ILTS Elementary Education (Grades 1-6) Form B

Fourth grade students make predictions about which materials will be good conductors of electricity. They then test materials such as a paper clip, a rubber eraser, a metal spoon, and a small block of wood to see if these materials will complete or interrupt a simple circuit consisting of a lightbulb, battery, and switch. Which of the following student conclusions or shut the teacher identify as an argument based on evidence?

"Wood is a poor conductor of electricity because it prevented the lightbulb from working" (Objective 0014) it is essential to cite evidence when making a scientific argument. This statement is response option see clearly connects the students conclusion (" wood is a poor conductor of electricity") with the student's observe evidence (" it prevented the lightbulb from working").

A student is deciding whether to embed an audio file into an online essay. Which of the following questions would best guide the student's decision?

How will the audio file support the essay's purpose? (Objective 0005) Embedding an audio file into an online essay could enhance the audience's understanding by providing audible evidence that logically supports a key idea. When deciding whether to embed an audio file, the student should first determine whether a targeted audio feature will support the purpose of the essay.

A rare Japanese 4 o'clock flower is crossed with a white Japanese 4 o'clock flower, and the resulting flowers are pink. This kind of inheritance is an example of:

Incomplete dominance (Objective 0015) incomplete dominance is a pattern of hereditary in which offspring with heterozygous genotype displays a phenotype that is blend of the characteristics of the parent flowers. In this case, if the genotype for the red flowered plant is represented by the RR combination of alleles and white flowers represented by the rr allele combination, all offspring would have an Rr genotype that would have pink flowers.

Use the diagram below to answer the question that follows (Look at Number #88 under Objective 0014) Which of the following instruments would be most appropriate to use in an investigation of mechanical energy?

Instrument 4 (Objective 0014) mechanical energy refers to energy associated with a force or with motion. Instrument 4 is a spring scale, an instrument that can be used to measure the force - in newtons- on a variety of objects.

Use the diagram below to answer the question that follows (Look at Number #93 under Objective 0015) Which level in the ecological pyramid shows represents primary consumers?

Level 2 (Objective 0015) and this ecological pyramid, mice are considered to be primary consumers because they feed on plants.

Which of the following activities would best provide students with a real-world model of base-ten enumeration?

Measuring a length using a variety of metric units (Objective 0011) both the place values of digits in the prefixes of units in the metric system are used expressed different powers of 10. A student made a teeny deeper understanding of base 10 numeration by observing that a 1000 mm length equivalent to be stated as 100 cm, 10 dm, or 1 m.

Two ramps are set up in a third grade classroom at the same angle; one ramp is covered with smooth cloth and the other is covered with rubberized matting. Add a signal, a student releases a model car of the same size and structure down each of the ramps. After observing this example, the class declares that cars move faster on smooth surfaces nomad at ones. The teacher instructed them to perform the same demonstration several more times. Which of the following areas of scientific thinking will be strengthened for students following their teacher's instruction?

One data points should not be used to generalize a conclusion (Objective 0013) in scientific investigations, it is important to run multiple trials before forming a conclusion. A single result could be due to random chance or to experimental error. The practice of performing multiple trials reduces the likelihood of forming incorrect conclusions.

Which of the following technological developments would be most useful in reducing one of the causes of global climate change?

Production of efficient and inexpensive electric cars (Objective 0013) Electric cars produce a reduced level of direct emissions, such as carbon dioxide, which contribute to global climate change. Greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide contribute to global climate change by trapping sunlight and reradiating it back towards Earth.

Third graders who are beginning to learn about space exploration ask how it is possible to travel from earth to the moon. The most effective way for the teacher to introduce the technological advances related to this achievement is by:

Providing materials for students to investigate the movement of balloon rockets. (Objective 0013) and preparing and releasing balloon rockets, students will observe that as air is released from the balloon, the balloon is thrust forward. This hands-on activity provides an opportunity for students to begin to learn firsthand about a simple action and reaction. The teacher can then build on this understanding to provide more in-depth explanations.

An elementary school teacher guide students through the preamble to the U.S. Constitution. This activity would be most effective for enhancing students' understanding of the:

Purposes of government (Objective 0016) the preamble to the U.S. Constitution Lily said several general reasons for establishing a government. The preamble also clearly states that these reasons informed the writing of the U.S. Constitution.

Second-grade students are investigating the relationship between the standard-form and expanded-form representations of the number 365. Which of the following tools would best support students' understanding of the relationship?

layered place-value cards to illustrate values of digits (Objective 0008) the expanded form of a number is written as a sum of whole number multiples of different powers of 10, so for example, 365 = 300+60+5. A layered place value cards that can be used to model the sun by stacking the numbers 300, 60, and 5 on top of each other. Because place values are aligned among all the cards in the stack, the value represented by any given digit can be seen by removing the cards resting on it.

