HUN-1001
Red flags
"Money back" guarantees, use of testimonials and anecdotes as evidence of effectiveness, and promotion of a product's benefits without reference to its risks, are examples of _____
Registered dietitian (RD) Registered dietitian nutritionist (RDN)
A college-trained health-care professional who has extensive knowledge of foods an nutrition is called a
Bones Body fat Liver
Choose areas that are the major storage sites for nutrients
Control
In order to more effectively evaluate treatments, researchers will often compare treatment group to a _____ group
Calcium Potassium
Many dairy foods are excellent sources of which two minerals?
Catabolic
Reactions that involve the breakdown of molecules are called _____
Foods
The human body is designed to obtain nutrients and phytochemicals via _____
Esophagus
The long muscular tube that connects the back of your mouth with the stomach is called the _____
Bile
The main function of _____ is to assist in fat digestion and absorption
Malnutrition
The state of health that occurs when the body is improperly nourished is called _____
Eating something toxic Drinking excessive amounts of alcohol Hormonal changes during pregnancy
Vomiting can be a response to which of the following options?
Navy beans Nuts
Which non-meat food sources are also classified in the protein group?
Do not trust information on websites that do not indicate valid sources Search multiple websites Avoid websites that provide online diagnoses and treatment
Which of the following are ways to be careful consumer of nutrition information from the Internet?
A procedure designed to eliminate error Testing a scientific question in order to draw an evidence-based conclusion
Which of the following best describes the scientific method?
Liver Fat Muscles
You can store large amounts of energy in your
Nutrition
_____ is the study of how the body uses nutrients
Cells
_____ require the nutrients in food to perform their metabolic activities
Structure/function claim
A _____ describes the role a nutrient plays in maintaining a structure of the body or promoting a normal body function
Double-blind study
A _____ is a study in which neither the researchers nor the participants know who is in the treatment or control groups
Smallest functional unity in the body
A cell is the _____
Registered dietitian (RD) Registered dietitian nutritionist (RDN)
A college-trained health-care professional who has extensive knowledge of foods and nutrition is called a
9
A gram of fat contains _____ kcalories
Experiment
A researcher is interested in investigating whether calcium can be absorbed as well in children with dairy allergies. To test this scientific question, the researcher should conduct a(n) _____
Crust - Grains Sausage - Protein foods Cheese - Dairy Tomato sauce - Vegetable
A slice of pizza is made with a wheat flour crust, tomato sauce, cheese, and sausage crumblies. Match the food with the food group it belongs to.
A peptic ulcer
A sore that occurs in the lining of the upper GI tract is called _____
Treatment
A subject or animal in a scientific experiment who receives a non-placebo drug is a member of the _____ group
Has experience in the application of scientific methodology Is usually a registered dietitian Has extensive college coursework in nutrition, food science, and chemistry
A true nutrition expert _____
Is usually a registered dietitian Has experience in the application of scientific methodology Has extensive college coursework in nutrition, food science, and chemistry
A true nutrition expert _____
1/4 cup regular tofu 1 egg
According to MyPlate, which of the following are one-ounce equivalents from the protein food group?
Capillary network
Amino acids,minerals and glucose are water soluble and thus enter the _____ of the villus and are eventually transported to the liver by the portal vein
Megadose
An amount of a vitamin or mineral that greatly exceeds the recommended amount is generally known as a(n) _____
.com site
An example of an internet website that might contain biased nutrition information is a
Omnivore
An organism that can digest and absorb nutrients from plants, animals, bacteria and fungi is a/an _____
Stomach
Chyme is formed in the _____
Digestion, Absorption
Most nutrient _____ and _____ occurs in the small intestine
ATP
Much of the energy released by catabolic reactions are captured in the form of _____
True
Not all food processing harms a food, in fact some processes makes a food safer and more convenient to eat True False
Chylomicron
Prior to their absorption, intestinal absorptive cells package water-insoluble nutrients, like fatty acids, into _____
ATP
The "energy currency" of our cells is _____
Those under the age of 2
The Dietary Guidelines for America are appropriate for all populations except for:
Whole
The Dietary Guidelines recommend that the grains you choose are made with _____ grains
Indicates the % Daily Value of some food constituents Indicates serving amounts Lists certain food constituents
The Nutrition Facts panel
Nutrition professional
The U.S. Department of Agriculture or www.quackwatch,org are examples of sites in which you can obtain credential information about a _____
False
True or False: Most foods contain predominantly one nutrient
Poor diet
Type 2 diabetes, stroke and heart disease are chronic diseases caused by:
Organ
Various tissues that function in a related fashion combine together to form a/an _____
Produces bile Makes cholesterol Produces new cells and repairs damaged cells
Which of the following are functions of the liver?
