work processes, and individual roles, and test how the team will respond to differences among team members? a. Norming b. Storming c. Forming d. Performing

b. Storming

In path-goal theory, what leadership style is best in situations where tasks are routine, frustrating, and dissatisfying? a. Directive b. Supportive c. Participative d. achievement-oriented

b. Supportive

Which of the following tips would NOT help someone to make a good first impression at a job interview? a. Dress appropriately--nothing sloppy. b. Try not to use nonverbal communication to express yourself. c. Use positive emotion words. d. Be polite and avoid making inappropriate jokes.

b. Try not to use nonverbal communication to express yourself.

__________ plans are pay-for-performance plans that put a small amount of base pay at risk, in exchange for the opportunity to earn additional pay. a. Fixed pay b. Variable pay c. Gamble pay d. Cost pay

b. Variable pay

Which of the following is not one of the three main components of team effectiveness? a. improved ability to work together b. ability to work very quickly c. quality product d. team member satisfaction

b. ability to work very quickly

Onboarding practices accomplish which of the following? a. gives new employees time to determine where they want to go on vacation b. aligns new hires' values with those of the company c. allows new employees to get to know the community d. develops a good working relationship with the management of the company's suppliers

b. aligns new hires' values with those of the company

Lower individual-organization value conflict leads to which of the following? a. lower stress b. all of these c. greater job satisfaction d. higher performance

b. all of these

Which of the following are examples of instrumental values that guide our behavior in pursuit of our terminal goals? a. independence b. all of these c. Ambition d. Honesty

b. all of these

Which of the following is the best way to deal with cognitive dissonance? a. change your attitude b. all of these c. seek additional information d. change your behavior

b. all of these

Individual-organization value conflict occurs when ___________________. a. an employee's values conflict with the values of another employee b. an employee's values conflict with the values of the entire organization c. a friend's values conflicts with the values of the organization d. family values conflict with the values of a friend

b. an employee's values conflict with the values of the entire organization

What are job characteristics? a. attributes that describe the nature of the worker doing the job b. attributes that describe the nature of the work c. both of these d. neither of these

b. attributes that describe the nature of the work

Which of these attributes is NOT useful regarding teamwork? a. conflict resolution abilities b. authoritarian problem-solving style c. communication abilities d. goal-setting skills

b. authoritarian problem-solving style

The decision maker's personal biases should not influence the decision and the decision maker should not be so influenced by prior beliefs that he or she does not give all points of view adequate and reasonable consideration. What is this rule called? a. neutrality b. bias suppression c. indifference d. objectivity

b. bias suppression

Skill-based pay plans are found predominantly in _______ environments because of the relative ease of understanding what skills are important to job performance. a. white-collar b. blue-collar c. green-collar d. purple-collar

b. blue-collar

Which of the following emphasizes the social and emotional needs of individuals? a. concern for task results b. concern for people c. concern for deadlines d. all of these

b. concern for people

In the 1950s, Ralph Stogdill and his Ohio State University colleagues and Rensis Likert and his team at the University of Michigan's Survey Research Center identified what two dimensions of leadership style? a. concern for task results and concern for people b. concern for self and concern for others c. interpersonal skills and intrapersonal skills d. social intelligence and general intelligence

b. concern for self and concern for others

A _________ reinforcement schedule is one in which the desired behavior is reinforced each time that it occurs. a. contingent b. continuous c. contextual d. concomitant

b. continuous

Members of ___________ teams come from different departments within a firm. a. Functional b. cross-functional c. cross-referenced d. cross-cultural

b. cross-functional

The maximum markup at Costco is 15%. What does that mean? a. customers never pay less than 15% more than Costco paid for the item b. customers never pay more than 15% more than Costco paid for the item c. the lowest sale price is 15% off the original price d. customers always pay exactly 15% more than Costco paid for the item

b. customers never pay more than 15% more than Costco paid for the item

Which of the following is NOT a practical way to empower an employee? a. articulate clear vision and goals b. demand that goals be met immediately or else c. model successful behaviors d. give meaningful feedback

b. demand that goals be met immediately or else

What term refers to diversity in characteristics like age, gender, race, and sexual orientation? a. informational diversity b. demographic diversity c. emotional diversity d. intellectual diversity

b. demographic diversity

What term refers to shared expectations about which emotions ought to be expressed and which ought to be disguised? a. feedback loops b. display rules c. feeling guidelines d. emotional acceptability