When planning a differentiated lesson for students, a teacher should first determined:

learning goals want all students will be able to achieve by the end of the lesson. (Objective 0006) When planning a differentiated lesson, a teacher should connect content, process, and product in a way that meets the learning needs of all students. If, for example, the goal of a lesson is for students to be able to identify supporting details in an informational text, the texts students use would align with their individual reading ability levels. Ideally, ever student should be able to achieve the shared, targeted learning goal.

A teacher would most likely assess students' spatial thinking ability before introducing a lesson on which of the following textbook features?

maps (Objective 0004) Spatial thinking involves the ability to visualize, analyze, and interpret the location, scale, and position of objects in relation to one another. Spatial thinking is a fundamental skill for achieving competency in geography and for interpreting maps and other geographic representations.

Use the student below to answer the question that follows. (Look under Number #65 under Objective 0010) The response indicates that the student has a misconception regarding which of the following concepts?

meaning of the equality symbol (Objective 0010) in this situation, it is most likely that the student determined 4[3-(-2)] to be 20, which is correct. However, the student then uses this result as input for second operation. In doing so, the use of equality simple acts as a break between subsequent operations rather than a statement of equivalence between expressions.

Sixth-grade students perform an investigation to compare the densities of three rectangular blocks that are composed of different substances. Lab teams take measurements of each block using a triple beam balance. Which of the following scientific tools would best enable to students to complete their investigation?

meterstick (Objective 0013) in order to determine the density of the rectangular blocks, students must attend the mass of the volume of the blocks. A meter stick can be used to measure the dimensions of the block and thus determine volume.

In a fifth-grade classroom, a teacher guides English language learners in setting individual goals for improving their speaking and listening skills. This practice will benefit the English language learners primarily by:

motivating them to accept responsibility for their learning. (Objective 0006) By setting individual goals for improving speaking and listening skills, the English language learners demonstrates that they are willing to take responsibility for their learning. In doing so, they will likely apply requisite speaking and listening skills. In general, students tend to respond positively and productivity when given the opportunity to take charge of their academic success.

A second-grade teacher is introducing diphthongs is a phonics lesson with the class by providing instruction in appropriate sound-letter relationship and modeling how to read words containing diphthongs. Which of the following groups of words would be most appropriate for the teacher to use the students to provide them with practice in reading diphthongs?

now, loud, shout, crowd (Objective 0002) A diphthong is a pair of letters that smoothly and subtly change from one sound to another when pronounced. Speech professionals term this a gliding sound. The sound /ow/ is now, loud, shout, and crowd is spelled with the diphthongs ou or ow.

In the letter n can be any whole number, then the expression 2n + 1 must be which of the following kinds of numbers?

odd (Objective 0010) If the letter n is any whole number, then 2n multiplies the whole number times 2 to result in an even number. Adding 1 to an even number results in an odd number.

A kindergarten teacher asks a student to represent the number 11 with base-ten blocks. The student first builds a ten-rod and then positions a single cube nearby. Afterward, the student holds up the single cube and says, "Eleven". This response indicates that the student may have a misconception about which of the following pairs of counting concepts?

ordinal numbers and cardinal numbers (Objective 0008) Ordinal numbers are used to represent the position of a term in a sequence and cardinal numbers are used to represent quantity. In this situation, both the ten-rod and the single cube together represent the number 11. By holding only the single cube, the student may be implying that the ordinal and cardinal uses of numbers are equivalent.

Which of the following layers of earth is liquid and composed of melted iron and nickel?

outer core (Objective 0015) the liquid nature of earths outer core is supported by the pattern produced by earthquake waves as they travel through earths layers and buy data relating to the generation of earths magnetic field. Additionally, observations about the force of gravity and earths gravitational pole support the idea of a core region consisting of materials such as denser than those found in Earth's surface, leading scientists to support the idea of a core composed of dense metals such as iron and nickel.

Engaging students in a web brainstorming exercise would be an effective instructional approach to use during which phase of a research project?

selecting a topic (Objective 0005) During a web brainstorming exercise, students create a visual map showing how various categories of information relate to one another. For example, a student who wants to research and write about reggaeton would likely need to narrow the board topic and determine a more manageable focus. To accomplish this goal, the student would write "reggaeton" at the center of a piece of paper and then draw lines extending outward from the word. On each line, the student might write a subtopic, such as "characteristics", "origins", "artists". Using this visual representation, the student could begin the process of determining and selecting a narrower, more focused topic to research in depth.

An elementary school teacher would like to create literacy environments that meet the diverse needs of all learners. Which of the following approaches selecting materials (e.g., books, media, magazines) for the classroom to be most appropriate for the teacher to take?

selecting a wide range of materials at different reading levels that reflect various cultures and interests (Objective 0001) by selecting a wide range of materials for students use, the teacher increases the likelihood that students will be able to find materials of interest to them at their appropriate reading levels. When students are offered reading materials that interest them and that they can successfully read, their motivation to read is enhanced. Additionally, the practice of including books that represent various cultures in the classroom is important, and that it helps students understand their own cultures and perspectives as well as those of others.