Water Fats
Which of the following are the major classes of essential nutrients?
Experiment
As soda intake increases, so does the prevalence of ADHD in children. Researchers could conduct an _____ to learn more about the relationship between soda and ADHD
Empty-calorie
Beer is similar to sugary foods in that they are both considered _____ foods.
Gallbladder
Bile is stored in the _____
3 to 5 hours
How long does it take for chyme to move through the small intestine?
Organic
Meat from animals raised without the use of hormones or antibiotics can be labeled: _____
Generating energy Eliminating waste products Making proteins
Metabolic reactions are involved in:
1. Cell 2. Tissue 3. Organ 4. Organ system
Rank the levels of organization in the body from the simplest to the most complex
1. Duodenum 2. Jejunum 3. Ileum
Rank the sections of the small intestine in order as they appear in the GI tract
1. make observations that generate questions 2. formulate a scientific question 3. develop research experiments 4. analysis of research and interpretation 5. draw conclusions 6. peer review/ publishing
Scientific Method
Dietetics Nutrition Food
Select the topics for which a registered dietitian would have extensive knowledge
First
Since the _____ Amendment to the U.S. Constitution guarantees freedom of the press and speech, people can provide false nutrition information without repercussions
EAR
Since the _____ only meets the needs of 50% of the population, it should not be used to judge the adequacy of your daily intake
They lack nutrition knowledge
Some Americans consume a nutritionally poor diet because _____
They enter other parts of your body They contaminate food
Some kinds of intestinal bacteria may be harmful when
Chemical digestion Mechanical digestion
The process of digestion involves which two types?
Water
Which nutrient comprises the largest percentage of the body of a healthy man or woman?
Grains Fruits Vegetables Protein Dairy
Which of following food groups are addressed by the MyPlate?
Stroke Diabetes Heart Disease
Which of the following are examples of life-threatening and chronic diseases that result from poor diet?
Cancer Heart Disease
Which of the following are the top two leading causes of death in the US?
To promote adequate nutritional status and good health, and to reduce the risk of major nutrition-related, chronic health conditions
Which statement best summarizes the purpose of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans?
Nutrient-dense
Which term describes a food or beverage that supplies a large amount of beneficial nutrients, such as vitamins and minerals, in relation to its energy value?
Energy density
Which term describes the energy value of a food in relation to the food's weight?
Minerals Vitamins
Which two nutrients do not provide energy for the body?
Carbohydrate Protein
Which two nutrients provide the same amount of energy per gram (kcal/g)
D
Which vitamin(s) is/are required to be placed on the Nutrition Facts panel?
Little or no calcium High amount of fat
Why are cream cheese, cream and butter not considered part of the dairy group?
Enrichment
_____ is the process of replacing some of the nutrients that were lost during a raw food's refinement
Nutrient content
A product label on soap describes the food as being "low-fat." This is an example of a _____ claim
Carbohydrate - 45-65% Protein - 10-35% Fat - 20-35%
Match the macronutrient with its AMDR
Malnutrition
What is the state of health when the body is improperly nourished, including under- and overnutrition
Fruits may contain varying amounts of the same nutrients Certain fruits contain different amounts of micronutrients
Why is it critical to consume a variety of fruits on a daily basis?
Macronutrients
_____ are needed by our body in relatively large amounts on a daily basis
Protein digesting enzymes damaging the stomach or intestine A failure of the mucus layer to protect stomach or intestinal tissue Hydrochloric acid damaging stomach or intestinal tissue
A peptic ulcer can be caused by
Lifestyle
A person's way of living is called their _____
A risk factor
A personal characteristic that increases a person's chances of developing a disease is called _____.
