Human Sexuality

Which of the following is true of herpes simplex?

A delivery by C-section can prevent the infant from contracting the disease.

Which of the following is a general rule, across cultures, regarding the standard of attractiveness?

A poor complexion is unattractive.

Which of the following examples is representative of the differential susceptibility model?

A teenager who was abused in childhood is deeply upset by depictions of sexual violence in films, while his movie companions remain largely unaffected.

Which of the following is most likely to be the reason for lower marriage rates among African Americans?

African American men face obstacles in seeking and maintaining the jobs necessary to support a family.

Which of the following is true of attitudes toward masturbation?

Almost all human societies express some disapproval of adult masturbation.

Which of the following statements about American Indians is true?

American Indian women have been less visible in the popular media than men.

Which among the following is a limitation of the National Health and Social Life Survey (NHSLS)?

American Indians were underrepresented in the sam

Which of the following is true of the patterns identified in a review of 25 articles about fathers' experiences during pregnancy?

As pregnancy progresses, many fathers interact with the fetus by talking to them and by feeling and responding to their movement.

Which of the following is true of breast-feeding?

Breast-feeding reduces the likelihood of pregnancy by inhibiting ovulation.

Which of the following is true of the stages of labor?

Commonly, the amniotic sac does not rupture until the end of the first stage of labor.

Which of the following is true regarding the ovulation phase of the menstrual cycle?

During this phase, the follicle ruptures open and releases a mature egg.

Studies have shown that if rhesus monkeys are reared in isolation, their adult sexual behavior is severely disturbed, to the point where they may be incapable of reproducing. However, if mice are reared in isolation, their adult sexual behavior will nonetheless be normal. Which of the following statements best explains the difference in outcomes?

Environmental influences play a stronger role in sexuality in higher species than in lower ones.

Which of the following is true of epigenetics?

Epigenetics refers to a functional change to DNA.

Which of the following is true about Henry Havelock Ellis?

He believed that women, like men, are sexual creatures.

Which of the following statements is true concerning Jesus's teachings about sex?

He did not put any particular emphasis upon sexual conduct.

Millie is in labor and at the hospital. According to her doctor, she is in the "transition phase." In this case, which of the following is most likely to be true?

Her cervix has dilated from 8 to 10 centimeters.

Which of the following is true of home births and hospital births?

Hospital birthing practices have changed a great deal, and their environments are much more homey and comforting than they once were.

_________ ethics represent a nonreligious form of ethics that proposes the basic goals of life are self-awareness, the avoidance of pain and suffering, and the fulfillment of needs.

Humanistic

Which of the following is true of the adrenal glands?

In females, they are the major producers of androgens.

Which of the following is true of Islam and intersex conditions

Islam goes beyond the idea of the gender binary to recognize four genders, which includes intersex.

Which of the following is true of queer theory?

It argues that social norms privilege heterosexuality and marginalize other sexual orientations.

Which of the following is true of evolutionary psychology?

It believes that human cognitive structures evolved over the years just as human behavior did.

Which of the following is true about the meaning of the term platonic love?

It has come to refer to an intellectual and sexless form of affection.

Why is it important to study the relationship of religion to sexuality?

It helps one to understand the manner in which religion exerts a powerful influence on one's sexual behavior.

In which of the following ways does social cognitive theory differ from social learning theory?

It includes cognitive processes like self-efficacy.

Which of the following statements is true regarding the sexual health movement?

It involves a vision of positive sexual relationships.

Which of the following is true of the attachment between an infant and a parent?

It is a biological mechanism that reduces infant vulnerability.

Which of the following is a major advantage of direct observation over self-reports?

It is accurate.

Which of the following is true of the umbilical cord?

It is attached to the placenta and provides the fetus with nutrients.

Which of the following is true of preeclampsia?

It is especially common among teenagers.

Which of the following describes Jesus' view on adultery?

It is the only grounds for divorce in Christianity.

What function does amniotic fluid perform?

It maintains the fetus at a constant temperature.

According to data on social-class variations in sexuality in the U.S., which of the following is a true statement?

It may be true that a person's sexuality influences their social class, especially for women

Which of the following functions does the placenta perform?

It produces large quantities of estrogen and progesterone.

Which of the following is true of parental investment?

It refers to the behavior and resources invested in offspring to ensure their survival.

Which of the following is true of the scientific study of sex?

It tends to be an interdisciplinary effort among several scientific disciplines.

Which of the following is true of social exchange theory?

It uses the concept of reinforcement to explain stability and change in relationships between people.

Which of the following is an advantage of web-based surveys?

Large samples can be recruited for surveys.

Which of the following is true of leptin?

Leptin levels rise as body fat increases.

Which of the following is true of menstruation?

Many reasons besides pregnancy, such as illness or emotional stress, may result in a late period.

Which of the following statements represents the views of moralism?

Moralists favor strict regulation of human conduct to make people conform to moral standards.

Which of the following statements about male and female hormone systems is true?

Only testosterone levels differ between men and women

Which of the following is true regarding gender schemas?

Our gender schema predisposes us to process information based on gender.

Which of the following is true of oxytocin?

Oxytocin stimulates the breasts to eject milk.

Which of the following statements describes the views of pluralists?

Pluralists allow freedom to individuals, even if society loses some order by their actions.

Which among the following is a similarity between Latin American and Asian American cultures?

Protection of family honor is given significant importance in both cultures.

Which of the following is a general rule, across cultures, regarding same-gender sexual behavior?

Same-gender sexual behavior is never the predominant form of sexual behavior for adults in any of the societies studied.

Which of the following best characterizes the sampling done in magazine surveys?

Sampling is generally seriously biased.

Which of the following statements describes the view of sexuality in the Hebrew scriptures?

