idk

What best describes the all-or-nothing principle? All muscle fibers contract, or none at all do. A motor unit will either contract maximally or not at all. The switch from type IIa to type IIx muscle fibers The switch from type I to type II muscle fibers

A motor unit will either contract maximally or not at all.

Which division of the skeleton is made up of the arms, legs, and pelvic girdle? Lateral Peripheral Axial Appendicular

Appendicular

Which system supplies neural input to organs that run the involuntary processes of the body? Mechanoreceptors The brain Somatic nervous system Autonomic nervous system

Autonomic nervous system

What are the two divisions of the skeletal system? Axial and appendicular Upper and lower Osteoclasts and osteoblasts Anterior and posterior

Axial and appendicular

Which joint is the most mobile, able to move in all three directions? Hinge Ball-and-socket Pivot Saddle

Ball-and-socket

What is the correct order of segments for the spine, starting at the top? Thoracic, cervical, and lumbar Lumbar, cervical, and thoracic Cervical, thoracic, and lumbar Cervical, lumbar, and thoracic

Cervical, thoracic, and lumbar

Which of these is one of the major curvatures of the spine from a posterior view? Concave lumbar curve Convex lumbar curve Concave thoracic curve Convex cervical curve

Concave lumbar curve

A person walks differently when they move from a sidewalk onto the sand. This is regulated by what function? Muscle function Neuroplasticity Motor function Wolff's law

Motor function

Human movement is accomplished through the functional integration of three systems within the human body: the nervous system, the skeletal system, and what other system? Coronary Muscular Digestive Vascular

Muscular

What is the name of the specialized cell that is the functional unit of the nervous system? Neuron Spindles Nucleus Axon

Neuron

Humans can learn new things at any stage of life, due to which process that causes the brain to reform neural pathways? Neuroplasticity Neuromotor skills Remodeling Neurocircuitry

Neuroplasticity

What is the term for the chemical messengers that cross the synapse between the neuron and muscle and assist with nerve transmission? Synapses Adenosine triphosphate Sarcomeres Neurotransmitters

Neurotransmitters

Which joint has the simplest movement, moving either back and forth or side to side? Nonsynovial Synovial Condyloid Nonaxial

Nonaxial

Which type of joint includes the sutures of the skull? Ball-and-socket Condyloid Nonsynovial Pivot

Nonsynovial

Which term describes the movement of bones, such as flexion and extension? Osteoporosis Arthropathy Osteokinematics Arthrokinematics

Osteokinematics

Which system puts the body into a relaxed state, termed rest and digest? Parasympathetic nervous system Somatic nervous system Central nervous system Sympathetic nervous system

Parasympathetic nervous system

What is the name for projections protruding from the bone to which tendons and ligaments attach? Depressions Sulcus Processes Bone spurs

Processes

When a gymnast balances on a beam, they are aware of their body's general orientation and the relative position of its parts. This is due to which key sensory function? Wolff's law Proprioception Neuroplasticity Stretch reflex

Proprioception

Weight-bearing exercise helps strengthen bones through what process? Lengthening Osteoporosis Neuroplasticity Remodeling

Remodeling

What is the process by which bone is constantly renewed? Neuroplasticity Wolff's law Osteoporosis Remodeling

Remodeling

What activity is especially beneficial for combating the loss of muscle mass, power, and strength for aging adults? Resistance training Cardio Walking Aerobics

Resistance training

What is a characteristic of a type II muscle fiber? Short-term contractions Smaller in size Slow to fatigue Increased oxygen delivery

Short-term contractions

What are the three types of muscles in the body? Cervical, thoracic, and lumbar Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth Actin, myosin, and sarcomere Somatic, autonomic, and peripheral

Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth

Which characteristic is exhibited by type I muscle fibers? Slow to fatigue Decreased oxygen delivery Short-term contractions Fewer capillaries

Slow to fatigue

When a client's heart rate is raised during cardio activities, this is being caused by which system? Central nervous system Somatic nervous system Parasympathetic nervous system Sympathetic nervous system

Sympathetic nervous system

Which joints are most associated with human movement? Nonaxial Synovial Nonsynovial Saddle

Synovial

What are the two components of the central nervous system? The somatic and autonomic nervous systems The brain and spinal cord The nerves and sensory receptors The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems

The brain and spinal cord

What is explained by the sliding filament theory? The Z-lines moving farther apart The actin pulling the myosin toward the center of the sarcomere The shortening of a sarcomere to produce a muscle contraction The lengthening of a sarcomere after a muscle contraction

The shortening of a sarcomere to produce a muscle contraction

What is the function of the neuromuscular junction? The site of muscular contractions The sliding filament theory The site where the nervous system and muscle fibers communicate Exposing actin-binding sites

The site where the nervous system and muscle fibers communicate

What is the purpose of the intervertebral discs? They act as shock absorbers. They support most of the body's weight and are attached to many back muscles. They minimize movement of the spine. They provide support for the head.

They act as shock absorbers.

What are the two components of a sarcomere? Epimysium and endomysium Tropomyosin and troponin Actin and myosin Muscle fiber and muscle cell

Actin and myosin

At what age is the adolescent brain considered to be fully developed? 18 25 22 30

25

At what age is total peak bone mass reached? 25 30 35 18

30

Which of the following is the functional unit of a muscle cell? Myosin A sarcomere Endomysium Actin

A sarcomere

What is it called when a ligament is overstretched or torn? A sprain A strain A twist A pull

A sprain

What are the two categories of bone markings? Irregular and flat Surface and deep Short and long Depressions and processes

Depressions and processes

What surrounds the skeletal muscles and connects them to other surrounding muscles? Tendons Connective tissues Fascia Muscle spindles

Fascia

Which mechanoreceptor is sensitive to changes in muscular tension and rate of that tension change, causing the muscle to relax, which prevents the muscle from excessive stress and possible injury? Golgi tendon organs Muscle spindles Interneurons Joint receptors

Golgi tendon organs

Calcium is often associated with bone health, but why is it also important for muscular function? It helps transmit the motor signal. It converts ADP back to ATP. It stimulates actin and myosin activity. It helps the nerve impulse cross from the synapse into the muscle.

It stimulates actin and myosin activity.

What is the concept that describes the human body as a chain of interdependent links that work together to perform movement? Kinetic chain Proprioception Nervous system Golgi tendon organ

Kinetic chain

What is the fibrous tissue that connects bone to bone? Tendon Ligament Elastin Collagen

Ligament

What is the bone type of the clavicle, radius, and ulna? Short Irregular Flat Long

Long

Which part of a cell is responsible for using nutrients to create energy for the cell? Mitochondria Electrolytes Effector sites Organelles

Mitochondria

What is the primary purpose of the peripheral nervous system? To transmit impulses between afferent and efferent neurons To transmit nervous impulses from neuron to neuron To connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body To coordinate the activity of all parts of the body

To connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body

Which of the following protein structures is important for muscular contractions by providing a binding site? Myosin Troponin Fascicles Actin

Troponin

Which type of muscle fiber has a large number of capillaries? Type III Type I Type IIa Type IIx

Type I

Which type of muscle fiber is predominantly used during movements that require high levels of force and power, such as a sprint? Type I Type III Type II Type Ia

Type II