1 egg 1/4 cup cooked dry beans 1 ounce meat
In the protein group, the standard serving size is equivalent to
2
In the vegetable group, 2 cup(s) of raw uncooked leafy greens is equivalent to one standard serving
Free radicals
Many phytochemicals function as antioxidants, protecting body cells from the effects of _____
True
Many popular dietary supplements are not helpful and may even be harmful True False
Peer review
The expert critical analysis of research article before it is published is known as _____
Control
The participants in an experiment who are given fake treatment that is as similar as possible to the actual treatment but does not have any affect is known as the _____ group
Gastroesophageal sphincter
The symptoms of heartburn are often caused by a failure of the _____ to close properly
25
To be labeled as "reduced," the product contains less than _____% of the fat per serving than the reference food
How to evaluate nutrition information
What motivates the promoter of a product? Are they more interested in your health or in selling the product? In the source of scientific information from a peer-reviewed journal? These questions are all examples of
Surveys
_____ are often used to collect information about personal and family medical history and health behaviors
Metabolism
_____ includes chemical reactions that release energy from macronutrients, make proteins, and eliminate waste products
Registered dietitian
_____ is a legally protected term that validates an individual's credentials by confirming that they have met the nationally established standards.
A testimonial
_____ is a personal endorsement of a product for which people are usually paid for its use in an advertisement
Constipation
_____ is present when feces are dry and difficult or painful to eliminate
The American Dairy Council funds a researcher study the absorption rate of calcium in cow's milk as compared to almond milk
Which of the following situations poses a risk of conflict of interest/research bias?
Elevated cholesterol Cigarette smoking
Which of the following were risk factors for heart disease identified by the Framingham Heart Study?
Butter
Which of the following would not be classified with oils?
Scientists change their recommendations in light of new research findings
Why do nutrition recommendations change?
Clerks may not understand the interaction between multiple supplements Clerks are not always certified to provide dietary advice
Why should a consumer be skeptical when shopping at a commercial supplement store?
An organ system
A group of organs that work together for a similar purpose is _____
A blockage of bile flow into the small intestine
A negative consequence of having gallstones can be
Viral infections Bacterial infections
Diarrhea often results from which two causes
Choosing nutrient-dense foods Limiting serving sizes
Dietary moderation can be achieved by
Minerals
Empty-calorie foods are not a good source of vitamins or _____
Perform work
Energy is defined as the capacity to _____
Proteins
Enzymes are _____ that can help in the breakdown of large substances
Whole
Fiber is found in diets that are rich in _____ grains, rather than refined grains
Bacteria Viruses
Foods are bad for you if they contain which two substances that can cause food-borne illness?
Seven
How many kilocalories are in one gram of alcohol?
Genetic susceptibility
In a population study it is important to determine what is influenced by environment versus a person's _____, or inherited traits, in the development of a disease
Tip - Sweet Sides - Salty/sour Rear - Bitter
Match the area of the tongue with the specific taste to which it is particularly sensitive
Lard Shortening Butter
Select foods that are classified as solid fats
Canned peaches Dried apricots Applesauce
Select foods that are included in the fruit group
Estimated Energy Requirement (EER)
The average daily energy intake that meets the needs of a healthy person maintaining his or her weight is called the _____
Organ system
The digestive system is an example of an _____
The 2000-kcal diet allows easy comparison among similar foods People requiring more or less than 2000-kcal must make the necessary adjustment They are based on a 2000-kcal diet
The percentage of Daily Values are applied to the Nutrition Facts label in which of the following ways?
Question
The second step in the scientific method is developing a _____
Health claim
The statement "fiber may lower cholesterol" on a box of Cheerios is an example of a _____
Choose a variety of nutrient-dense foods
To help ensure all of the essential nutrients are received from a diet, one should _____
Portal vein
Water soluble nutrients are transported from the GI tract to the liver by the _____
Process foods into nutrients Transport nutrients into blood or lymph
Which of the following are two functions of the digestive system?
Ice cream Soda Pizza
Which of the following are types of foods included in the empty calorie allowance?
Ethnic background Religious beliefs Mood
Which of the following factors are likely to influence a person's food choices?
Potassium Sodium Vitamin D
Which of the following nutrients are required on the Nutrition Facts panel?
They are protein-rich
Which of the following sets beans and peas apart from the rest of the vegetable group?
Your best friend telling you about the EAS creatine that increased muscle development
Which of the following would be considered an anecdote?