b. display rules

What term refers to either under- or over-arousal stemming from too few or too many demands continuing for too long? a. functional stress b. dysfunctional stress c. positive stress d. negative stress

b. dysfunctional stress

Studies have found that __________ leaders are more likely to challenge poor group decisions than are _________ leaders. a. appointed, elected b. elected, appointed c. male, female d. female, male

b. elected, appointed

In 1965, John Stacey Adams developed ____________ to describe how people decide whether or not a decision is fair. a. kindness theory b. equity theory c. fairness theory d. justice theory

b. equity theory

In a _____________ schedule, the desired behavior is reinforced after a certain amount of time has passed. a. fixed-ratio b. fixed-interval c. variable-ratio d. variable-interval

b. fixed-interval

Which of the following tips would NOT help someone to make a good first impression at a job interview? a. give a firm handshake b. focus on yourself c. convey appropriate enthusiasm d. use an appropriate speaking style

b. focus on yourself

Microsoft Australia chief executive Steve Vamos said, "The role of the leader is to create environments where others can do great work—and then to ____________." a. make sure the work gets done b. get out of the way c. do great work with them d. do great work for them

b. get out of the way

On the least-preferred coworker scale, leaders who describe their least preferred coworker favorably (pleasant, friendly, enthusiastic) are considered ____________ and are more people-oriented. Leaders who describe their least preferred coworker unfavorably (inefficient, gloomy, uncooperative) are considered ____________ and are more task-oriented. a. low LPC, high LPC b. high LPC, low LPC c. major LPC, minor LPC d. minor LPC, major LPC

b. high LPC, low LPC

Someone with a "telling" leadership style is ________ on task behavior and _______ on relationship behavior. a. low, high b. high, low c. high, high d. low, low

b. high, low

One of the first experiments on the self-fulfilling prophecy effect in work settings was conducted in a job training program for disadvantaged employees. Trainees labeled "high aptitude" (though randomly selected) were rated _______ by their supervisors and peers, and had _______ dropout rates than the trainees who were not. a. lower, higher b. higher, lower c. higher, higher d. lower, lower

b. higher, lower

Team conflict tends to ________ and teams tends to perform _______ as they become more demographically diverse. a. decrease, lower b. increase, lower c. decrease, higher d. increase, higher

b. increase, lower

Teams with less well-defined emotional intelligence climates experience __________ task and relationship conflict and __________ conflict intensity. a. increased, decreased b. increased, increased c. decreased, increased d. decreased, decreased

b. increased, increased

Managers in the United States tend to value which of the following in their employees? a. community involvement b. individual achievement c. family loyalty d. athletic achievement

b. individual achievement

Westerners, who tend to be more individualistic, tend to see themselves as independent entities and therefore tend to notice _______________ more than ______________. a. contextual details, individual objects b. individual objects, contextual details c. men, women d. women, men

b. individual objects, contextual details

According to Victor Vroom, _______________ is the belief that performance will result in obtaining a particular reward. a. valence b. instrumentality c. expectancy d. magnitude

b. instrumentality

We persist at tasks the most when we attribute our successes to _________ factors. a. external b. internal c. environmental d. coincidental

b. internal

Effort and ability are examples of which of the following? a. external factors b. internal factors c. environmental factors d. circumstantial factors

b. internal factors

When a secretary's job responsibilities of receiving visitors and answering phones expand to include typing letters and sorting mail, ____________ has occurred. a. job enrichment b. job enlargement c. job rotation d. job promotion

b. job enlargement

One person performs a job on Mondays and Tuesdays, another person does it on Thursdays and Fridays, and both people work on Wednesdays. This is an example of _______________. a. flextime b. job sharing c. comp time d. laziness

b. job sharing

Positive affect does NOT promote which of the following? a. healthy marriage b. lack of friendship c. income level d. success at work

b. lack of friendship

What term refers to factors that make leadership unnecessary? a. leadership neutralizers b. leadership substitutes c. leadership exacerbators d. leadership diminishers

b. leadership substitutes

While Maslow proposed that a satisfied need becomes ____ important to an individual, Alderfer argued that relatedness or growth needs become ____ important when satisfied. a. more, less b. less, more c. most, least d. none of these

b. less, more

According to leadership experts Warren Bennis and Burt Nanus, "_________ controls, arranges, does things right; __________ unleashes energy, sets the vision so we do the right thing." a. leadership management b. management, leadership c. power, motivation d. motivation, power

