HY 101 Exam 1 Pictures

Pharaoh

A king of ancient Egypt (Kings of the New Kingdom) EXAMPLE: [3-35] Death mask of Tutankhamen Egyptian

Epic of Gilgamesh

A long poem in cuneiform that tells of a Sumerian hero. relates the adventures of a powerful but egotistical king whose arrogance leads him to offend the gods

Book of the Dead

An anthology of prayers, poems, and similar texts collected during the Egyptian Middle Kingdom (2035-1640 bce). Placed in the coffin, was believed to allow the deceased to enter paradise.

Socrates

Asked a lot of questions aimed toward ultimate truths, convicted and forced to commit suicide

722

Assyrians conquer Israel

Pericles

Athens's political leader during Greece's Golden Age

586

Babylonians conquer Judah

Ma'at

Concept of cosmic order in ancient Egypt in which everything is in perfect balance; includes the notions of meaning, justice, and truth, although in a passive sense, asking people not to upset divine harmony by attempting to alter the political and religious order.

Hieroglyphics

Egyptian system based on a combination of pictograms and phonetic symbols

3,500 BCE

Emergence of towns and city-state, cuneiform

480-404

End of Persian wars; Athenian "classical" age, and Empire

Philip of Macedon

Father of Alexander the great , was assasinated

Aristotle

Father was a physician, extensive work on logic, foundational for all of the rest of western civilization until 19th century

Sappho

From Lesbos, homoerotic poet

Homer

Greece's first and most famous author, who composed The Iliad and The Odyssey.

1,750

Hammurabi

Achilles

Hero, "Achilles Heel", He dragged Hector around the walls of Troy.

750

Homer's Iliad; the emergence of Greek city-states; Phoenician expansion

Knossos (Minoans)

In 1899 a British archeologist, Sir Arthur Evans (1851-1941), unearthed a magnificent palace complex here

500

Jews return from exile, rebuild the temple; Diaspora

2,500-1,200

Minoans and Mycenaeans ("Palace Cultures")

Mask of Agamemnon

Mycenaean 1550-1500 BC found in Grave Circle A by Heinrich Schileman thin gold leaf hammered over wood eyes are slight opened and present and closed associated with life and death F

Acropolis

Neolithic tribesman built a fort atop the rocky hill known as the Acropolis

Lugal

Old Sumerian title of city-state kings in Mesopotamia.

Treasure of Priam (definition)

On that level of troy, they find a caldron that is filled with the most exquisite kinds of jewelry

431-404

Peloponnesian war

336-323

Reign of Alexander the Great

1,000

Reigns of David and Solomon; growth of Jerusalem

Dionysus

Roman name - Bacchus. He is the god of wine and parties

Linear A

Script used by Minoan culture on ancient Crete. Its underlying language has not been identified, and hence the script has not been deciphered.

Code of Hammurabi

Set of laws and texts distributed throughout the Babylon empire. engraved upon an eight-foot column of basalt

ziggurat

Sumerian pyramid-like mounds atop which stood lavishly decorated temples that served as the earthly home of the god or goddess

Linear B

Syllabic script used by ancient Mycenaeans in Crete. Its underlying language is an early dialect of Greek, and the script was deciphered by 1953.

Alexander the Great

The Macedonian king whose conquest of the Persian Empire led to the greatly increased cultural interactions of Greece and the Middle East in the Hellenistic Age

Aeschylus

The earliest complete plays that have come down to us are seven dramas by him, who is often described as the father of tragedy

Pergamum

The capital of Attalids. had an amphitheater that could seat ten thousand and a library that contained 200,000 volumes

Nile

The longest river in the world running through Egypt

Delian League

This was created when Athens urged the creation of a military alliance of all the poleis, one dedicated to maintaining a strong defense and, if possible, even pressing the offensive into Persian territory

Plato

Wrote down all of what happened with Socrates, Socrates apprentice, ideal ruler was philosopher king

Seleucids

a member of a Greek dynasty ruling Syria and at various times other Asian territories from 312 b.c. to 64 b.c.

Alexandria

a port city located on the Mediterranean Sea in northern Egypt founded in 331 BCE by Alexander the Great

Cuneiform

a sophisticated Sumerian system of ideograms, which represent concepts, and phonograms, or marks indicating syllabic phonetic values

Stoics

appealed more to the Romans, Among philosophers the most prominent Roman Stoics were the tragedian, essayist, and statesman

Heinrich Schliemann

dedicated three decades to the search for the palace of King Agamemnon and the ancient city of Troy.

The Iliad

describes aspects of the era known as Greece's "Dark Age" (ca. 1200-750 bce), which separated Homer's world from Agamemnon's.

Epicureans

fond of or adapted to luxury or indulgence in sensual pleasures, a disciple or student of the Greek philosopher Epicurus.

Ptolemies

hired geographers and cartographers to search out and map new overland trade routes into Arabia, Ethiopia, and Nubia.

Antigonids

invested in canals and a vastly expanded fleet of ships that was able to trade with Spain and Britain

Agamemnon

king of Mycenae and leader of the Greek army in the Trojan War of Homer's Illiad. He is presented as a great warrior but selfish ruler, famously upsetting his invincible champion Achilles and so prolonging the war and suffering of his men.

Comedy

on the other hand, indulged not only the desire for merriment but also the urge to make fun of someone. We know of comic playwrights from many poleis, but the overwhelming number of surviving plays and fragments come from Athens

Nomarch

reported to a central official called a vizier, oversaw all public- works projects, coordinated food distribution, heard appeals, and dispensed justice

Mystery Cults

secret rituals for small groups of individuals practicing various secret rights

Sophists

specialized in packaging ideas rather than in producing anything original, In Greece in the 5th century bce, a group of thinkers who traveled from city to city teaching rhetoric and philosophy.

Peloponnesian War

the Greeks' Golden Age ended with the disastrous war between Athens and Sparta known as the (431-404 bce),

Polis

the ancient greek city-state

Nome

the first organized states emerged as regional groupings. Eventually coalesced into larger units, until finally, around 3150 bce, the entire kingdom was unified under a single ruler. administered by a nomarch appointed by the king

Hoplites were

the military ideal of ancient Greece and were recruited from the wealthy middling ranks of society, particularly the farmers wore a breastplate and helmet, had a short sword at his belt, and carried a round shield and a thrusting spear. By combining their weight and momentum, they made up a powerful force

Parthenon

the name of an acropolis in Athens, Greece very iconic

Phalanx

the notion of groups of foot soldiers holding tight formation as a block, eight horizontal lines of ten to twenty men each, who stood shoulder to shoulder and moved as a single unit

Arete

the quality of excellence that results from refinement and testing universal standards

Koine

the same dialect used by the New Testament authors, which made his teachings more readily accessible to early Christians

Mycenae

this city, according to tradition was ruled by the legendary king Agamemnon.

Hubris

typical flaw in a powerful character's personality that leads to his downfall

Troy

was an ancient city located at Hisarlik in present-day Turkey

Papyrus

what the Egyptians made their paper out of