Meeting daily intake recommendations is essential
A major difference in the body's storage of vitamins B & C and vitamin D is that with vitamins B & C
Essential
A nutrient that cannot be made by the body or is not produced in great enough amounts to meet needs and therefore must be supplied by food is considered _____
Dietary supplement
Any product that is taken by mouth and supplements the diet by increasing total intake is known as a(n) _____
Nutrients
As a marketing tool directed toward health-conscious consumers, food manufacturers may promote products as having benefits and high amounts of _____
Classes of nutrients
Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water are all _____
Tissues
Cells that have similar characteristics join together into larger masses are called _____
Herbs Vitamins Amino acids
Choose the components that may be found in a dietary supplement
Rectum Colon
Colorectal cancer starts in the
Low
Constipation can be caused by a diet that is _____ in fiber and water
gastroesophageal reflux disease
Frequent acid reflux can be symptoms of _____
Liver
Functions such as making glucose and bile acids, storing various nutrients and detoxifying harmful substances are performed by the _____
Can block the passageway from the gallbladder to the duodenum Are formed from cholesterol
Gallstones
Placebo
Generally, a fake medicine or treatment used to disguise the treatments given to the participants in an experiment is called a(n) _____
Individuals who teach nutrition classes Individuals who conduct nutrition research
How can you identify nutrition experts at the college or university level?
Advertisements
It is unlikely that a peer reviewed article would contain
Chemotherapy - Uses drugs to kill cancer cells Biological therapy - Involves antibodies that bind to cancer cells, interfering with the cells' ability to grow and spread Radiation therapy - Uses high-energy rays to kill cancer cells Surgery - Removes the diseases area of the large intestine
Match the colorectal treatment name with its description
Mouth - Major site of mechanical digestion Stomach - Muscular sac that can hold up to 4 cups of food Small intestine - Major site of chemical digestion and absorption Large intestine - Elimination of waste products
Match the digestive organ with its function
Iron - Nausea, vomiting, constipation, diarrhea, dark-stool Calcium - Increase the risk of kidney stones Selenium - Gastrointestinal upsets, hair loss, fatigue, irritability
Match the mineral with the megadose side effect
Carbohydrate - Source of energy (Most forms) Lipid - Necessary for the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins Protein - Production of structural and functional components Water - Regulation of body temperature
Match the nutrient with the appropriate function
Niacin - Facial Flushing, itchy skin, and liver damage Vitamin B6 - Severe nerve damage, nausea, and heartburn Vitamin C - Intestinal upset and diarrhea Vitamin A - Birth defects and even death Vitamin D - Heart rhythm irregularities, kidney damage, disorientation, and confusion
Match the vitamin with the megadose side effect
The bloodstream and the lymphatic system
Nutrients and other substances that are taken up by the digestive tract during absorption may enter directly into _____
Organic nutrients
Nutrients that have a carbon in their chemical structures are called _____
Water
Of all the nutrients, which is considered to be the most essential to support life?
Chyme
Once food enters the stomach and is mixed with gastric juice, the churning action of the stomach transforms it into a semisolid liquid called _____
40kcal - 10g carbohydrate 45kcal - 5g fat 16kcal - 4g protein
One serving of a food provides 10 g carbohydrate, 5 g fat, and 4 g protein. Match the number of kilocalories provided from each macronutrient in one serving of this food
Placebo effect
Optimism that a treatment will improve a health condition that alters accurate reporting of results by the study participant is known as the _____
Nutrients
Our body needs ______, found in foods, to function properly
Empty calorie
Pastries, sugar-sweetened beverages, snack chips, and candies may be considered _____ foods.
1. Mouth 2. Esophagus 3. Stomach 4. Small intestine 5. Large intestine
Place the major organs of the digestive tract in the correct order
Mice and rats
Researchers often conduct experiments using _____, which are inexpensive to house in laboratories and whose food and other living conditions can be carefully controlled.
Cause and effect between herbal supplement use and percent body fat cannot be established
Results from a population study that as a population's intake of herbal supplements increases, percent body fat also increase across the population. Which statement correctly describes the conclusion that can be drawn from these results?
List of ingredients Servings per container Saturated fat
What information should be listed on a Nutrition Facts panel?