b. management, leadership

The intensity of a person's desire to begin or continue engaging in the pursuit of a goal is called __________. a. self-esteem b. motivation c. talent d. self-efficacy

b. motivation

According to David McClelland, wanting to do something better or more efficiently to solve problems, or to master complex tasks is called a _________________. a. need for affiliation b. need for achievement c. need for power d. need for success

b. need for achievement

Removal of current or future unpleasant consequences to increase the likelihood that someone will repeat a behavior is called _____________. a. positive reinforcement b. negative reinforcement c. punishment d. extinction

b. negative reinforcement

What type of reinforcement is most appropriate when an employee perceives something as undesirable and the manager wants to increase the prevalence of certain types of behaviors? a. positive reinforcement b. negative reinforcement c. punishment d. extinction

b. negative reinforcement

Which of the following occurs when a person's comments will have no bearing on the outcome? a. instrumental voice b. noninstrumental voice c. passive voice d. active voice

b. noninstrumental voice

What term refers to an employees' opportunities to express their opinions, speak at meetings, and contribute to solving problems? a. input b. output c. feedback d. projection

b. output

Which of the following is not a component of emotional intelligence? a. regulation of emotion b. overuse of emotion c. self-emotion appraisal d. other's emotion appraisal

b. overuse of emotion

What term refers to what happens when a team of people working together performs worse than the individual members would have if they have worked alone? a. process gain b. process loss c. team inefficiency d. Cohesiveness

b. process loss

The law of _____________ says that the most recent consequence of a behavior is likely to govern the recurrence of that behavior. a. effect b. recency c. exercise d. existence

b. recency

A key component of equity theory is that employees compare their own input/output ratios with the input/outcome ratios of other employees. What is the term for this phenomenon? a. social contrast b. social comparison c. interpersonal contrast d. none of these

b. social comparison

What term refers to an increase in effort by a person working in a group? a. social loafing b. social facilitation c. Groupthink d. Cohesiveness

b. social facilitation

What term refers to the phenomenon where people put less effort into a task when working with a team than they do when working alone? a. Groupthink b. social loafing c. learned helplessness d. social facilitation

b. social loafing

Which of the following is a primary cause of process loss? a. social facilitation b. social loafing c. Cohesiveness d. Trust

b. social loafing

Which type of pay is given immediately, as soon as a desired behavior is seen? a. merit pay b. spot awards c. pay for performance d. none of these

b. spot awards

Consistently helping employees make ___________ attributions encourages them to view failures as problem solving situations in which the search for an improved strategy becomes the main focus. a. defensive b. strategic effort c. self-handicapping d. unconscious

b. strategic effort

Which dimension of self-efficacy refers to beliefs about how confident the person is that the task can be accomplished? a. magnitude b. strength c. generality d. specificity

b. strength

What strategy involves changing the shape of the team, structuring social interaction, and working to engage everyone on the team? a. Adaptation b. structural intervention c. managerial intervention d. Exit

b. structural intervention

In path-goal theory, which leadership style is characterized by being "friendly and approachable" and showing concern for the status and well-being of subordinates? a. directive leadership b. supportive leadership c. participative leadership d. achievement leadership

b. supportive leadership

According to Hackman and Oldham, the degree to which the job requires the worker to complete a whole and identifiable piece of work is called _______________. a. task significance b. task identity c. task feedback d. task validation

b. task identity

What term refers to a written agreement among team members establishing ground rules about the team's processes, roles, and accountabilities? a. policy manual b. team contract c. organizational covenant d. group agreement

b. team contract

After encountering an exceptionally good cashier, we might see an average cashier and evaluate him as below average. This is an example of which of the following? a. the halo effect b. the contrast effect c. projection d. all of these

b. the contrast effect

People have different abilities, needs, personalities, values, and self-concepts. In psychology, this concept is known as ___________. a. racial diversity b. the law of individual differences c. chaos d. hierarchy

b. the law of individual differences

In LMX theory, what ultimately determines whether the follower becomes in-group or out-group? a. the follower's perception of the leader b. the leader's perception of the follower c. the diversity of the workplace d. the size of the group

b. the leader's perception of the follower

It is important to complete the Least Preferred Coworker Scale with whom in mind? a. the person whom you like the least b. the person with whom you can work the least well c. the person with whom you have the least in common d. your favorite person

b. the person with whom you can work the least well

With ___________ leadership, employees comply because of contingent reinforcement, but with _____________ leadership, employees comply because they are personally committed to the leader's goals. a. transformational, transactional b. transactional, transformational c. charismatic, ethical d. ethical, charismatic