A sixth-grade teacher would like to develop an individualized assignment that enriches and extends a gifted student's knowledge pf concepts presented in a literature unit. The assignment will likely engage the gifted students and benefit learning most if the student:

selects a related topic to explore in greater depth. (Objective 0004) Most gifted students are self-driven, motivated to learn, and able to concentrate on engaging pursuits for long periods of time. The teacher should offer an assignment that will challenge the student's intellect and maximize the student's performance. An assignment structured around the student's interests would encourage the student to gain deeper knowledge knowledge of the student-selected topic, producing results that represent the student's abilities.

A second-grade teacher reads the lines of Brown Bear, Brown Bear, What Do You See? One at a time and has the students echo read each line afterward. The teacher encourages the students to concentrate and not skip any words. On a second read through, the teacher stops to ask the students questions questions about what they are reading. The echo reading activity is primarily promoting which if the following areas of reading?

text comprehension (Objective 0002) In echo reading, a skilled reader reads a short sentence or phrase of text while students echo back the same sentence or phrase as they follow along in the text. Echo reading is a strategy designed to help students develop expressive, fluent reading and text comprehension. By encouraging careful reading and asking text-related questions in this activity, the teacher is primarily promoting students' understanding of what they are reading.

A teacher wants to develop enrichment activities for several students who have already mastered skills that will be addressed in upcoming English language arts lessons. When developing the enrichment activities, the teacher should first ensure that:

the activities will deepen learning expectations addressed in the lessons. (Objective 0005) Academic enrichment activities based on lesson topics will allow the students to have a compacted curriculum and will enable them to dig deeper into content that is being covered in the lessons. When developing the enrichment activities, the teacher should first ensure that the activities will deepen stated learning expectations within the targeted lessons.

After providing instruction on common syllable types, a third-grade teacher has students practice with a list a multisyllabic word sets intended to reinforce the difference between vowel team and vowel-consonant-e (VCe) syllables. Which of the following word sets would be most appropriate for the teacher to include on the lest for this purpose?

trainer, compete (Objective 0002) A vowel team syllable contains several adjacent vowels that make a different sound together than they do alone. A VCe-sometimes called silent e or magic e-syllable is spelled with one vowel, one consonant, and silent e; this makes the vowel before the silent e say its long sound. In order to reinforce the difference and set up a direct comparison between the two syllable types, one example of each type should be represented in a set (e.g., trainer contains a vowel team syllable and compete contains a VCe syllable).

Which of the following word lists would be most appropriate for a first-grade teacher teacher to use when providing practice to students on consonant blends?

trap, flag, snap (Objective 0002) A consent blend is as spelling unit of two to three consonants in which each of the sounds can be heard, but the sounds are not easily segmented into individual phonemes. For this reason, they are generally introduced to students after the teacher has provided instruction on beginning consonants and digraphs. Sone examples of consonant blends are tr, fl, and sn.

A teacher is using a Big Book and a read-aloud session with students at the beginning of first grade. Which of the following methods would likely be most effective for the teacher to use to develop students' knowledge of print and emergent literacy concepts?

using a finger to track the text from left to right and line to line while reading (Objective 0001) By tracking print - sliding my finger under the words as they are read - the teacher helps convey the students to left to right and top to bottom directions in which English is written and read, a basic print concept that is an early literacy skills. The teacher's strategy of tracking print can also served as a model for students, helping them learn how to track print in their own reading.

Students in a fourth-grade English language arts class want to write letters to the authors of books they enjoy reading. To best promote authenticity in the letter drafts, the teacher should encourage the students to place greatest emphasis on:

using their unique voices (Objective 0005) Authenticity will be created when the students' own voices come through in their letters. The students want to show their appreciation for the authors' works and the authors will likely appreciate the students' individual perspectives. This from of authentic writing will be most effective if it develops organically from the students' enthusiasm and their sense of specific audience and purpose.

Which of the following inequalities describes a value for the domain for the function: g(x)= x+1 / x+3 ?

x = (does not equal to) -3 (Objective 0007) The rational function g(x) contains the expression x + 3 in its denominator. Substituting -3 for x yields -3+1/-3+3 = -2/0. This value cannot be included in the domain because it results in an undefined operation.

Use the graph below to answer the question that follows. (Look at #46 under Objective 0007) Which of the following equations could represent the graph shown above?

y = -(x-2)^2 + 2 (Objective 0007) When the coordinate (h,k) represents the vertex of a parabola, the equation of the parabola may be written in the form y = a(x-h)^2 + k. The sign of a controls the direction in which the parabola opens, where negative values correspond to downward opening parabolas. The coordinate (h,k) is observed in the graph at the point (1,2). It then follows that this parabola could be represented by the equation y= -(x-1)^2 +2.

Sixth grade students are exploring how to best design waterproofing protection for a model shed made out of cardboard. They will have the opportunity to modify the design several times. After constructing their sheds, student select from a variety of materials for the underside of their roofs. After putting their selections into place, they didn't expose the roofs to a sprinkling of water from a watering can. Which of the following instructions should the teacher give students next in this investigation?