5kcal
What is the kilocalorie difference between one gram of fat and one gram of carbohydrate?
Tolerable Upper Intake Level
What is the maximum average daily intake of a nutrient that is unlikely to cause adverse health effects in most people?
deficiency
When a nutrient is missing or deficient in the diet, a _____ disease develops
Toxicity disorder
When a person regularly consumes amounts of a nutrient that exceed its UL, they may be at an increased risk of _____
Phytochemicals
When compared to plant foods, nutrient supplements do not contain a wide variety of _____
Weight Surveys Height
When investigating a research question across a population, researchers rely on what type of data measures?
White bread
Which food does NOT contribute to acid reflux?
Ask questions about the source of the nutrition information Do not believe everything you read or hear about nutrition Examine the scientific credentials of the individual or company making a claim
Which of the following are appropriate suggestions to help consumers be more critical of nutrition-related information or products?
Endocrine system Digestive system Cardiovascular system
Which of the following are examples of organ systems?
Money back guarantees for a product Recommendations from a single study Testimonials and anecdotes of effectiveness
Which of the following are potential red flags for acquiring information
Taking high doses of dietary supplements containing vitamins and/or minerals
You can develop health problems by _____
Scientific journal
A type of printed media that focuses on detailed scientific research rather than short articles and advertisements is a _____
Diet Lifestyle Environment
Identify non-inherited factors that contribute to a person's overall health and may influence the outcome of population-wide studies
Smoking cigarettes
Identify the lifestyle choice that can negatively impact health and increase risk of chronic disease.
Neither the participants nor the researchers
In a double-blind research study, _____ are aware of who is in the control treatment groups
Receive the treatment that is being evaluated
In a research study, members of the treatment group _____
Energy dense
In general, because they are concentrated sources of energy, high fat foods are _____
Eat a variety of "whole" and minimally processed foods
In order to obtain nutrients and phytochemicals in your diet, you should _____
Folic acid Riboflavin Iron
In the United States, which of these nutrients are added back to refined grain cereal products during enrichment?
Regular soft drinks - Water, fat -free or low-fat milk, or 100% fruit juice Fatty meats such as bacon, sausage, and hot dogs - Chicken, turkey, fish; lean meats such as ground round Chocolate chip or cream-filled cookies - Oatmeal cookies of fresh fruit
Match the foods you might normally eat with the healthy replacement
Scare tactic
Saying that a company is hiding information about a cure that will help you is an example of a _____
Herbs Minerals Enzymes
Select ingredients a dietary supplement may contain
The results may be analyzed in different ways The study designs may be different Subjects in the two studies may have different lifestyle and dietary habits
Select reasons why two researchers can investigate the same question but end up with conflicting results
Proteins Carbohydrates Fats
Select the nutrients we consume from foods and beverages that can be metabolized for energy
Not overeating at mealtimes Losing excess weight Taking antacids
Select the strategies that can help manage gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
Framingham Heart
The _____ Study of 1949 is one of the most well known studies examining the relation between various personal characteristics and health outcomes
MyPyramid Plan
The _____ inspired the development of other food pyramids for people who don't follow the Western diet
Fortification
The addition of calcium to orange juice is an example of _____
1/2
The standard serving size in the fruit group is equivalent to _____ cup of dried fruit
Dietary Reference Intakes
To prevent disease, achieve optimal health, and reduce the risk of nutrient deficiencies nutrition experts have established the:
Oils
To which group do avocados, nuts, and olives belong
Regulating nutrition-related claims on product labels Regulating health-related claims on product labels
Which of the following are functions of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)?
Make at least half of your grains whole grains Consume less than 10% of daily energy intake from added sugars Achieve or maintain a healthy body weight
Which of the following are key recommendations of the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines?
Lifestyle Food preferences Budget
Which of the following are recommended characteristics to consider when individualizing a person's diet?
Investigating complaints about false or misleading health claims in advertising Enforcing consumer protection laws
Which of the following are responsibilities of the Federal Trade Commission (FTC)?
It may be biased in favor of a product without being based on scientific facts
Your best friend Sarah just purchased a weight loss product because the testimonials on the TV ad reported a 20-pound weight loss in 20 days. What would you tell her about the TV ad?
Micronutrients
_____ are needed in very small amounts for the body to function properly