b. transactional, transformational

Extrinsic work values are defined as __________. a. values related to the types of work you experience b. values related to the outcomes of the work, such as financial gain c. values that give you a lot of job responsibility d. values that give you a challenging opportunities at work

b. values related to the outcomes of the work, such as financial gain

Intrinsic work values are defined as _____________. a. values related to your education b. values related to the work itself c. values not related to the work d. values related to your family

b. values related to the work itself

Establishing trusting relationships with supervisors and subordinates will help us to do which of the following? a. focus on our job performance b. improve performance of those around us c. both of these d. neither of these

c. both of these

For cross-functional teams, diversity can be which of the following? a. a strength b. a weakness c. both of these d. neither of these

c. both of these

How can managers improve fairness perceptions? a. by changing the fairness of the situation b. by changing how employees perceive the fairness of the situation c. both of these d. neither of these

c. both of these

Hygiene factors correspond to _______ a. Maslow's lower-level physiological, safety, and social needs b. Alderfer's existence and relatedness needs c. both of these d. neither of these

c. both of these

Many virtual teams rely on __________ information technologies. a. Synchronous b. Asynchronous c. both of these d. neither of these

c. both of these

Meeting management software can eliminate which of the following? a. travel expense b. wasted time c. both of these d. neither of these

c. both of these

Retailer Ann Taylor gives its more productive salespeople more favorable hours. What is/are the result(s)? a. high performing employees are reinforced b. all employees are motivated to persuade shoppers to buy more c. both of these d. neither of these

c. both of these

Stereotypes can contain ______________ assumptions. a. positive b. negative c. both of these d. neither of these

c. both of these

Virtual team members are frequently separated by _______________. a. geographic space b. Time c. both of these d. neither of these

c. both of these

Virtual team members have to consciously assess the __________ elements of team communications. a. Verbal b. Nonverbal c. both of these d. neither of these

c. both of these

When highly ranked instrumental and terminal values conflict and both cannot be met, we experience which of the following? a. inner conflict b. neither of these c. both of these d. Stress

c. both of these

Which negative behavior(s) can happen as a result of perceptions of unfairness? a. theft b. sabotage c. both of these d. neither of these

c. both of these

Why are stock options programs criticized? a. because they motivate executives to manage the company for the short term rather than the long term b. because stock prices are not always directly under the control of managers c. both of these d. neither of these

c. both of these

Why has Fiedler's leader match model been criticized? a. because it does not explain why some people are more effective in different situations b. because it is not entirely clear what the LPC scale actually measures c. both of these d. neither of these

c. both of these

_________________ are often seen by employees as violations of the psychological contract. a. Downsizings b. Layoffs c. both of these d. neither of these

c. both of these

Which of the following is more closely associated with leadership than with management? a. Planning b. Evaluating c. building trust d. attaining goals

c. building trust

An example of an intrinsic work value is _______________. a. social contact with friends b. time with family c. challenging work d. financial gain

c. challenging work

Concern for a family or social group as opposed to oneself is defined as ___________. a. all of these b. Socialism c. collectivism d. groupism

c. collectivism

Which of the following is not one of the top five drivers of engagement? a. senior management is sincerely interested in employee well-being b. organization's reputation in the community c. convenient work location d. improved skills and capabilities over the past year

c. convenient work location

What term refers to explanations for negative outcomes, such as tragic events, that avoid feelings of vulnerability and mortality? a. fundamental attribution error b. denial c. defensive attributions d. offensive attributions

c. defensive attributions

Affectivity may be an important thing to consider when choosing people to participate in ________________. a. wellness programs b. dietary programs c. development programs d. educational programs

c. development programs

Low ____________ occurs when the person frequently acts in a certain way or receives certain outcomes and leads to internal attributions. a. consensus b. consistency c. distinctiveness d. congruence

c. distinctiveness

Which of the following would NOT be an effective way for a manager to approach an employee who believes she has low ability? a. showing connections between her competence and the task being addressed b. identifying areas in which she perceives herself as competent c. reinforcing self-handicapping d. promoting short-term motivation

c. reinforcing self-handicapping

Which type of teams operate semi-autonomously to create and develop new products, processes, or businesses? a. problem-solving teams b. virtual teams c. self-directed teams d. venture teams

c. self-directed teams

Which leadership style works particularly well when followers have minimal competence but are confident and willing to do the job? a. Delegating b. Participating c. selling d. Telling

