I HUM 202 FINAL
"Dulce et decorum est"
"Gas! GAS! Quick, boys! - An ecstasy of fumbling"
Practice quiz 56 chp 38-40
"Green architecture" is based on all of the following principles EXCEPT - conformance to tradition In her The Feminine Mystique, Betty Friedan asserts that a women's role vis à vis men is a - social construction Two examples of color-field painters are - Helen Frankenthaler - Mark rothko Fill in the blank: According to Marshall McLuhan, the ________ was created by electronic mass media. - global village In literature, the postmodern hero differs from his or her predecessors by - accepting that the search for meaning is never-ending. Jackson Pollock's work can best be labeled as - action painting Which of these movements did NOT define the 60s and 70s as a period of rebellion and agitation for change? - all of these defined the 60s and 70s
International style
(1) the house should be raised on columns to provide for privacy, with only an entrance on the ground level; (2) it should have a flat roof, to be used as a roof garden; (3) it should have an open floor plan; (4) the exterior curtain walls should be freely composed; and (5) the windows should be horizontal ribbons of glass.
Bauhaus
- art school created by architect Walter Gropius in Weimar (1919) - beautiful building, inside and out, inspired from many different styles
Multiplicity and Diversity: Cultures of Liberation and Identity in the 1960s and 1970s: Learning Outcomes
1) Describe black identity and the civil rights movement, and as it is reflected in art. - can be traced back to Harlem Renaissance, sense of cultural awareness, African Americans did not share in the growing wealth and sense of Well-being that marked post war American culture 2) Describe feminism and its influence on art. - the word, woman, has cultural not biological significance - The Dinner Party, by Judy Chicago, over 300 women worked on this painting. Giant triangle table, vagina shape 3) Discuss the Vietnam War and artists' response to it. - antiwar - Slaughterhouse-Five, by Kurt Vonnegut
Paris & The Modern World: Learning Outcomes
1) Describe characteristics and identify the main artists of Cubism, Fauvism, and Futurism. *Fauvism* - a style in art known for its bold application of arbitrary color *Cubism* - developed by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque noted for the geometry of its forms, its fragmentation of the object, and its increasing abstraction *Futurism* - rejected static art and sought to render what they thought of as the defining characteristic of modern urban life - speed. 2) Describe characteristics and identify the main artists of German Expressionism. - Stravinsky, Nijinsky, Diaghilev - Characteristics:combination of Fauve's exploration of color with Nijinsky's choreography of raw primitivism and sexual energy 3) Describe Schoenberg's atonal music. - no home key, "speech song" 4) Outline the origins of cinema. - photos of movement - Lumiere Brothers: movie projector - The Nickelodeon: movies for the masses
The Great War and its Impact: Learning Outcomes
1) Describe the effects of World War I and trench warfare on the European imagination. - depressing 2) Define Dada. - Dada was a movement, an international signifier of negation. - did not mean anything, just as, in the face of war, life itself had come to seem meaningless. 3) Disucss Freudian psychology and its influence on Surrealism. - Freud: humans are driven by a death drive that explains self-destructive and aggressive human behaviors, including war. - Surrealism: a 20th-century avant-garde movement in art and literature which sought to release the creative potential of the unconscious mind, for example by the irrational juxtaposition of images
After the War: Existential Doubt, Artistic Triumph, and the Culture of Consumption: Learning Outcomes
1) Discuss existentialism as a European phenomenon. - existence of God doesn't change anything. Just by existing, people have to choose what is moral 2) Outline the rise of a consumer culture in the U.S., including the significance of television and advertising. 3) Explain the significance of Abstract Expressionism and identify its major artists. - Pollock - De Kooning - action painting (scribbles, madness) 4) Explain the significance of Pop Art as a critique of consumer culture and the emergence of a tension between high and low art. - pop art: refers to any art whose theme was the commodification of culture 5) Describe architecture in the 1950s, particularly that of the international style and the significance of Frank Lloyd Wright's organic architecture. - modern (weird-looking) houses and buildings
"The Waste Land": Learning Outcomes
1) Identify and describe how Eliot's poem reflects the disillusionment and despair of post-war Europe. - see reading response 2) Explain the symbolism of the wasteland both in its universal applicability but also in the way Eliot is quite precise in its particular aspects. - see reading response 3) Discuss one of the ways the wasteland is described is as a desert, a landscape without water. Consider the symbolism of water and its repetition throughout the poem. Pay close attention to the closing section of the poem "What the Thunder Said." - To me it sounds like Elliot is describing a drought, not of water necessarily, but of hope and positivity. World War I forever changed the world, and people had to find a way to adjust. Processing feelings is a part of adjusting to change; people lost so much from the war and they needed to process the feelings of loss and depression. That is what this poem is trying to illustrate; the whole world was trying to adjust to the changes due to World war I.