Sexuality cannot be separated from its social consequences.

Which of the following accurately reflects Islamic values?

Sexuality is primarily a source of pleasure.

Which of the following is true of fetal development in a normal pregnancy?

The fetus is sensitive to light and sound in the second trimester.

Which of the following statements regarding brain differentiation in males and females is true?

The hypothalamus and the amygdala are among the few brain structures that show gender differentiation.

Research has found which of the following to be true regarding infertility in women?

The leading cause of infertility in women is pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).

Which of the following is true of the pituitary gland and the hypothalamus?

The pituitary is the master gland of the endocrine system.

Which of the following is true of marijuana use by pregnant women?

The psychoactive chemicals in marijuana cross the placental barrier.

Research has found which of the following to be true regarding infertility in men?

The quality and motility of male semen declines with age.

Which of the following describes dysmenorrhea?

The term refers to painful menstruation.

Which of the following is true of menarche?

There is a wide range in the age at which menarche occurs.

Which of the following is true of Braxton-Hicks contractions?

They are believed to help strengthen the uterine muscles.

How are psychoanalytic and sociobiological theories similar?

They are both based on the notion that human sexual behavior is biologically controlled.

Which of the following is true of racial microaggressions in the United States?

They are frequently experienced by members of ethnic minorities.

According to ancient Greek culture, why do people fail to live morally?

They are ignorant.

Which of the following is true regarding rejectionists' view on homosexuality?

They read Paul's statement as an unambiguous condemnation of homosexual acts.

Which of the following is a major difference between psychoanalytic theory and learning theory?

Unlike learning theorists, psychoanalytic theorists believe that the determinants of human sexual behavior occur in early childhood.

The type of atypical development where the male fetus (sex chromosomes XY) is insensitive to androgen is most likely to result in

a female-like external appearance, with no uterus and with undescended testes.

Which of the following is an example of sexual behavior used for nonsexual purposes?

a rapist using sex as an expression of power over a woman

One of the differences between the Protestant Church and the Catholic Church was that Protestantism

abandoned clerical celibacy, regarding it as unnatural.

Of the following, Buddha's teachings are most broadly

ascetic.

Thomas considers sex to be a "sin of the flesh." He believes that true spiritual purity can only be attained by denying the body's need for physical pleasures, and he leads the life of a celibate. Which of the following moral systems can be ascribed to Thomas?

asceticism

In the study of human sexuality, sociologists

assume that the appropriateness or inappropriateness of a particular sexual behavior depends on the culture in which it occurs.

When comparing the pubertal process in females and males, it is found that

boys begin to change about two years later than girls.

How is a cesarean section performed?

by making an incision through the abdomen and then through the wall of the uterus

Observations of other species indicate that our basic mammalian heritage is

composed of both heterosexual and homosexual elements

The key to understanding the differences and similarities in sexuality among ethnic groups in the United States is the

cultural context of the different groups.

Cross-cultural studies of human sexual behavior have shown that

culture has a profound impact on sexual expression

The testis-determining factor (TDF) is responsible for

differentiation of gonads into testes.

Gonad differentiation occurs

earlier for males.

Informed consent and protection from harm in sexual research are best described as

ethical standards for conducting research on sexuality.

A person or group who would take a/an _________ approach to life would say "Eat, drink, and be merry, for tomorrow we die." As part of their philosophy, they would also place a high importance on the enjoyment of sex in life.

hedonistic

If parents rearing a child are very focused on teaching the child the importance of one's reputation in the community and respect for one's elders, the family most likely lives in what type of culture?

honor

Which of the following is most likely to result from increased levels of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in females?

increased levels of luteinizing hormone (LH)

Which of the following may be a consequence of undescended testes in a male?

inhibition of sperm production

Masters and Johnson's report Human Sexual Response differs from surveys of sexual behavior because

it directly observed sexual behavior.

The religious tradition underlying Western ethics has almost always seen sexual intercourse as

legitimate only in marriage.

Which of the following refers to the position of the Roman Catholic Church toward homosexuality?

love the sinner but hate the sin

Incest taboos are

nearly universal.

Freedom from all forms of discrimination based on sex, sexuality, or gender is an example of a/an ______ sexual right.

negative

Which of the following is an example of a recommended research method for research with ethnic minority populations

offering bilingual interpreters for respondents

A woman with a vaginal infection repeatedly experienced pain during intercourse , leading her to eventually stop having sexual intercourse. This is an example of

operant conditioning.

Marijuana use in men is associated with

reduced sperm motility.

Hormones are

secreted directly into the bloodstream.

Oxytocin

seems to promote affectionate bonding.

When people respond to questions about sexuality, they sometimes exaggerate, and at other times they tend to minimize or hide certain facts. In which of the following methods of measuring sexuality is this problem most likely to arise?

self-reports

Greek philosophy after the Golden Age taught that

sex was to be transcended to achieve the beautiful and good.

In the context of determination of estrogen sensitivity, if testosterone is present during fetal development,

the cells that have estrogen receptors in the hypothalamus become insensitive to estrogen present in the bloodstream.

Which of the following organs are both homologous and analogous in adult males and females?

the glans penis and the clitoris

Identify one of the common menstrual taboos in Western culture that is still in practice today.

the prohibition of sexual intercourse with a menstruating woman

In sampling, volunteer bias in sex research would not be so great if

those who refuse to participate are identical in their sexual behavior to those who do participate.

In which of the following areas do the pro-life position and pluralist pro-choice position have a consensus?

value and dignity of human personhood

Considering the lifespan of the average sperm and the period during which the egg is capable of being fertilized, the optimal time for sexual intercourse in order for a woman to conceive would be right at ovulation or

within five days before ovulation.