c. selling

Which of Hersey and Blanchard's leadership styles is characterized by making the decision alone, but explaining to the group the reasons for the decision, then helping followers to achieve task completion by persuading them and providing opportunities to learn more about the task? a. Delegating b. Participating c. selling d. Telling

c. selling

How might a manager best address the concept of self-esteem? a. provide adequate pay and work breaks b. ensure safe working conditions and job security c. show workers appreciation and respect d. assign challenging tasks and empower workers

c. show workers appreciation and respect

If feedback is too ________ too _______, it can deter exploration and learning. a. general, early b. general, late c. specific, early d. specific, late

c. specific, early

Attribution is a two-step process in which we first________ make an internal attribution of others' behavior, and then more _________ adjust the attribution to account for situational factors. a. enthusiastically, reluctantly b. reluctantly, enthusiastically c. spontaneously, consciously d. consciously, spontaneously

c. spontaneously, consciously

Which role keeps the team moving toward goal accomplishment and is played by people with more advanced job-related skills and abilities? a. team maintenance specialist b. productivity manager c. task specialist d. idea generator

c. task specialist

What term refers to leadership that inspires followers to adopt the values and goals of the leader and put aside their own self-interests for the good of the organization? a. transactional leadership b. transportational leadership c. transformational leadership d. transparent leadership

c. transformational leadership

In a __________ schedule, the desired behavior is reinforced after an unpredictable number of responses. a. fixed-ratio b. fixed-interval c. variable-ratio d. variable-interval

c. variable-ratio

Which schedules of reinforcement produces a high, steady rate of responding with desired behaviors that are difficult to extinguish? a. fixed-ratio b. fixed-interval c. variable-ratio d. variable-interval

c. variable-ratio

Intrapersonal value conflict occurs ________________. a. when highly ranked instrumental and terminal values are parallel b. both of these c. when highly ranked instrumental and terminal values conflict d. neither of these

c. when highly ranked instrumental and terminal values conflict

Interpersonal value conflict occurs ______________. a. when employees hold similar values b. when family members hold the sample values c. when two different people hold conflicting values d. when friends' values are parallel

c. when two different people hold conflicting values

Research has found that impressions are formed in the first ________ of meeting someone. a. 5 second b. 10 seconds c. 20 seconds d. 30 seconds

d. 30 seconds

What stage of team development occurs when the team disbands? a. Storming b. Norming c. Forming d. Adjourning

d. Adjourning

___________________ is an incompatibility between behavior and an attitude or between two different attitudes. a. Behavioral dissonance b. none of these c. both of these d. Cognitive dissonance

d. Cognitive dissonance

___________ theories of leadership acknowledge that the appropriateness of any leadership style depends on the nature of the followers and the situation. a. Capacity b. Complementarity c. Complacency d. Contingency

d. Contingenc

Which of the following is not a universally negative leader attribute? a. Irritable b. Dictatorial c. Ruthless d. Cunning

d. Cunning

Reinforcement theory is based on the work of what psychologist? a. Edmond Thacker b. Erin Thornwell c. Ellen Thimble d. Edward Thorndike

d. Edward Thorndike

Which of the following is not a culturally contingent leader attribute? a. Cunning b. Sensitive c. risk-taking d. Egocentric

d. Egocentric

What strategy involves removing a team member when other options have failed? a. Adaptation b. structural intervention c. managerial intervention d. Exit

d. Exit

Who developed the Two-Factor Theory? a. Abraham Maslow b. Clay Alderfer c. Douglas McGregor d. Frederick Herzberg

d. Frederick Herzberg

What phenomenon occurs when decision-making groups do not consider all alternatives and value unanimity rather than quality decisions? a. social loafing b. social facilitation c. Cohesiveness d. Groupthink

d. Groupthink

What store ensures that all senior store staff work toward the same goals by broadcasting a live 25-minute show called "The Same Page" in stores every Monday? a. Walmart b. Kroger c. Sam's Club d. Home Depot

d. Home Depot

Which of the following describes someone with a 9,1 rating on Blake and Mouton's Managerial Grid? a. I support results that establish and reinforce harmony. I generate enthusiasm by focusing on positive and pleasing aspects of work. b. I initiate team action in a way that invites involvement and commitment. I explore all facts and alternative views to reach a shared understanding of the best solution. c. I distance myself from taking active responsibility for results to avoid getting entangled in problems. If forced, I take a passive or supportive position. d. I expect results and take control by clearly stating a course of action. I enforce rules that sustain high results and do not permit deviation.

d. I expect results and take control by clearly stating a course of action. I enforce rules that sustain high results and do not permit deviation.