Color field painting
A technique in abstract painting developed in the 1950s. It focuses on the lyrical effects of large areas of color, often poured or stained onto the canvas. Newman, Rothko, and Frankenthaler painted in this manner.
Celluloid film
A thin flexible sheet of celluloid, coated with a sensitized emulsion of gelatin, and used as a substitute for photographic plates.
Surrealism
An artistic movement that displayed vivid dream worlds and fantastic unreal images
Practice quiz 5: chp 34-37
Arnold Schoenberg created his 12-tone system to - show that every tone was equal to every other Frank Lloyd Wright constructed which of the following? - Falling water - Robbie House The International Style is characterized by - plain geometries and austere design. In 1937, Germany's avant-garde artists were removed from their teaching jobs, and their works, which had been confiscated by the state, were displayed in an exhibition the Nazis called - Degenerate Art Atonal musical composition is characterized by - absence of a home key The Fauves were especially known for the - bold application of unnatural color. Which of the following is NOT true of the skyscraper? - It was perfected by architect Frank Lloyd Wright. The shift from painting "what one sees" to a painting of "what one thinks about what one sees" describes what? - Shift from optical-art to construct-painting Georges Braque and Pablo Picasso began pasting paper, fabric, rope, and other objects to their canvases to - challenge the space between life and art. Which of the following is a competing drive of human personality according to Freud? - Id - Ego - Superego Skyscrapers predominantly symbolize - corporate power and prestige Define and compare Cubism and Fauvism, illustrating your points with specific works. *Fauvism* - a style in art known for its bold application of arbitrary color *Cubism* - developed by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque noted for the geometry of its forms, its fragmentation of the object, and its increasing abstraction
The Origin of Species
Charles Darwin
Soft Toilet
Claes Oldenburg
Large Blue Horses
Franz Marc
Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina
Galileo
Number 27
Jackson Pollock
Hunger
Kathe Kollwitz
Les Demoiselles d'Avignon
Pablo Picasso
Villa Savoye
Paissy-sur-Seine, France, Le Corbusier
Action painting
Pollock would drip, pour, and splash oil paint, house and boat paint, and enamel over the surface of the canvas, determining the top and bottom of the piece only after the process was complete.
Fauvists
This group of early 20th century painters celebrated color, wanting to free color from observed reality
Degenerate Art Exhibition
an art exhibition organized by Adolf Ziegler and the Nazi Party in Munich. Hitler declared degenerate art as art that destroyed or confused natural form, insult german feeling, or reveal an absence of artistic skill
Modernism
artistic and literary movement sparked by a break with past conventions
Cinematic space
relationship between film, architecture, and the city
Anti-War Movement
this was a protest movement that grew, especially on college campuses, during the Vietnam War
Without Boundaries: Multiple Meanings in a Postmodern World: Learning Outcomes
1) Define what characterizes postmodern architecture. - weird-looking shapes in homes and buildings, unfinished 2) Discuss the nature and significance of postmodernism and how it reflects pluralism. 3) Describe how pluralism and diversity are reflected in art and literature.
The Age of Anxiety: Fascism and Depression, Holocaust and Bomb: Learning Outcomes
1) Describe Berlin of the 1920s and the social link to anti-Semitism and the rise of fascism. - Berlin became Germany's largest city, center of cultural and intellectual life for all of Eastern Europe, liberalism, collapse of traditional values 2) Discuss Bauhaus and the emergence of the International Style. - beautiful building Bauhaus inspired modern (weird-looking) style homes. 3) Outline the coming of sound to cinema, the "talkies." - sound slowed the introduction of color into movies - *The Jazz Singer* first feature length talkie, contained only two dialogue scenes 4) Describe the Holocaust. - Buchenwald, concentration camp, largest on german soil 5) Outline the events of World War II and describe its effect on culture in film and literature. - pessimism
New York, Skyscraper Culture and the Jazz Age: Learning Outcomes
1) Outline the emergence of blues and Dixieland Jazz. - blues: Harlem, *Langston Hughes*, "the vernacular expression of the American black" - Dixieland Jazz: Lance Armstrong 2) Explain the importance of New York in the development of the machine aesthetic. - skyscrapers in new york became a smybol of corporate power and prestige - The Singer Building (1902), Metropolitan Life Tower (1909), the Woolworth Building (1913), the Shelton Towers (1924), the Chrysler Building (1930) (Fig. 36.8), the Empire State Building (1931), and the RCA Building (1933) 3) Define the characteristics of the machine aesthetic. - *simple geometric forms*, symmetry, balance, and proportion—in short a new, machine-inspired Classicism - *Barr and Johnson* 4) Discuss the aesthetic "split" between Barr's and Johnson's machine aesthetic and Gilbert's more decorative aesthetic. - *neo Gothic* - bigger taller buildings, symbol of aspiration and spirituality 5) Define what characterizes the "golden age" of silent film. - second-generation Jews from the garment industry in New York knew how to make audiences happy. Made hundreds of millions of dollars
International style architecture
20th century. Associated with Le Corbusier- simplicity and elegance of design came to influence the look of modern office buildings and skyscrapers.
