Hypothalamus---Control of the Autonomic Nervous System
The preganglionic parasympathetic neurons sit within.....
A variety of brain stem nuclei and the lower (sacral) spinal cord
The clusters of cell bodies containing the autonomic lower motor neuron cell bodies that lie outside the CNS are called?
Autonomic ganglia
The parasympathetic division is most active during...
Digestion, growth, immune responses, and energy storage, long term
The autonomic nervous system influences its targets (smooth muscles, cardiac muscle, and glands) using a
Disynaptic pathway
The sympathetic division of the ANS induces what?
Fight or flight bodily responses
The sympathetic division is most active during the 4 F's
Fight, flight, fright and (sex), fast term
What 3 types of tissue does the ANS innervate?
Glands, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle
The preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic division lie within the _____________ of the spinal cord
Intermediolateral gray matter
The somatic motor system of the somatic nervous system division of the PNS controls its targets (skeletal muscles) via a
Monosynaptic pathway
Can the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems be stimulated at the same time?
No
The physiological influences of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions generally ________ on another
Oppose
The cell bodies of all the lower motor neurons that are a part of the autonomic nervous system division of the PNS lie where?
Outside the CNS
Lacrimal (tear-producing) glands are innervated (and excited) only by _________ input
Parasympathetic
The axons of which (parasympathetic preganglionic axons or sympathetic preganglionic axons) travel further?
Parasympathetic preganglionic axons travel further
What zone of the hypothalamus controls the autonomic nervous system (ANS)?
Periventricular zone
The neurons in the autonomic ganglia are called
Postganglionic neurons
Postganglionic neurons are driven by
Preganglionic neurons
The parasympathetic division of the ANS induces what?
Rest and digest bodily responses
The axons of the preganglionic parasympathetic neurons travel within (2 things).....
Several cranial nerves as well as the nerves of the sacral spinal cord
Blood vessels of the skin, and the sweat glands, are innervated (and excited) only by ______ axons
Sympathetic
The preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic division that lie within the intermediolateral gray matter of the spinal cord send their axons through the ventral roots of the spinal cord to synapse on postganglionic neurons that lie in the (2 things).......
Sympathetic chain, which lies next to the spinal column OR within collateral ganglia found within the abdominal cavity
Preganglionic axons of the parasympathetic division of the ANS emerge only from...
The brain stem and the lowest (sacral) segments of the spinal cord
Where are the cell bodies of preganglionic neurons found?
The spinal cord and brain stem
Preganglionic axons of the sympathetic division of the ANS emerge only from...
The thoracic and lumbar segments of the middle third of the spinal cord
Whereas the postganglionic lower motor neurons for preganglionic axons of the sympathetic division lie within the sympathetic chain, that lies right next to the spinal column, the postganglionic lower motor neurons for the preganglionic axons of the parasympathetic division lie in parasympathetic ganglia that are located next to, on, or in.....
Their target organs
The preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic division that lie within the intermediolateral gray matter of the spinal cord send their axons through the _______
Ventral roots
The cell bodies of all the lower motor neurons that are a part of the somatic nervous system division of the PNS lie where?
Within the CNS, either in the ventral horn of the spinal cord or the brain stem