What term refers to self-appointed people who "protect" the group and its leader from negative information? a. free riders b. team maintenance specialists c. task specialists d. Mindguards

d. Mindguards

_________________ is defined as feeling obliged to stay with an organization for moral or ethical reasons. a. Continuance commitment b. Affective commitment c. None of these d. Normative commitment

d. Normative commitment

Which stage of team development is characterized by cohesiveness, productivity, and progress toward goals? a. Forming b. Storming c. Norming d. Performing

d. Performing

Which of the following is not one of the components of attitudes? a. behavioral intentions b. Feelings c. Beliefs d. Race

d. Race

Which of the following is not a universally positive leader attribute? a. Trustworthy b. Honest c. Motivating d. Sensitive

d. Sensitive

The more frequently and intensely we interact with peers, the _________ their influence on our behavior. a. Weaker b. less predictable c. more beneficial d. Stronger

d. Stronger

Which leadership style works best when followers lack confidence or don't know how to do something? a. Delegating b. Participating c. Selling d. Telling

d. Telling

Which of Hersey and Blanchard's leadership styles is characterized by making the decision and telling the group what to do? a. Delegating b. Participating c. Selling d. Telling

d. Telling

How did UPS respond after it was discovered that the high turnover rate among drivers was due to the exhausting task of loading packages onto the vehicle? a. They began to pay workers based on the number of packages they load per day. b. They hired people with better physical stamina. c. They referred workers to physical therapy. d. They redesigned the job so that separate workers could handle vehicle loading while drivers focus on deliveries.

d. They redesigned the job so that separate workers could handle vehicle loading while drivers focus on deliveries.

In order to facilitate the leading of remote employees, it is a good idea to hire employees who are able to do which of the following? a. self-lead b. set their own goals c. self-motivate d. all of these

d. all of these

____________ leadership can work well for short-term goals, whereas _____________ leadership is more effective for long-term goals and organizational change. a. Ethical, charismatic b. Charismatic, ethical c. Transformational, transactional d. Transactional, transformational

d. Transactional, transformational

On ___________ teams, team members are responsible for tasks typically reserved for team leaders or managers. a. problem-solving b. self-directed c. Functional d. Virtual

d. Virtual

In path-goal theory, what leadership style is characterized by setting challenging goals, expecting subordinates to perform at their highest level, continuously seeking improvements in performance, and showing confidence that subordinates will assume responsibility? a. directive leadership b. supportive leadership c. participative leadership d. achievement-oriented leadership

d. achievement-oriented leadership

According to Hackman and Oldham, what is/are the result(s) of a good match between the needs of the person and the characteristics of the job? a. experienced meaningfulness of work b. experienced responsibility for work outcomes c. knowledge of results of work activities d. all of these

d. all of these

As a manager, to use equity theory to motivate subordinates, you could do which of the following? a. have a regular one-on-one meeting with employees to discuss their goals and career development b. give employees regular feedback so they know how they are doing c. ensure that you recognize and reward good performance d. all of these

d. all of these

As employees successfully complete projects they gain which of the following? a. confidence in themselves b. the confidence of their superiors c. higher visibility in the organization d. all of these

d. all of these

Discrepant attributions result in which of the following? a. misunderstandings b. rejection c. conflict d. all of these

d. all of these

Diversity can lead to which of the following? a. Absenteeism b. low morale c. poor quality d. all of these

d. all of these

During the resistance stage of stress, our bodies release stored sugars and fats into our system, and our physical and mental behavior patterns change as we become _____________. a. Exhausted b. Forgetful c. Anxious d. all of these

d. all of these

E-leaders use technology to ___________ relationships in an organization's structure and environment. a. Enhance b. Improve c. Refine d. all of these

d. all of these

Effective spot reward programs depend on which of the following? a. discretion b. timely acknowledgements c. obvious links between employee actions and recognition d. all of these

d. all of these

Emotions affect which of the following? a. Creativity b. productivity c. career success d. all of these

d. all of these

Employee recognition methods include which of the following? a. a personal thank you note b. a preferred parking space c. a unique award d. all of these

d. all of these

Employees work harder and are less likely to quit their jobs when _______________. a. their personal values are consistent with the organization's values b. they have positive attitudes about the company and the work environment c. they are satisfied with their jobs d. all of these

