HUN 2201 Chapter 15

Which of the following is an appropriate treatment for adolescent acne?

13-cis-retinoic acid

About how many American children experience food insecurity and hunger?

16 million

Food insecurity and hunger affects about this many American children.

16 million

Which of the following snacks is appropriate for toddlers?

2 tablespoons of mashed banana and 1/2 cup of whole milk

Because they are still growing and developing, children need to consume a diet providing at least what percentage of total energy from fat?

25% of total energy

Janie is three years old. What serving size of mashed pinto beans would you recommend for her?

3 tablespoons

During adolescence, girls and boys gain an average of

35 and 45 pounds, respectively.

The body's need for which of the following micronutrients decreases with age? iron vitamin D calcium vitamin C

?iron? (Book says: In addition to the benefits of vitamin D and calcium , intakes of vitamins A, C, and K, phosphorous, magnesium, fluoride, and protein are recognized as influencing bone density.)

The research suggesting that Calorie restriction can improve human health and extend the human life span is preliminary.

?true? (I don't understand this question)

Adolescents need proper nutrition to support their still-growing bodies. However, many adolescents choose and/or purchase much of their own foods. These choices may be influenced by convenience, cost, body image concerns, their peers, or the media. Choose the statement about nutritional concerns during adolescence that is not correct. Both male and female adolescents are at risk for developing eating disorders. Both cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption may interfere with proper nutrient metabolism. A low glycemic load diet may reduce the incidence and severity of acne in teens. Due to the influences of their peers and the media, as well as the availability of inexpensive fast foods, adolescents are at risk for excessive weight gain. Adolescents generally consume recommended amounts of vegetables and fruits, but not whole grains.

Adolescents generally consume recommended amounts of vegetables and fruits, but not whole grains. (The inclination towards cheap, convenient foods often results in a lack of nutrient-dense choices, especially vegetables, fruits, and whole grains, by adolescents. Making healthful, prepared snacks readily available can improve their intakes.)

A child's family and school environments can heavily influence behaviors related to eating and physical activity. Many different approaches can be taken to ensure these influences are positive. Choose all the statements below that describe effective strategies to prevent childhood obesity. Parents should only encourage their children to engage in vigorous and competitive sports (e.g., hockey, basketball, or gymnastics) since these require the children to expend more energy than less intense, noncompetitive activities (e.g., hiking, walking, and yoga). Engaging children in food shopping and meal preparation is not recommended because these activities place too much emphasis on eating and food and may lead to overeating. Children attending schools that offer garden-based learning may be more likely to increase their intake of fruits and vegetables. To increase self-efficacy, young children should be given the responsibility of choosing and preparing their own snacks. By eating a healthy diet and regularly engaging in physical activity, parents model obesity-prevention behaviors that children are likely to mimic.

Children attending schools that offer garden-based learning may be more likely to increase their intake of fruits and vegetables. By eating a healthy diet and regularly engaging in physical activity, parents model obesity-prevention behaviors that children are likely to mimic. (Childhood obesity is a growing problem, but there are many strategies that can help reduce its likelihood. Parents can involve children in meal planning and preparation, offer a variety of healthful choices, and encourage physical activity at home and at school.)

You are concerned that your 14-year-old cousin Devin might not be meeting her calcium needs (1300 mg/day) because she does not like milk. Today you note that she eats the following calcium-containing foods and beverages: • Breakfast: an 8-ounce container of nonfat yogurt with 450 mg calcium • Lunch: a vegetarian sandwich with one slice of swiss cheese with 225 mg calcium and 1/2 cup of calcium-fortified orange juice (300 mg/cup = 150 mg) • Afternoon snack: calcium-fortified energy bar with 350 mg calcium • Dinner: 1 cup cooked broccoli (95 mg calcium/cup) and 2/3 cup of calcium-fortified soy milk (300 mg/cup = 200 mg) Part A Did Devin meet her calcium RDA today?

Devin did meet her calcium RDA (1,328mg)

Limiting sugary drinks in children's diets is important only once their permanent teeth have erupted.

False

Multivitamin/mineral supplements should never be given to toddlers.

False

Being overweight and underweight are both concerning for older adults. Each is associated with unique health risks and may affect an older adult's quality of life. Choose the correct statement below about overweight and underweight in older adults. Older adults with dementia tend to gain weight. For older adults, being underweight may actually be more risky than being overweight. In the United States, about 20% of older adults are classified as obese. Thanks to advances in dental care, it is uncommon for older adults to lose weight due to problems with their teeth.

For older adults, being underweight may actually be more risky than being overweight. (Both overweight and underweight can affect health and mortality, and both can be mitigated with good diet and lifestyle interventions.)

Which of the following statements about feeding toddlers is TRUE?