"be sure to change only one variable in the next design" (Objective 0014) when students modify their designs, they should change only one variable at a time. For example, if a student changes the original design by selecting plastic under siding instead of wax paper and also patched holes on the carport roof with adhesive tape, it would not be possible to identify which of these changes produced any difference in waterproofing that is observed.

The amount of gold in a piece of jewelry is measured in karats (K), where 24K represents pure gold. For a ring labeled 22K, the ratio of the mass of gold to the mass of the ring is 22:24. If a gold ring weighing 0.3 ounce is marked 18K and the value of pure gold is $1,200 per ounce, what is the value of the gold in this ring?

$270 (Objective 0009) For a ring mark 18K, the ratio of the mass of pure gold to the mass of the ring is 18:24. This ratio reduces to the ratio 3:4. If x is the weight of the pure gold in the ring and the weight of the ring is 0.3 ounce, the proportion 3/4 = x/0.3 can be solved to find the weight of the gold. Solving: 4x = 3(0.3) and x = 0.225 ounce. Then 0.225($1,200) = $270

Which if the following expressions is equivalent to 3 1/4 x 2 3/5?

(3 x 3/5) + (3 x 2) + (2 x 1/4) + (1/4 x 3/5) Objective 0009 Rewrite 3 1/4 as (3 + 1/4). Then the multiplication problem can be written as (3 + 1/4) x 2 3/5. Use the distributive property to rewrite (3 + 1/4) x 2 3/5 as 3 x 2 3/5 + 1/4 + 2 3/5. Then rewrite 2 3/5 as (2 + 3/5) to get 3(2 + 3/5) + 1/4(2 +3/5). Use the distributive property again to write (3 x 2) + (3 x 3/5) + (1/4 x 2) + (1/4 x 3/5). This expression is equivalent to the expression in response option D.

Use the diagram below to answer the question that follows (Look under Number #57 under Objective 0009). The diagram is composed of squares of equal size. The shaded and unshaded squares together represents 1 3/4 of one unit. What fraction of a unit is represented by just the shaded squares?

3/8 (Objective 0009) There are 14 squares that together represent 1 3/4, or 7/4 of a unit. That means that every 2 squares represent 1/4 of a unit and 1 square represent 1/8 of a unit. Therefore, the 3 shaded squares represent 3/8 of a unit.

Use the diagram below to answer the question that follows (Look at Number #87 under Objective 0014) Which of the following measurements is the correct reading of the volume of fluid in the graduated cylinder shown in the diagram?

31 mL (Objective 0014) in order to correctly read the volume of fluid in a graduated cylinder, the marked increment associated with the lowest point of the curve surface of the liquid must be used. This point is known as the bottom of the meniscus.

Use the box plot below to answer the question that follows (Look at Number #71 under Objective 0011) The box plot represents values, and thousands of dollars, of scholarships awarded to members of the incoming class at a particular college. Which of the following statements is true regarding the data displayed in the box plot?

At most, 25% of the incoming students were awarded more than $15,000. (Objective 0011) a box plot shows each quartile of scholarships values is distributed between the least and greatest amounts. That is, the vertical lines of the box flat break the overall distribution of, in this case, scholarship money into groupings, were each group represents 25% of the scholarship money. The right most grouping represents the highest 25% of scholarship values awarded. The scholarship values for this group extend from $15,000 to $18,000.

Which of the following scenarios is an example of transformation of electrical energy into thermal energy?

Bread is prepared in a toaster. (Objective 0015) electrical current supplied by a wall outlet is pastoral filaments in a toaster, causing the filaments to heat up. As a result, slices of bread or cooked as electrical energy is converted to thermal energy.

A student has six different colors of shirts, four different styles of pants, and two different colors of sneakers. If the student is equally likely to select any clothing combination consisting of a single shirt, a pair of pants, and a pair of sneakers, then what is the probability that the student will choose a blue shirt, a pair of cargo pants, and gray sneakers?

1/48 (Objective 0007) by the fundamental principle of counting, there are 6 * 4 * 2 = 48 clothing combinations. The probability of choosing a specific combination is therefore 1/48.

The circumference of each tire on a vehicle is about 94 inches. Which of the following expressions can be used to calculate the number of miles does vehicle travels when the tires make 15,000 revolutions?

15,000 revolutions x 94 inches/1 revolution x 1 foot/12 inches x 1 mile/5,280 feet (Objective 0011) when changing units, arrange conversion factor so that the units to be canceled our position on opposite sides of the ratios and related factors. For the correct response, units of revolutions, inches, and feet are all position to be eliminated from the final product.

Use the diagram below to answer the question that follows (Look at Number #73 under Objective 0012) Trapezoid FGHJ has bases FJ and GH. What is the length of KJ?