Sublimation
A change directly from the solid to the gaseous state without becoming liquid
Cubist
A form of abstraction that emphasizes planes and multiple perspectives.
Dixieland Jazz
A musical genre in which the trumpet carries the main melody, the clarinet plays off it with a higher countermelody, and the trombone plays a simpler, lower tune.
Christian Existentialism
A philosophy that argues that individuals must define the conditions of their own existence and that religion can provide a "unifying center" for that existence.
Montage
A quick succession of images or impressions used to express an idea.
Postmodern architecture
A reaction in architectural design to the feeling of sterile alienation that many people get from modern architecture. Postmodernism uses older, historical styles and a sense of lightheartedness and eclecticism. Buildings combine pleasant-looking forms and playful colors to convey new ideas and to create spaces that are more people-friendly than their modernist predecessors.
New Deal
A series of reforms enacted by the Franklin Roosevelt administration between 1933 and 1942 with the goal of ending the Great Depression.
Dadaism
An artistic movement that had a purposely nonsensical name, expressing its total rejection of previous modern art.
Abstract Expressionism
An experimental style of mid-twentieth-century modern art exemplified by Jackson Pollock's spontaneous "action paintings," created by flinging paint on canvases stretched across the studio floor. * After WWII*
Marilyn Diptych
Andy Warhol
Guggenheim Museum
Bilbao, Spain, Frank Gehry
Supermarket Shopper
Duane Hanson
The Bay
Helen Frankenthalerr
Bonheur de vivre (The Joy of Life)
Henri Matisse
Farmworkers at Guadalupe
Judith F. Baca
Papiers-collés
Literally "pasted paper," the technique that is the immediate predecessor of collage in Cubism.
Farnsworth House
Ludwig Miles van der Rohe
Fox River,
Ludwig Miles van der Rohe
Illinois,
Ludwig Miles van der Rohe
Plano,
Ludwig Miles van der Rohe
Fountain
Marcel Duchamp
Green on Blue
Mark Rothko
Luncheon in Fur
Meret Oppenheim
Machine aesthetic
Most often used in reference to the art of the 1920s, this term refers to works that reproduce the sleek, shiny surfaces and geometric regularity of actual industrial machines.
Looking Northwest from the Shelton
New York, Alfred Steiglitz
Chrysler Building
New York, William van Alen
The Waste Land
S. Eliot
The Persistence of Memory
Salvador Dali
Postmodern hero
Seeks meaning, but accepts the fact that the search is never-ending.
Skyscrapers
Tall building with many floors supported by a lightweight steel frame.
Expressionist
Van Gogh, Gaugin, and Rouault, believe that good art expresses the emotions of the maker and has an emotional impact on its viewers
Candide
Voltaire
Dulce et decorum est
Wilfred Owen
Pink Angels
Willem de Kooning
Chiaroscuro lighting
a pictorial arrangement of light and dark to create depth and contrast
Postmodern identity
a sense of self that is temporary, fragmented, unstable, fluid, and sometimes contradictory
Call-and-response
a song style in which a singer or musician leads with a call and a group responds
Optical art
based on creating optical sensations of movement through the repetition and manipulation of color, shape, and line
Colonization of Africa
from the 17th to 19th centuries, large parts of Africa were divided according to which pieces of land belonged to which European colonizer and not by the existing patterns of different tribal people and ethnicities living on the land
Post-Modernism
genre of art and literature and especially architecture in reaction against principles and practices of established modernism
Civil Rights Movement
movement in the United States beginning in the 1960s and led primarily by Blacks in an effort to establish the civil rights of individual Black citizens
Atonality
no specific key or tonality
Dixieland Jazz
originating in New Orleans, used instruments that could be marched with outside
onstruct painting
painting what one thinks about what one sees
Theater of the Absurd
plays stressing the irrational or illogical aspects of life, usually to show that modern life is pointless