HY 101 Exam #2

Cleopatra

(31 B.C.) - She was the queen of Egypt known as a Ptolemaic ruler. She became queen when her dad died and she and her brother was not old enough to rule. She and Julius Caesar had an affair and they had a child together and named it Caesarion. Caesar and Cleopatra may have wanted to rule together but he was assassinated before they got the chance. Later she became married to Marc Antony which was supposed to be a peace maker between Rome and Egypt and Antony was still going to rule with Octavian. Octavian did not approve and attacked Egypt. Cleopatra and Marc Antony decided to kill themselves rather than having it done by Octavian.

Julius Caesar

100-44 B.C. Roman general who became the republic's dictator in 45 B.C.

3rd Punic War

149 to 146 BC, Carthage destroyed by Rome and survivors made into slaves

Diocletian

284. Forbade Christianity. Divided the empire into 4 parts.

Senate

300 Patricians that served for life

Medieval

500-1000. AKA Dark Ages and Middle Ages.

Islam

632

Praetorian Guard

9000 men who protected Augustus.

Pantheon

A building built in Rome during the reign of Augustus as a temple to all the gods of ancient Rome

Muslim advances

Algebra, chemistry, astronomy, and natural sciences.

Holy Roman Empire

Began when Charlemagne was crowned. 800-1800.

Octavian

Caesar Augustus. Ruled for 45 years. Began the period of Golden Age.

1st Trium

Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus

Hannibal

Carthaginian general

Edict of Milan

Constantine put this into effect. It tolerated Christianity.

2nd Punic War

Defeats Hannibal and took Spain.

Arabian Nights

Described life in Baghdad.

Nero

Destroyed Rome so he could build the Golden House.

Constantine

Edict of Milan. Made Byzantine the capital. 306.

Vikings

Eric the Red

Pope Gregory

First to challenge the king.

Peter

Founded the Roman Catholic Church.

Jutes-Anglo Saxons

From England.

Muhammad

From Mecca.

Visigoths

From Spain.

Cicero

Greatest orator. He documented Roman politics.

Etruscans

In 600 BC set up transportation system.

Martell

Kept Muslims from invading France. Took a stand on Pyrenees Mountains.

Tiberius and Gaius

Land reform.

Romulus Augustus

Last ruler of Western Roman Empire. 476.

Theodosius

Made Christianity the official religion.

Pepin

Martell's son. Crowned by a pope representative.

Pharisees

More liberal than Sadducees.

Hegira

Muhammad's journey to Medina from Mecca.

Rome Expanded

New territory for military. They also took pride in their government&military.

Auxiliaries

Noncitizens who would become citizens after serving for 24 years.

Cordoba

Nucleus of the religion.

2nd Trium

Octavian, Lepidus, and Antony.

Sulla

Roman general and dictator (138-78 BC)

1st Punic War

Rome takes Sicily and Sardenia

Charlemagne

Said he had power over the pope. Reigned for 43 years. Pope Leo III crowned him.

Aachen

School for boys set up by Charlemagne.

Pax Romana

Stable period from 96-180.

Sadducees

Strictly interpreted the Hebrew Law.

Jihad

Struggle against evil.

Mithra

Sun god who the soldiers worshipped.

Roman Republic

The period from 507 to 31 B.C.E., during which Rome was largely governed by the aristocratic Roman Senate.

Interdict

To close church on lord's land.

Consuls

Two officials from the patrician class were appointed each year of the Roman Republic to supervise the government and command the armies

Shiites

Wanted caliph as official leader.

Sunnis

Wanted to elect the leader.

Roman Problems

Widening gap between rich and poor, unemployment, and army leaders had conflict.

Justinian

Wrote "Body of Civil Law"

Livy

Wrote "On the History of Rome"

Augustine

Wrote "True Confessions"

Circus Maximus

a Roman outdoor arena in which public games, such as chariot races, were held