Hypothalamus Anterior and Posterior Pituitary hormones:

What hormones are released from the posterior pituitary gland?

ADH and Oxytocin

ACTH target organs

Adrenal cortex

The hormones released by the hypothalamus into the hypophyseal portal system control which endocrine gland?

Anterior pituitary gland. The posterior pituitary gland is stimulated to release hormones via neuronal impulses from the hypothalamus.

What happens when there's too much GH as a child? As an adult?

Child- Gigantism Adult - Acromegaly

What happens when there's too little ADH?

Diabetes Insipidus - excessive urinations and excessive excretion of nutrients and electrolytes. Symptoms include polyuria, polyphagia, and polydipsia

LH target organs

Females: Ovaries Males: Testes

What hormones are made by the anterior pituitary gland? Which of these are tropic hormones?

GH, PRL, TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH. Tropic: TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH.

What happens when there's too much PRL? What is one cause?

Gallactorrhea- inappropriate milk production, lack of menses, gynomastea, impotance in males. Cause: opiate abuse.

ADH effects

Increase H2O reabsorption from Kidneys back into blood stream. Increases BV and BP

Long Term effects ACTH production (prolonged stress)

Increased blood pressure, high blood glucose and fat, loss of muscle mass and increased risk of infection.

GH actions

Indirect- stimulates growth by increasing production of insulin like growth factors. Direct-increases nutrients in blood by stimulating liver gluconegenesis and lipolysis. Also increases fat metabolism.

What hormones are made and released by the hypothalamus?

Inhibiting and Releasing Hormones

ADH target organ(s)

Kidneys

GH target organs

Liver, Muscle, Bones and connective tissue

Prolactin (PRL) target organs

Mammary glands

Prolactin effects

Milk production

FSH target organs

Ovaries and testes.

What happens when there's too little GH

Pituitary Dwarfism

Define polyuria, polyphagia, and polydipsia

Polyuria- excessive urine production Polyphagia - excessive hunger Polydipsia - excessive thirst

Oxytocin effects

Stimulate uterine contractions to aid in labor/delivery. Can also stimulate milk ejection.

TSH target organs

Thyroid gland.

FSH effects

Tropic hormone that In males- stimulates spermatogensis. In females-stimulates egg maturation.

LH effects

Tropic hormone that stimulates In females: estrogen and progesterone production In males: testosterone production (testosterone aids in sperm production)

TSH function/effects

Tropic hormone that stimulates normal development of the thyroid gland and hormone production by the thyroid gland. Stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormone.

Oxytocin target organ(s)

Uterus (smooth muscle)

ACTH effects

tropic hormone that promotes the release of hormones (glucocorticoids and mineralcorticoids) that help the body resist stress.