18 (Objective 0012) first, observe that triangle GKH and triangle JFK are formed by GJ and HF intersecting each other and intersecting the pair of parallel segments GH & HJ. The triangles GKH and JFK maybe shown to be similar by providing each pair of their of corresponding angles are congruent. The alternate interior angles theorem states that the interior angles formed by a transversal line intersecting two parallel lines are congruent. When applied to this figure, angle GHJ and angle HGF form one pair of alternate interior angles, and angle HGF and angle GJF form another. The remaining angles, GKH & FKJ, are congruent because they are vertical. Thus, all corresponding angles are congruent and triangle GKH ~ triangle JFK. Establishing dissimilarity justifies the use of proportional ratios to determine the unknown length: 16/24 = 12/ x, so x = 18.

Point P(a, b) Annie coordinate plane is reflected over the x-axis and its image is then reflected over the y-axis. Which of the following transformations applied to point P will have the same result for all possible values of a and b?

180° rotation about the origin (Objective 0012) Point P(a, b) is reflected first over the x-axis two point P'(a, -b). This image point is then reflected over the y-axis to point P"(-a, -b). The net effect of mapping P(a, b) to P"(-a, -b) is equivalent to a single 180 degree rotation about the origin.

A particular triathlon includes swimming, running, and biking. The distance participants run is 11 times the distance they swim. The distance the bike is 43 miles longer than the distance they run. The total of all three distances is 70 miles. If x represents the length of the swim, which of the following equation models this situation?

23x + 43 = 70 (Objective 0010) If x represents mile swim, then 11x represents miles run, and 11x +43 represents miles biked. Add these to get the total number of miles: x + 11x + 11x + 43 = 70. Add like terms: 23x + 43 = 70.

Use the diagram below to answer the question that follows (Look at Number #67 under Objective 0011) The shaded region of the face of the square prism shows is the pattern for a curved pillar to be carved from the prism. Each of the following congruent arcs is centered at the corner of the square. The square face has edges of 12 inches and the prisms height is 24 inches. Which of the following expressions represents the volume of the resulting pillar in cubic inches?

3456-864(pie symbol) (Objective 0011) the volume of the carved out pillar will be equal to the area of the shaded region on the square face of the prism times the height of the prism. The area of the shaded region is equal to the area of the square face of the pillar minus the areas of the four sectors that will be carved oh way. Together these four sectors are equivalent in area 21 circle that has a radius of 12 inches, o 6 inches. Therefore the total volume is [12^2-pie symbol(6^2)] x 24 = 3,456 - 864(pie symbol) cubic inches.

Use the diagram below to answer the question that follows. (Look at #48 under Objective 0008) A student uses the lattice algorithm as shown in the diagram above to find the product of 361 and 75. What is the value represented by the circled 4 in this lattice?

4,000 (Objective 0008) The lattice diagram shows each multiplication and the place values represented. The circled 4 represents the 4 in 60 *70 = 4,200. Thus, the circled 4 represents 4,000.

Use the diagram below to answer the question that follows (Look at Number #75 under Objective 0012) The isosceles triangle ABC has bass BC. Ray CE extends from the triangle in a direction parallel to BA. If m(angle)ABC is 68 degrees, what is m(angle)ACE?

44 degrees (Objective 0012) In an isosceles triangle, the base angles are congruent, so if m(angle)ABC = 68 degrees, then m(angle)ACB = 68 degrees, and m(angle) = 180 degrees - (68 degrees + 68 degrees) = 44 degrees. Since line AB is parallel to line CE, m(angle)A is congruent to m(angle)ACE (they are alternate interior angles). Thus m(angle)ACE = 44 degrees.

The expression (5-2) + (12/10 - 7/10) is an efficient way to perform subtraction for which of the following expressions?

6 2/10 - 2 7/10 (Objective 0008) Use the associative and commutative properties to rearrange the original expression as (5 + 12/10) - (2 + 7/10), which is equivalent to 6 2/10 - 2 7/10.

For what value of k will f(3) = g(3) given that f(x) = x^2-kx + 22 and g(x) = 5x-k?

8 (Objective 0007) If f(3)=g(3), then 3^2-3k+22=5(3)-k. The solution to this equation is k = 8.

The digit 8 in 21.46837 represents which of the following values?

8 x 10^-3 (Objective 0009) The 8 is in the thousandths place so it represents 8/1000 = 8/10^3. Negative exponents are used to express denominators of fractions, so 8/10^3 = 8 x 10^-3.

Use the information below to answer the question that follows (Look at Number #76 under Objective 0012) If this information is to be displayed in a circle graph, what is the measure of the central angle for the sector representing the number of students who read 5 books?

80 degrees (Objective 0012) Look at Number #76 under Objective 0012 at bottom

Use the tape diagram below to answer the question that follows. (Look at Number #62 under Objective 0010) Which of the following problems can be modeled using this tape diagram?

A 30-ounce container of juice is poured into three smaller containers in the ratio 2:3:5. How much juice is in each of the smaller containers? (Objective 0010) this diagram shows that for every 2 parts in the first container there will be 3 of the same parts in the second container and 5 of the same parts in the third container. The total amount of juice and 10 equal parts is 30 ounces. Then each part contains 3 ounces and the containers will have 6 ounces, 9 ounces, and 15 ounces respectively.

