ICP - Chapter 6
When a conducting sphere is charged positively, initially the charge is deposited on the left side. However, due to the sphere's conducting nature, the charge spreads uniformly throughout the surface of the sphere. Charge is uniformly distributed because:
excess electrons within the sphere move toward excess protons. - Electrons can move freely and are attracted to the region of excess protons. The electrons move towards the left side of the sphere until there is uniform distribution of positive charge.
A material through which electrons do NOT easily flow is a(n) ____.
insulator
A material through which electrons do NOT readily flow is a(n)____.
insulator
A/An _____ is a material in which charges will not move easily, whereas a/an _____ is a material that allows charges to move about easily.
insulator, conductor - Charges move easily through conductors, but are not free to move in insulators.
A/An _____ is an energy unit used to measure electric energy use by power companies.
kilowatt-hour - Electric companies use kilowatt-hours to measure electric energy use.
An area with excess electrons has a net _____ charge; an area with a deficit of electrons has a net _____ charge.
negative, positive - Typically objects have equal numbers of electrons and protons, so their charges are neutral.
If the leaves of an electroscope spread apart, it indicates that ____.
no charge is moving through the electroscope
Two objects will attract one another when they have ____.
opposite charges
A circuit that has two or more branches for electrons to follow is a(n) ____.
parallel circuit
A circuit that has two or more separate paths for electrons to follow is a(n)____.
parallel circuit
A __________ is described as a device with specific resistance and is used to control current.
resistor - Resistors control the flow of current through a circuit.
A _____ is described as a device with specific resistance and is used to control current, whereas a _____ converts chemical energy to electrical energy.
resistor, battery - A resistor converts electric energy into heat. A battery converts chemical energy into electric energy.
A path that allows only one route for an electric current is called a ____.
series circuit
A/An _____ is a type of electric circuit in which there is a single current path.
series connection - A series connection has only one current path.
Electric charge that has accumulated on an object is referred to as ____.
static electricity
Three rods of different materials P, Q, and R, are charged by various methods. When the rods are brought near each other, the rods P and Q repel each other, while the rods P and R attract each other.Which of the following could be the signs of the charges on the rods?
- - + ,If objects are similarly charged, the force between them is repulsive. However, if the objects are oppositely charged, the force between them is attractive.
A car panel lamp has a resistance of 33 ohms when it is placed across a 12 V battery. What is the current through the circuit?
.36 A - 12 V / 33 ohms = 0.36 A
A lightbulb uses 100 W of power when connected across 120 V. What is the current drawn by the lightbulb?
0.8 A - 100 W / 120 V = 0.8 A
A motor with an operating resistance of 32 ohms is connected to a voltage source. The current in the circuit is 3.8 A. What is the voltage of the source?
1.2 102 V
A sensor uses 2.0 10-4 A of current when it is operated by a 3.0 V battery. What is the resistance of the sensor circuit?
1.5 104 ohms
_____ can act from great distances.
Both gravitational and electric forces can act from great distances.
One example of a good conductor is ____.
Copper
Which of the following statements is true about electric forces?
Electric forces cause objects to repel or attract each other. - Electric forces are repulsive between like charged objects and attractive between objects that possess opposite charges.
_____ forces between charges are enormous in comparison to _____ forces.
Electrical, gravitational - The electrostatic force is much more powerful than the gravitational force.
_____charges repel, whereas _____ charges attract.
Like, opposite - Charges with the same sign repel. Charges with opposite signs attract.
Resistance is measured in a unit called the ____.
Ohm
The statement that current is equal to the voltage difference divided by the resistance is known as ____.
Ohm's law
_____ is described as a property that determines how much current will flow for a given battery voltage.
Resistance - The higher the resistance is in an electric circuit, the lower the current is in that circuit.
_____ is a property that determines how much current will flow for a given source voltage, whereas a _____ is a device that controls the current in a circuit.
Resistance, resistor - A resistor has a specific resistance.
The carbon rod in a standard D-cell serves as ____.
a conductor to transfer electrons
Lightning is ____.
a large discharge of static electricity
A/An _____ is described as the flow of electric charge or current equal to one coulomb per second.
ampere - 1 A = 1 C/s
The flow of electric charge or current equal to one coulomb per second is a/an _____
ampere - 1 A = 1 C/s
Electric forces can be either repulsive or attractive, whereas gravitational force is always:
attractive - Gravity always attracts.
The direction of the force on a positive test charge near another positive charge is _____ the other charge
away from - Like charges repel each other.
Electric field lines are directed _____ positive charges and _____ negative charges.
away from, toward - Electric field lines begin on positive charges and end on negative charges.
A _____ is described as a device that converts chemical energy to electric energy.
battery - Batteries convert chemical energy into electric energy.
Which of the following is a device designed to open an overloaded circuit and prevent overheating?
circuit breaker
Charging by _____ charges a neutral body by touching it with a charged body; whereas charging by _____ charges an object without touching it with a charged body.
conduction, induction - In charging by conduction, charges travel from a charged to a neutral object. In charging by induction, a charged object pushes like charges out of another object and into the ground.
When two bodies are charged, the total charge before and after charging remains the same because of:
conservation of charges - When two neutral objects are charged, the total charge remains the same because charges are conserved and are not created or destroyed.
One source of constant electric current is a ____.
dry cell
A/An _____ is described as a closed loop or pathway that allows electric charges to flow.
electric circuit - Charges flow around an electric circuit.
A/An _____ is described as a flow of charged particles.
electric current - Electric current is the flow of charged particles.
The rate at which an electrical device converts energy from one form to another is called ____.
electrical power
Normally, atoms are electrically neutral because there are ____
equal numbers of protons and electrons