d. all of these

Engagement is enhanced when employees _______________. a. have clear goals and roles b. have the resources needed to do a good job c. get meaningful feedback on their performance d. all of these

d. all of these

Goals affect _______________. a. what people pay attention to b. how hard people work c. how long people work d. all of these

d. all of these

Groupthink is said to have happened during which of the following famous events? a. the escalation of the Vietnam War b. the Bay of Pigs c. the space shuttle Columbia disaster d. all of these

d. all of these

How can we increase our own self-efficacy? a. practice more b. seek out a coach c. watch others perform the task successfully d. all of these

d. all of these

Which of the following ethical issues is/are especially important in teams? a. How do teams fairly distribute work? b. How do teams assign blame and award credit? c. How do teams avoid deception and corruption? d. all of these

d. all of these

Which of the following facilitate(s) groupthink? a. high group cohesiveness b. leader preference for a particular decision c. group insulation from outside opinions d. all of these

d. all of these

Which of the following increases job satisfaction? a. challenging work b. Autonomy c. Variety d. all of these

d. all of these

Which of the following influence(s) LMX? a. the follower's abilities b. interpersonal compatibility with the leader c. ingratiation behaviors d. all of these

d. all of these

Which of the following is part of California-based software company SucessFactors rules of engagement? a. I will demonstrate respect for the individual. b. I will help my colleagues and recognize the team when we win. c. I will selflessly pursue customer success. d. all of these

d. all of these

Which of the following is/are affected by perceptions of fairness? a. satisfaction b. commitment c. turnover d. all of these

d. all of these

Which of the following is/are important in leadership? a. Communication b. Motivation c. Influence d. all of these

d. all of these

Which of the following is/are increased by explanations? a. fairness perceptions b. perception of the hiring organization c. test-taking motivation d. all of these

d. all of these

Which of the following is/are part of the work environment? a. rules b. management practices c. reward systems d. all of these

d. all of these

Which of the following is/are true about cross-functional teams? a. they can get things done fast b. they can increase creativity c. they increase employee' knowledge d. all of these

d. all of these

Which of the following is/are true about empowerment? a. It enables employees to use more of their potential. b. It requires managers to delegate responsibilities. c. It requires managers to give up some decision-making authority. d. all of these

d. all of these

Which of the following is/are true about many team meetings? a. they are poorly run b. they take too long c. they accomplish too little d. all of these

d. all of these

Which of the following should managers do during a team's adjourning stage? a. recognize members' sense of loss b. address members' uncertainty about the next assignment in the organization c. evaluate what the team did well and poorly d. all of these

d. all of these

Which of the following statements is/are true about schemas? a. They allow us to focus on some information and ignore other information. b. They allow us to infer facts beyond the information immediately available to us. c. They allow us to predict behavior. d. all of these

d. all of these

Which trait(s) lead(s) to good team performance? a. general mental ability b. Conscientiousness c. Agreeableness d. all of these

d. all of these

Workgroups tend to experience shared group moods when they can display mood information to each other through ______________ cues. a. Facial b. Vocal c. Behavioral d. all of these

d. all of these

How can a supervisor enrich a job? a. by introducing new or harder tasks b. by organizing work in teams c. by granting additional authority to employees d. any of these

d. any of these

How might a manager best address the concept of self-actualization? a. provide adequate pay and work breaks b. ensure safe working conditions and job security c. show workers appreciation and respect d. assign challenging tasks and empower workers

d. assign challenging tasks and empower workers

Continuance commitment leads employees to stay with an organization __________. a. because they feel they should b. because they want to c. because they feel they do not have to d. because they feel that they have to

d. because they feel that they have to

Examples of extrinsic work values include which of the following? a. neither of these b. health benefits c. social contact with friends d. both of these

d. both of these

Which of the following forms a person's attitudes? a. Family b. Religion c. none of these d. both of these

d. both of these

Which of the following is not one of the top five drivers of retention? a. excellent career advancement opportunities b. satisfaction with the firm's business decisions c. good relationship with supervisor d. company dining options

d. company dining options

People from collectivist cultures which emphasize_____________ tend to prefer ___________ explanations. a. autonomy dispositional b. autonomy, situational c. group membership, dispositional d. group membership, situational

d. group membership, situational

According to Herzberg, _____________ are things such as pay, status, and working conditions that produce an acceptable work environment and whose absence leads to dissatisfaction. a. atmospheric factors b. acceptability c. hygiene factors d. happiness factors