Which of the following statements regarding the classification of polygons is true

A square is both a rectangle and a rhombus. (Objective 0012) a rectangle is a parallelogram with right angles. A rhombus is a parallelogram with sides of equal length. A square has both of those proprieties, so it could be classified as both a rectangle and a rhombus.

For which of the following processes will the standard deviation of any set of data remain unchanged?

Adding a constant amount to each data point. (Objective 0007) the standard deviation describes the extent to which a collection of data points vary from their average value. When each data point increases by a constant amount, the mean value also increases by the same amount. Therefore, the data points maintain the same distribution around mean and the standard deviation remains unchanged.

Which of the following types of information would most likely be included in a sidebar in a third-grade textbook chapter on finding perimeter?

An example of a real-life application of the targeted skill (Objective 0004) A sidebar is a typographically distinct section of a text that is set apart through the use os particular font, color, and/or line boundary. A sidebar typically provides information that is related to the main text. In a textbook chapter that promotes third-grade students' ability to find perimeter, a sidebar would most likely demonstrate a practical or real-life application of the targeted skill that will engage students' interest and motivate them to learn the skill.

During a unit on simple machines, students construct model seesaws using a ruler for the lever and cardboard tubing for the fulcrum. Students place a block on one end of the liver and elevate by pushing down on the other end. The teacher could best extend this activity into a scientific investigation by:

Asking students to modify their lovers to make lifting the original weight easier (Objective 0014) when students were to modify their levers, they will realize by firsthand experimentation that moving the position of the fulcrum closer to the block (the load) we'll make lifting the weight easier. This extension will engage students in the use of trial and error, the changing of variables, and the observation of results, enabling them to form a conclusion about levers that is based on evidence.

Which of the following question should a teacher use any phonemic awareness session designed to give students practice in segmenting phonemes?

How many sounds do you hear in the word crush? (Objective 0001) Phonemic awareness involves the ability to hear, isolate, and manipulate the individual sounds, or phonemes, in words. Phonemic awareness includes segmenting a spoken word into into its component sounds and counting the number of sounds heard. A blend (e.g., fr) counts as two sounds, a digraph (e.g., sh) constitutes one sound. Teaching students how to segment sounds helps them learn to read and spell.

Hey student use a snap to use a measure the length of a piece of rope and then use paper clips to measure the same piece of rope again. The teacher asked the student to determine whether it takes more snap cubes or more paper clips to measure the rope. Which measurement scale is the teacher most likely trying to address?

Comparing measurements using nonstandard units of length (Objective 0011) using nonstandard units allow students to discover and develop an understanding of the general principles of the process of measuring. Comparing measurements builds understanding of concepts such a small units are needed the large unit to measure the same object, as in this situation.

A fourth-grade student is planning to give an oral presentation to classmates and conducting home fire drills. Given the audience and the purpose of the presentation, the student should:

Conclude the presentation by restating the most important points. (Objective 0006) the student's primary purpose is to convey the importance of conducting home fire drills. Given the audience of fourth-grade classmates, the student should restate important points at the conclusion of the presentation, thereby promoting classmates' ability to remember critical and beneficial information.

Use the diagram below to answer the question that follows (Look at Number #82 under Objective 0013) Water retains its chemical properties under various changing physical conditions. In the diagram shown, which letter indicates the point at which water begins to enter the vapor state?

D. (Objective 0013) the area of the diagram labeled D represents the beginning of vaporization, the phase change of water from a liquid to a gas. During phase changes, the temperature remains constant as added heat energy is used to break the bonds between water molecules. This is represented by the segment of the graph between letters D and E.

Which of the following actions by present it will most likely interfere with audience members' understanding of information

Filling pauses with expressions such as um, uh, well, and so (Objective 0006) Expressions such as um, uh, well, and so are prevalent an every day conversation, but audience members find them distracting informal presentations. Efficient presenters make an effort to eliminate these expressions from their speech pattern so that audience members can focus on understanding the information in the presentation.

Which of the following units is the most exclusive?

Galactic cluster (Objective 0015) he collected cluster refers concentrated area galaxies. Planet earth is located within the solar system, which is, intern, part of the Milky Way galaxy. The Milky Way galaxy is a member of the Galactic cluster called the local group.

Read the draft paragraph below; then answer the question that follows. If you want to experience jaw-dropping views, visit the Skydeck in Chicago's Willis Tower on a clear day. The Skydeck is located on the 103rd floor. An elevator will whisk you there in 60 seconds. When you step onto the observations deck, you might feel the building sway. Don't worry! The building was designed to have flexibility. Sears Tower became Willis Tower in 2009, when an insurance company leased the naming rights. Take your time looking around. To the west, beyond the plain of Illinois, you will see as far as Indiana, Michigan, and Wisconsin. To the east, your view of Lake Michigan could span several miles. Earth's curve will prevent you from seeing farther. During the revision stage, which if the following sentences should be deleted to improve coherence in the paragraph?

