HY 104 Module 1 Reconstruction

Pinckney B.S. Pinchback

1872-73; First black governor; governor of Mississippi

Bargain of 1877

Basically killed Reconstruction; following Hayes' victory; state control in South and transcontinental railroad in Texas

Reconstruction Act of 1867

Divided South into 5 military districts; government to include black men; had to ratify 14th amendment to be granted entry into the Union; RADICAL RECONSTRUCTION BEGINS

Andrew Johnson

Lincoln's VP & successor; Democratic bent; impeached on grounds that he dismissed Secretary of War Stanton despite Congress' refusal to agree

Enforcement Acts

Prohibited the states from discriminating against voters on the basis of race and gave the fed gov power to supersede the state courts and prosecute violations of law Early 1870s

Alabama Claims

Who/What? When? Where? Why?

Carpet Baggers

Who/What? When? Where? Why?

Compromise of 1877

Who/What? When? Where? Why?

Crédit Mobilier

Who/What? When? Where? Why?

Ex parte Milligan

Who/What? When? Where? Why?

Greenbackers

Who/What? When? Where? Why?

Henry Grady

Who/What? When? Where? Why?

Redeemed

Who/What? When? Where? Why?

Scalawags

Who/What? When? Where? Why?

Seward's Folly

Who/What? When? Where? Why?

Sharecroppers

Who/What? When? Where? Why?

Tenure of Office Act

Who/What? When? Where? Why?

The Crop-Lien System

Who/What? When? Where? Why?

The Freedman's Bureau

Who/What? When? Where? Why?

Ulysses S. Grant

Who/What? When? Where? Why?

freedmen

Who/What? When? Where? Why?

13th Amendment

Who/What? Amendment that prohibits slavery and involuntary servitude When? December 1865 Where? Why?

14th Amendment

Who/What? Amendment that protects rights of individuals and ensures due process of law When? 1868 Where? Why?

"Restoration"

Who/What? Johnson's Reconstruction plan When? Summer 1865 (Congress was in recess) Where? Why? offered amnesty to Southerners who would take an oath of allegiance

Ku Klux Klan

Who/What? Organization created by white Southern democrats; terrorist group; mainly targeted Republicans and blacks When? Where? Why? an attempt to intimidate blacks and keep them from voting

15th Amendment

Who/What? Prevents states from denying voting privileges based on person's race (but not on their ability to pass literacy tests, etc) When? 1870 Where? Why?

Social Darwinism

Who/What? Theory that individuals who fail do so because of their own weakness or "unfitness" When? Where? Why?

The Lost Cause

Who/What? View adopted by some Southerners that justified the Confederate cause; viewed Confederate soldiers as noble, Christian warriors; Old South was deemed as period of perfect racial harmony. Made racial segregation seem like an easy way to return to the way things were When? term used after the end of the war Where? The South Why? To justify the Confederate cause and effort in the war

Lincoln's Reconstruction Plan

Who/What? any former Confederate state can re-enter the union once ten percent of its voters from the 1860 election had sworn an oath of loyalty to the federal government, held a constitutional convention, and abolished slavery When? Where? Why?

The Radicals

Who/What? believed in racial equality and harsh terms for former Confederates When? Where? Why?

Black Codes

Who/What? laws which denied African-Americans their civil rights, relegated them to second-class citizenship, and empowered white authorities with the tools necessary to keep them subjugated; basically laws/rules that replaced the word "slave" with "negro" and thus placed them under suppression again. When? Where? Why? white fears of black insurrection and the labor control 'problem'

Wade-Davis Bill

Who/What? required that a majority of those who had voted in the 1860 election swear an "Ironclad" oath of loyalty to the federal government prior to reorganizing state government. The bill also denied the franchise to anyone who had supported the Confederacy willingly. Vetoed by Lincoln. When? 1864 Where? Why?

Civil Rights Act of 1866

made freedmen citizens and extended to them federal protection against intimidation and reprisals; vetoed by Johnson; veto overruled by Congress with 2/3 majority; became law