If a toddler tastes an unfamiliar food and then refuses to eat the rest of it, you should praise the toddler for at least trying.

Older adults have unique challenges in terms of their nutrient needs and physiological changes. Some changes may make it difficult to consume a healthful diet, so it is important to identify strategies to help overcome these obstacles. From the list below, choose all the correct statements about changes in older adults. In older adults with dysphagia, foods like creamy soups, applesauce, and yogurt are usually well tolerated. With age, taste and visual perception decline. Poor vision can make it difficult for older adults to get to a supermarket, and to prepare meals. Lean body mass increases in older adults. As people age, salivary production increases.

In older adults with dysphagia, foods like creamy soups, applesauce, and yogurt are usually well tolerated. With age, taste and visual perception decline. Poor vision can make it difficult for older adults to get to a supermarket, and to prepare meals. (Adults may experience a decrease in taste, smell, vision, and mobility, all of which can make it difficult to meet their nutrient needs.)

Which of the following does NOT contribute to the high iron needs of adolescents?

Iron, in girls, is lost because of menstruation.

Preschool and school-age children continue to grow and explore new interests. It is important to provide adequate energy and nutrients, while helping them establish healthful habits. Choose all the statements below that correctly describe the nutrient needs of preschool and school-age children. Preschool and school-age children have higher protein requirements per kilogram of body weight than do toddlers. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that children meet their fluid needs with beverages that do not contain caffeine or added sugars. Because most children in the United States consume at least 3 servings of dairy per day, most meet the DRI for calcium. It is important that the diets of preschool and school-age children provide enough energy to support their growth and daily activities, but not so much as to cause excess weight gain. It is appropriate for preschool children to drink 1% fat milk instead of whole milk.

It is important that the diets of preschool and school-age children provide enough energy to support their growth and daily activities, but not so much as to cause excess weight gain. It is appropriate for preschool children to drink 1% fat milk instead of whole milk. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that children meet their fluid needs with beverages that do not contain caffeine or added sugars. (Preschool and school-age children experience a gradual, steady rate of growth. Parents should continue offering nutritious foods and encourage good habits. This may include providing opportunities for physical activity and limiting caffeine and excess sugar.)

Which of the following is NOT an appropriate weight control recommendation for an overweight 11-year-old?

Place the child on a medically approved very low-energy diet.

As toddlers start exploring the world around them, their diet must support their rate of growth and activity. Their dietary needs include adequate calories, macronutrients, micronutrients, and fluid. Choose the correct statement about nutrient needs of toddlers. Toddlers' energy needs per kilogram of body weight are greater than that of infants. To ensure that toddlers meet their high carbohydrate requirements, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends no restriction on fruit juice intake between the ages of 1 and 6 years. The most common nutrient deficiency in young children is iron deficiency. As infants enter the toddler stage, they no longer require dietary intake of the unsaturated fatty acids arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).

The most common nutrient deficiency in young children is iron deficiency. (Iron deficiency can affect energy, attention span, and a child's ability to learn. Highly absorbable heme iron is found in meat, poultry, and fish. When providing sources of nonheme iron like beans or vegetables, absorption is improved by providing a source of vitamin C at the same time.)

Reduced-fat milk should not be given to children until the age of 2.

True

A child with a body mass index (BMI) __________ is considered obese.

at or higher than the 95th percentile for age and gender (35 for class 2, 40 for class 3)

To achieve peak bone capacity in adolescence, adequate __________ intakes are critical.

calcium

In classifying children's weight, the CDC refers to a BMI greater than or equal to 40 as

class 3 obesity.

Eating disorders do not occur in adolescent boys.

false

What nutrient is added to municipal water supplies to promote healthy teeth formation?

flouride

This is a recommended way to benefit from supplement use.

follow healthcare-provider advice

An elevated level of blood sodium is called

hypernatremia.

By following federal standards, school meals improve

improve the quality of foods available to children.

Inadequate consumption of which of the following causes the most common nutrient deficiency in young children?

iron

On average, Americans have a life expectancy that extends into the

late seventies. (78.8)

The period of life when secondary sex characteristics develop and people are able to reproduce is called

puberty

This is a helpful rule when introducing a toddler to a new food.

reintroduce it again in a few weeks

Which of the following is NOT a physiological change that typically occurs as a person ages?

shift in body fat storage from visceral to subcutaneous tissues

Girls gain more body fat through adolescence than do boys.

true

Maintaining an energy-restricted diet that is high in nutrients requires significant planning and preparation of most of your own meals.

true

Research suggests that intermittent fasting and alternate-day fasting produce beneficial metabolic changes similar to those of Calorie restriction.

true

Which nutrient deficiency can contribute to a decreased sense of smell?

zinc