Sears Tower became Willis Tower in 2009, when an insurance company leased the naming rights. (Objective 0005) Coherence in paragraph writing when sentences connect with each other to support the main idea. In this paragraph, parallel structure ("To the west", "To the east") and logical sentence sequencing develop coherence. However, the sentence "Sears Tower became Willis Tower in 2009, when an insurance company leased the naming rights", does not support the main idea. The paragraph's coherence would be improved by the deletion of this sentence.

Which of the following student activities provides the best example of an approach that effectively integrate many strands of English language arts and literacy?

Students work together in small groups to read a short story. They discuss the plot in challenging for Calgary words before writing and sharing reading responses. (Objective 0001) Best practices for integrating the English language charts include incorporating the strands in a meaningful way. The correct response provides the only example where students are working collaboratively as they incorporate reading, discussion, language/vocabulary, critical thinking, writing, speaking, and listening activities.

Which of the following excerpts from the U.S. Constitution could a teacher best used to help explain the smaller number of amendments added to the original document since it was written in 1787?

The Congress shall have power... To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this constitution in the government of the United States... (Objective 0016) article 1, section 8, clause 18 of the U.S. Constitution, also known as the "elastic cause", grants Congress broad and flexible power to intact laws that are deemed "necessary and proper". The 1804 Supreme Court case McCulloch v. Maryland expanded the definition by extending "necessary" to any law that has a "rational bias". This ruling remains the constitutional bias of many federal laws that are not otherwise justified by the text of article 1, section 18

Which of the following situations were collected data best be represented using a box plot?

The distribution of salaries of electricians in a particular state (Objective 0011) a box plot illustrates minimum value; lower, middle, and upper quartiles; and maximum value of data collection. This is a useful way to describe the distribution of salaries for electricians in a particular state.

Use the graph below to answer the question that follows. (Look at #41 under Objective 0007) A candle manufacturing company uses the graph shown to analyze the relationship between the selling price of each candle, X, and the total profit made, P(x). Which of the following properties of the graph determines the candle price needed to break even?

The horizontal intercept of the graph along the x-axis. (Objective 0007) to break even means to neither made Prophet nor loose money, so the profit value should be zero. On the graph, profit value is zero at the places where the graph intersects the x-axis. These places are called the x-intercepts on the graph.

A fourth-grade teacher is creating a list of suggested literary texts to guide students' independent reading choices. Which of the following factors should the teacher take into consideration when qualitatively measuring a text's complexity?

The literal and inferential levels of meaning of the text (Objective 0001) Text complexity is measured by taking into consideration qualitative and quantitative measures, and reader and task factors. Qualitative measure are assessed by a knowledgeable reader who can recognize the degrees to which literal and inferential comprehension are required to fully understand the text. The more that inferential meaning is embedded in a story, the more difficult the text complexity is.

Use the diagram below to answer the question that follows. (Look at Number #61 under Objective 0010). The diagram shows how the expression 8 + 6 may be evaluate with a counting strategy. Which of the following strategies is illustrated in the diagram?

counting on (Objective 0010) the method accounting on is used when a person begins at the value of one addend and counts of the numbers of units equal to the second addend. This instance, the person begins at 8 and counts from the 8 until they have counted 6 additional units.

Use the histogram below to answer the question that follows (Look under Number #68 under Objective 0011) A class counted the number of first cousins for each student in displayed the results in a histogram shown above. Which of the following relationships is true for these data?

The mean is greater than the median. (Objective 0011) to find the mean, divide the total number of cousins by the number of students in the class. Both of these quantities may be determined the histogram. For example, the frequency of students having one cousin is too. The total number of students is calculated by adding every frequency: 2+4+4+6+1+1+3+4 = 25 students. Multiplying and adding each frequency by its associate a number of cousins gets a total of number of cousins. So 2(1) + 4(2) + 4(3) + 6(4) + 1(5) + 1(6) + 3(7) + 4(8) = 110 cousins. Divide this number by 25 students to find the mean value of 4.4 cousins per student. The median is the middle value of the 25 values, so the median number of cousins is the 13th highest value of the histogram which is contained in the fourth bar, representing for cousins. For these data, the main is 4.4 and the median is for, so the mean is greater than the median.

When students learn to divide decimals they are taught to move the decimal point so that a problem like 24.37÷21 becomes 243.7 divided by 21. Which of the following properties of real numbers justifies this technique?

The multiplicative identity property (Objective 0010) the division problem 24.37÷2.1 can be written as 24.37/2.1. Using the multiplicative identity of 1 in the from of the fraction 10/10, 24.37/2.1 x 10/10 = 243.7 divided 21.

Students in the sixth-grade or manipulating triangles on geoboards. Student arrange the triangles such that the bottom row contains two vertices. Students then observe how the action of moving the third vertex, which is located in a higher role, horizontally along to different pegs affects properties of the triangles. Which of the following triangle properties varies as students move the vertex in this manner?