d. happiness factors

If your roommate is a C student, the distinctiveness of a recent high grade would be _____ and you would attribute it to _________. a. low, internal causes b. low, external causes c. high, internal causes d. high, external causes

d. high, external causes

What term refers to the extent to which employees receive adequate information and explanations about decisions affecting their working lives? a. procedural fairness b. interpersonal fairness c. intrapersonal fairness d. informational fairness

d. informational fairness

Which of the following is a synchronous technology? a. Email b. Wikis c. Voicemail d. instant messaging

d. instant messaging

If you are "high LPC," you are most likely to describe your least preferred coworker using which adjectives? a. rejecting, unenthusiastic, cold b. boring, quarrelsome, tense c. distant, frustrating, unfriendly d. interesting, harmonious, pleasant

d. interesting, harmonious, pleasant

Which of the following is NOT one of the five categories of important leadership skills in a virtual project team or distance management situation? a. building community among team members based on mutual trust, respect, affiliation, and fairness b. communicating effectively and matching technology to the situation c. establishing a clear and motivating shared vision, team purpose, goals, and expectations d. leading with directness and focusing on abstract results

d. leading with directness and focusing on abstract results

Members of work groups have _______ task interdependence and _______ goals. a. high, shared b. high, individual c. low, shared d. low, individual

d. low, individual

A shortage of the motivators that positively encourage employees will _____ satisfaction and cause employees to focus on hygiene factors, which will produce feelings of ____________ if they are missing. a. higher, satisfaction b. lower, satisfaction c. higher, dissatisfaction d. lower, dissatisfaction

d. lower, dissatisfaction

Which of the following is NOT one of the three contingencies of effective leadership? a. Leader b. Followers c. Situation d. management style

d. management style

It is common for both men and women to view stereotypically masculine characteristics as ________, and stereotypically feminine characteristics as ________. a. ethical, unethical b. unethical, ethical c. nonmanagerial, managerial d. managerial, nonmanagerial

d. managerial, nonmanagerial

Which of the following is NOT a collaborative problem-solving ability? a. identifying situations that require participative group problem solving b. utilizing the right amount of participation in group problem solving c. recognizing obstacles to group problem solving d. maximizing congruence between your own verbal and nonverbal messages

d. maximizing congruence between your own verbal and nonverbal messages

U.S. managers tend to make decisions ________ quickly and with __________ analysis than those in other countries. a. more, more b. less, less c. less, more d. more, less

d. more, less

Some cultures, including Austria, Korea, and Japan, expect people to display a/an ____________ emotional state. a. Happy b. angry c. enthusiastic d. neutral

d. neutral

Transformational leaders do which of the following? a. give subordinates developmental work experiences b. inspiring subordinates to do their best c. demonstrate positive behaviors that followers want to emulate d. penis

d. penis

If you are "low LPC," you are most likely to describe your least preferred coworker with which of the following adjectives? a. hesitant, guarded, frustrating b. enthusiastic, close, interesting c. inefficient, boring, gloomy d. supportive, cooperative, warm

d. supportive, cooperative, warm

What term refers to a team's shared belief that it can organize and execute the behaviors necessary to reach its goals? a. team esteem b. team efficiency c. team effectiveness d. team efficacy

d. team efficacy

What term refers to drawing a general impression about something or someone based on a single (typically good) characteristic? a. the Hawthorne effect b. fundamental attribution error c. the Mozart effect d. the halo effect

d. the halo effect

To reduce your negative affectivity, you should try to ___________. a. think more negatively b. think unconstructive thoughts c. associate yourself with negative people d. think more positively

d. think more positively

Which of the following is NOT a way to restore feelings of equity? a. choose a different comparison person who gives a better ratio b. reduce other persons outcomes by sabotage c. increase your own outcomes d. try to get the other person to reduce input

d. try to get the other person to reduce input

As we become more stressed, our thinking becomes increasingly more ____________. a. creative b. developed c. complex d. unimaginative

d. unimaginative

In a ___________ schedule, the desired behavior is reinforced after an unpredictable amount of time has elapsed. a. fixed-ratio b. fixed-interval c. variable-ratio d. variable-interval

d. variable-interval

Norms for excessive politeness may result in anger suppression and the __________of vital emotional information that ultimately hurts the organization a. none of these b. development c. Release d. withholding

d. withholding

Which of the following is not one of the factors that have the greatest influence on job satisfaction? a. the work itself b. Personality c. Attitudes d. your alma mater

d. your alma mater