HY 101 Exam #2
Cleopatra
(31 B.C.) - She was the queen of Egypt known as a Ptolemaic ruler. She became queen when her dad died and she and her brother was not old enough to rule. She and Julius Caesar had an affair and they had a child together and named it Caesarion. Caesar and Cleopatra may have wanted to rule together but he was assassinated before they got the chance. Later she became married to Marc Antony which was supposed to be a peace maker between Rome and Egypt and Antony was still going to rule with Octavian. Octavian did not approve and attacked Egypt. Cleopatra and Marc Antony decided to kill themselves rather than having it done by Octavian.
Julius Caesar
100-44 B.C. Roman general who became the republic's dictator in 45 B.C.
3rd Punic War
149 to 146 BC, Carthage destroyed by Rome and survivors made into slaves
Diocletian
284. Forbade Christianity. Divided the empire into 4 parts.
Senate
300 Patricians that served for life
Medieval
500-1000. AKA Dark Ages and Middle Ages.
Islam
632
Praetorian Guard
9000 men who protected Augustus.
Pantheon
A building built in Rome during the reign of Augustus as a temple to all the gods of ancient Rome
Muslim advances
Algebra, chemistry, astronomy, and natural sciences.
Holy Roman Empire
Began when Charlemagne was crowned. 800-1800.
Octavian
Caesar Augustus. Ruled for 45 years. Began the period of Golden Age.
1st Trium
Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus
Hannibal
Carthaginian general
Edict of Milan
Constantine put this into effect. It tolerated Christianity.
2nd Punic War
Defeats Hannibal and took Spain.
Arabian Nights
Described life in Baghdad.
Nero
Destroyed Rome so he could build the Golden House.
Constantine
Edict of Milan. Made Byzantine the capital. 306.
Vikings
Eric the Red
Pope Gregory
First to challenge the king.
Peter
Founded the Roman Catholic Church.
Jutes-Anglo Saxons
From England.
Muhammad
From Mecca.
Visigoths
From Spain.
Cicero
Greatest orator. He documented Roman politics.
Etruscans
In 600 BC set up transportation system.
Martell
Kept Muslims from invading France. Took a stand on Pyrenees Mountains.
Tiberius and Gaius
Land reform.
Romulus Augustus
Last ruler of Western Roman Empire. 476.
Theodosius
Made Christianity the official religion.
Pepin
Martell's son. Crowned by a pope representative.
Pharisees
More liberal than Sadducees.
Hegira
Muhammad's journey to Medina from Mecca.
Rome Expanded
New territory for military. They also took pride in their government&military.
Auxiliaries
Noncitizens who would become citizens after serving for 24 years.
Cordoba
Nucleus of the religion.
2nd Trium
Octavian, Lepidus, and Antony.
Sulla
Roman general and dictator (138-78 BC)
1st Punic War
Rome takes Sicily and Sardenia
Charlemagne
Said he had power over the pope. Reigned for 43 years. Pope Leo III crowned him.
Aachen
School for boys set up by Charlemagne.
Pax Romana
Stable period from 96-180.
Sadducees
Strictly interpreted the Hebrew Law.
Jihad
Struggle against evil.
Mithra
Sun god who the soldiers worshipped.
Roman Republic
The period from 507 to 31 B.C.E., during which Rome was largely governed by the aristocratic Roman Senate.
Interdict
To close church on lord's land.
Consuls
Two officials from the patrician class were appointed each year of the Roman Republic to supervise the government and command the armies
Shiites
Wanted caliph as official leader.
Sunnis
Wanted to elect the leader.
Roman Problems
Widening gap between rich and poor, unemployment, and army leaders had conflict.
Justinian
Wrote "Body of Civil Law"
Livy
Wrote "On the History of Rome"
Augustine
Wrote "True Confessions"
Circus Maximus
a Roman outdoor arena in which public games, such as chariot races, were held