Humanities Chapter 1,2,&3
Mesopotamia means....
"land between a river" and largest region between the Euphrates and Tigris river valley
Socrates claimed
"virtue is knowledge" and psyche is the seat of intelligence and and character
Virgil
- Poem: Aereid -Roman's culture based on human destiny and coast of achieving values and principals. The ideal roman citizen favors civic duty above all else
Ziggurat at Ur
-2100BCE -Resident God of Uris, mood god -"stairway to heaven" -200x145 feet
Venus of Willendorf
-Austria -Maybe a fertility symbol, figure has appeared in other Paleolithic cultures. -Features emphasis is symbolic of creativity and a natural navel indentation -carved around 55,000BC
what is the sipapu story called?
A creation myth or emergence tale
Myth
a story a culture assumes to be true
Caesar....
became 5 year governer of gaul and then dictator of rome
Anasazi indians were...
cave dwellers
Kiva
ceremonial center
Outward sign of Covenant
circumsion of all male children
Catharsis
cleansing and purification that tragic plays bring to the audience
Socrates
condemned sophists and rejected the enduring moral order of the universe
Horace
dedidcated 2 ode's to augustus Harmonized greek love of beauty with rome's concerns with duty and obligation
Anthropomorphic
deities that possess human form and personalities
What is a neolithic culture of No. America?
Anasazi Indians
idealism
emphasized spiritual values, creating pure ideas untainted by material reality
Aristotle observed the natural world through......
empirical investigation
Culture
encompasses values and behaviors shared by a group of people over time and passed down from one generation to the next
Earliest primate origination:
ethiopia, east africa;
Sargon I
first ruler and the story of his life is the same as the christian story of motives. It was a Narrative genre or a story with a universal theme (rags to riches)
dialectic method
forces questioner to answer own question
Major civilizations
Mesopotamia
Alexandria
founded by alexander the great, very diverse in population, many different cultures 1 million residents and had the first university
The Golden Mean
good life was attainable through balanced action, middle ground between two extremes
Priests
have all the power
Alexander's dream was like.....
his father's. It was to unite the greek and persian cultures
Humanism
human being's actions and political actions are number 1.
Pantheistic
hundreds of deities throughout nature and universe, a feeling that there are many gods
Naturalism
imitates a natural appearance of an animal
Aristotle believed....
imitation in a play elevates the viewers mind
Platonism
immortal psyche superior to the ever changeful body
Hieractics scale
important figures are larger than others
Flooding that provided good agricultural returns did what?
it defined their faith in their religion, it said that the gods were pleased with them.
What was the architecture like?
it was clay or wood with post and lintel construction
Patricians
land owing aristocrats, priests, lawyers, landowners
polytheistic
many gods and goddesses connected with the forces of nature, it is more direct,worship a statue
Hebrews were
montheistic while others were polytheistic
Ziggurat
most prominent religious structure in each Sumerian city
What are the Chauvet cave drawings known for?
naturalism
Empirical investigation
observing material world, observer would know its essence... its universal truth
Sinleqquinninni
oldest known author
pledians
poorer class, merchants, artisans,
Sophists or wise men
questioned all inquiry and absolute truth
inductive reasoning
reasoning from the particular to the general then reach a final conclusion
Covenant
relationship between Abraham and higher power
sipapu
small hole where ancestors rise from the earth
What is a neolithic megalith in No. Europe?
stonehenge
The arc of land that swings through some of the most productive land in the Near East is called
the Fertile Crescent
What was the consequence of the start of the Neolithic era?
the consequence was it showed growth and complexity
Patriarch Abraham of Ur settled in....
the land called Canaan
Alexander created...
the largest known empire
Christians refer to Hebrew/Jewish bible as....
the old testament
Civilization
the way people live in a culture with the values and behaviors shared by a group of people
First evidence of paleolithic cultures was?
tool use and they developed a rudimentary culture. For example, fire, stone tools and language invented
Wooly's important discovery was..
Standard of Ur at Royal Cemetery
City of Ur was..
Sumerian
Kingdoms were...
Sumerian, Akkadian and Babylonian
Sargon I conquered the...
Sumerians and assimilated their culture
Happiness wasn't....
a goal in life and pessimism was pervasive
Epic
a long narrative poem told in elevated language; tells about the great flood
Perspective Drawings
3D space on a 2D surface
How many years ago did humans appear?
4-6 billion years ago
Agency
Drawings were created to exert power over world and what's in it
What did humans believe they were put on earth for?
Human beings were put on earth to serve deities
Stadard of Ur showed...
-War and peace: one side illustrates military victory and the other side a banquet celebration -register is self contained horizontal bands, within each figures stand on a ground line or base line
Stele of Hammurabi
-basalt -"The straight thing" -based on talion or an "eye for an eye"
Heads of Akkadian Man
-bronze -realistic, life sized head -1st existing work made for lost wax casting
Epic of Gilgamesh
-human being's quest for immortality -1st known work to confront death
Cuneiform
-meaning "wedge" -sumerian writing system and earliest writing form: pictograms , ideograms and phonograms
Stonehenge
-most famous megalithic structure, category is cromlech, a circle place. -Post and lintel construction (like a door) -human bones suggested it was burial site
Neolithic
-new stone age where animals were domesticated and growing your own food replaced hunting and gathering. This led to pottery use for food and water storage.