icc lecture bio final
How many ATP are produced during the Citric Acid/Kreb's Cycle?
2
How many net ATP are produced during glycolysis?
2
How much ATP are needed to start glycolysis?
2
What is the total net energy that yields from anaerobic respiration?
2
On average, ____________ ATP are made from each NADH and ______________ATP are made from each FADH2 during the electron transport process.
3, 2
Both a man and woman are heterozygous for freckles. Freckles are dominant over no freckles. What are the chances that their child will have freckles?
3/4
How many ATP are produced during the electron transport chain?
32 - 34
How efficient is the breakdown of one glucose molecule via cellular respiration?
39%
When Mendel crossed two parents that were heterozygous in a monohybrid cross, what was the phenotypic ratio of the offspring?
3:1
When Mendel crossed two parents that were heterozygous for both traits in a dihybrid cross, what was the phenotypic ratio of the offspring?
9:3:3:1
A homozygous dominant parent is crossed with a homozygous recessive parent, what will the offspring be?
?
ATP can be broken down into
?
Besides sunlight, carbon dioxide and water what else must be present for photosynthesis to occur?
?
Carbs breaking down into glucose is an example of
?
How many ATP are produced during the Preparatory reaction?
?
How many pair(s) of sex chromosomes are there in humans?
?
The Electron Transport Chain occurs in the
?
The formation of ATP and NADPH occurs during
?
To begin cellular respiration what kind of energy is needed?
?
Under anaerobic conditions in plants, besides ATP, ______________________ is produced.
?
Which of the following is not an alternate pathway for photosynthesis to occur?
?
Which of the following is not part of the dark reaction?
?
Which statement most accurately describes the second law of thermodynamics?
Energy cannot be changed from one form to another without a loss of usable energy.
Which of the following statements most accurately describes the first law of thermodynamics?
Energy cannot be created or destroyed but it can be changed from one form to another.
____________________ are proteins that catalyze a specific reaction.
Enzymes
All of the energy that a plant stores in the bonds of glucose are available to an animal to power its muscles.
False
What is the end result of the dark reaction?
Glucose
Which of the following does not absorb light?
Glucose
In which phase of cellular respiration is glucose a substrate?
Glycolysis
Which of the following statements about glycolysis is true?
Glycolysis breaks glucose down to two pyruvate molecules.
Chlorophyll reflects which color of light?
Green
A linear stretch of DNA within a chromosome becomes oriented in a reverse direction, with no molecular loss.
Inversion
During an enzymatic reaction, what happens to the enzyme?
The enzyme and the substrate form a temporary complex.
The first 22 pairs of chromosomes are known as
autosomes
Organisms that derive their chemical energy from photosynthesis are known as
autotrophs.
Brown eyes are dominant to blue eyes, which genotype would an individual with blue eyes have?
bb
The metabolic pathways of photosynthesis and cellular respiration
both involve oxidation and reduction reactions.
Which molecules are the products of aerobic respiration?
carbon dioxide and water
The reactants of the photosynthetic process include
carbon dioxide and water.
The Preparatory reaction of cellular respiration produces
carbon dioxide.
Plants also change glucose into ________________, the structural material used in their cell walls.
cellulose
Where does glycolysis take place within the cell?
cytoplasm
An enzymatic reaction in which the substate is broken down into smaller products is called a _________________________ reaction.
degradation
In extreme temperatures and pH an enzyme can be ________________ by altering its structure.
denatured
Which of the following pathways produces of the majority of ATP?
electron transport chain
Reactions that need assistance (energy) to start are called
endergonic reactions.
Poisons sometimes act as
enzyme inhibitors.
Which of the following is a substrate of cellular respiration?
glucose
What is the correct order of phases in cellular respiration?
glycolysis, prep reaction, citric acid cycle, electron transport chain
Processes in living organisms require an input of energy that is ultimately lost as ________.
heat
An organism is said to be _____ if it carries two different alleles for one trait.
heterozygous
What is the genotype of an individual with type O blood?
ii
Down syndrome
is known as trisomy 21
Under anaerobic conditions in animals, besides ATP, _______________ is produced.
lactic acid
Which of the following molecules is an enzyme?
lipase
The Citric Acid/Kreb's cycle occurs in the
matrix of the mitochondria.
The special tissue found in the leaf of a plant that contains chloroplast necessary for photosynthesis is
mesophyll
Potential energy can best be defined as
not active but can become active.
During photosynthesis, _________________ is a waste product released by the plant inot the air.
oxygen
Which of the following isn't a product of cellular respiration?
oxygen
What are the products of photosynthesis?
oxygen and glucose.
If short hair (S) is dominant to long hair (s), animals SS and Ss have the same
phenotypes
Another name for a substrate is a(an)
reactant
An example of polygenic inheritance includes
skin color.
The ultimate source of energy for living things is
the sun.
No human egg carries a Y chromosome
true
Which of the following nucleotide bases is found only in RNA?
uracil
If all offspring of a cross have the genotype Aa, the parents of the crosses would mostlikely be
AA x aa.
The cyclic pathways of the light reaction produces
ATP only.
Which of the following represents a monohybrid cross?
Aa x Aa
Which is true about energy of activation?
Adding the correct enzyme can lower the energy of activation.
ATP contains:
Adenine, ribose and 3 phosphates
All of the following are true of a photosystem except:
All are true
Enzymatic reactions can be controlled by:
All of these
If tall (T) is dominant to dwarf (t), and a homozygous dominant parent is crossed with a homozygous recessive parent, what kind of phenotypic offspring will be produced?
All tall
What is the green pigment that allows plants to photosynthesize?
Chlorophyll
Which organelle uses energy from the sun to produce carbohydrates?
Chloroplasts
Brown eyes are dominant to blue eyes, what color eyes would an individual have if their genotype was BB?
Brown
Which of the following reactions is NOT part of the cellular respiration pathway?
Calvin Cycle
What kind of organic compound do plants make during photosynthesis?
Carbohydrates
What gas is released during cellular respiration?
Carbon dioxide
____________________ speeds up reactions.
Catalysts
Loss of a segment from a chromosome at the cell level; the loss of one to several basepairs from a DNA molecule at the molecular level.
Deletion
_________________ is the capacity to do work.
Energy
___________________ is a visual display of an individuals chromosomes.
Karyotype
An XXY male has
Klinefelter syndrome
In which plant structure does photosynthesis usually occur?
Leaves
The two types of reactions of photosynthesis are:
Light reaction and Calvin cycle
A change in the physical structure of a chromosome.
Mutation
Which of the following is not a heterotroph?
Oaks
Which of the following is an example of a plant that goes through the CAM pathway for photosynthesis?
Pineapple
________________ is the gaining of electrons in a reaction.
Reduction
Which of the following statements is true about enzymes?
They catalyze only one specific type of reaction.
Heat is a form of energy.
True
What material, needed for photosynthesis, is absorbed through the roots of a plant?
Water
In a pedigree chart, a clear circle indicates
an unaffected female
What is a metabolic reaction called that involves one reaction releasing energy to provide energy for a second reaction that requires energy?
a coupled reaction
The place where the substrate fits onto the enzyme is called the
active site.
In a pedigree chart, a darkened square indicates
an affected male
Carbon dioxide enters through openings in the leaves called
stomata
