II Lecture Chapter 15 Short Answer/Discussion pp 337

name two types of suction devices that may be used to clear a neonates airway

bulb syringes are normally used to suction the nares and mouth of neonates; DeLee suction may be prefered in the presence of meconium

define two physical conditions that may necessitate a cesarean section. find the two conditions in your textbook and look up the definitions in your medical dictionary

disease, obstruction, fetal distress, placenta

what are some of the most common maternal or fetal reasons for performing a cesarean section

eclampsia or preclampsia cardiac disease diabetes mellitus cervical cancer STD prior cesarean rupture of uterus full-thickness myomectomy fibroids failure to progress maternal demise fetal distress prolapse of umbilical cord malpresentation breech transverse brow multiples fetal demise dystocia cephalopelvic disproportion failed induction of labor abnormal uterine action placenta previa placental abruption

what surgical intervention is commonly done during a normal vaginal delivery? why?

episiotomy is an intentional midline surgical incision in the perineum to ease the birth process or to protect the mother from uncontrolled perineal lacerations

what is meant by the term "incompetent cervix"? what procedure is performed to treat the condition during pregnancy? what is used to complete this procedure?

a woman with an incompetent cervix is at a high risk for delivering prematurely. an incompetent cervix is prone to dilating and effacing prematurely, in particular during the second trimester. the fetus places pressure on the cervix that can lead to miscarriage or premature delivery. risk factors for incompetent cervix include previous premature delivery, previous trauma to the cervix, congenital weakness of the cervix, and abnormalities of the uterus or cervix. to address the situation a cervical cerclage (Shirodkar's Procedure) is performed

are Braxton-Hicks contractions an indication that delivery of the fetus is imminent

"false" labor: normal contractions not associated with progressive cervical dilation

describe the complications that the patient may experience from an undiagnosed or improperly closed perineal laceration

postpartum hemorrhage, sepsis, fistulas (abnormal communication between two normally separate internal structures) and coital pain

describe the stages of a vaginal delivery

stage one: duration 6 - 18 hrs beginning of regular contractions or rupture of membranes to 10cm cervical dilation stage two: duration 0.5 - 3 hrs 10 cm cervical dilation to delivery of baby stage three: duration 0 - 30 min birth to delivery of placenta stage four: duration 6 hr average First 1-4 hours after deliver (recovery)

what does "fetal distress" mean?

sustained low heart rate

during the vaginal delivery, a perineal laceration occurred that included the anal sphincter. what type of laceration occured?

third degree laceration

cord blood is collected routinely with every delivery. why?

to determine fetal blood type and gases