The perimeter of the triangle (Objective 0012) any group of triangles with common bases in heights may have different perimeters. For this activity, the perimeter increases in length as the vertex moves away from the horizontal midpoint of the base.

A third-grade student is able to read aloud grade-level textbooks with accuracy, automaticity, and appropriate rate and phrasing. The student is able to summarize the text but consistently has gaps in understanding when asked specific text-related questions. Which of the following statements provides the best rationale for why the student is having difficulty with the text comprehension?

The student lacks the necessary vocabulary and academic language. (Objective 0003) Because the student is able to read grade-level texts accurately, with automaticity, and with appropriate rate and the phrasing, the student is likely not struggling with decoding or fluency skills. The students is also able to understand the gist of the text, as evidenced by the summaries, but is unable to answer specific text-related questions. This difficulty is likely because the student is unfamiliar with the vocabulary and academic language that is found in the texts - a factor that is hindering comprehension.

Which of the following scenarios best demonstrates a teacher's understanding of providing students with differentiated instruction?

The teacher provides tiered reading activities to have the same learning goal with difficult levels adjusted according to the students' abilities. (Objective 0001) Because of the white variance of student strengths and challenges, differentiated instruction is generally used by teachers to effectively instruct all students on the same topic. Differentiation can be planned by adjusting content, process (how a student accesses materials), products (how a student exhibit's learning), or learning environment to meet each students areas of readiness and challenge. By offering tiered reading activities (i.e, activities designed for different skill levels), the teacher is able to make necessary adjustments, yet is still able to meet the desired learning goal.

A researcher analyzes data from a survey of 500 randomly select dentist and determines that 48% of all dentists are employed in group practices. This measurement is reported with a + 5% margin of error and a 95% confidence interval. Based on this information, which of the following statements is accurate?

There is a 95 percent probability that the actual percentage of dentists working in group practices is between 43% and 53%. (Objective 0007) a confidence interval describes the likelihood of observing a measurement within a range the civic by the margin of error. In this situation, there is a 95% probability that the actual percentage of dentists working in a group practice is within the range of 48% +5%.

The variable a' b' c' and d' represent distinct positive integers such that a/b > c/d and a<c. Which of the following inequalities must be true?

d > b (Objective 0009) Since a < c, there are fewer pieces int he fractions a/b. But the value of a/b has to be more than the value of c/d, so each piece of a/b has to be larger than each piece of c/d. That in turn means that b divides the whole into fever pieces than d does, so b has to be a smaller number than d. This equivalent to d is larger than b or d > b.

Use the transcript below of a conversation between a first grade student and a teacher to answer the question that follows. Student: I aided my bike to school today! Teacher: What fun! You rode all by yourself? Student: Dad followed slow in the car. I rided on the sidewalk. Teacher: I'm sure he drove slowly as you rode. Student: I fell once. Teacher: You fell! What happened? Student: My foot come off a pedal. Teacher: It came off! Why did your foot slip? Student: It came off because it got wet. I rode over a puddle. Evidence in the transcript demonstrates that the teacher's questions and comments primarily promote the student's ability to:

Use a irregular past tense (Objective 0006) the transcript of the conversation demonstrates that the teachers promoting the students correct use of the past tense of irregular verbs. Overall, the teacher models correct use of the verbs "came" and "rode". The transcript shows that the teachers exclamation, "It came off!" Promotes the student to make a subsequent correction ("It came off because it got wet"). Most significant is the student's transition form using "rided", which would be correct if "to ride" were a regular verb, to using "rode". The teacher's deliberately structured questions and comments clearly help promote the student's ability to use the irregular past tense "rode".

A fourth-grade class is reading the beginning of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. Which of the following questions would be most appropriate for the teacher to ask during a close reading of the text?

What was the unusual about the White Rabbit? (Objective 0003) Close reading means looking deeply into a text to uncover its layer of meaning - the ideas beyond who, what, where, when, how, and why. It involves inference, analysis, and evaluation. In reading instruction, close reading generally is undertaken on the second reading of a text and may involve rereading beyond that. It requires the reader to engage with the text and examine it to arrive at a deeper understanding of main ideas and key details, the development of ideas, and the meanings of individual words and sentences, as well as to analyze the author's purpose. In this case, the teacher is asking students to analyze the White Rabbit and make inferences about what was unusual about him.

Elementary school students have been asked super post questions that they are interested in investigating. Which of the following student proposals best represents a testable hypothesis?

Which brand of paper towel absorbs the most liquid? (Objective 0014) a testable scientific hypothesis predicts the relationship between an independent and dependent variable. Additionally, the experiments used to provide the hypothesis must be repeatable. The hypothesis focusing on the properties of paper towels satisfies these requirements.

Fifth grade students have constructed models of earth out of a papier-mâché, using straws for Earth's axis. The students move their models around a light representing the sun, stopping to rotated at four positions representing the times of the annual equinoxes and solstices. Which of the following questions would best help students apply their observations of changes in light and shadow during the movement of the model planets?

Why are all the seasons the same at the equator? (Objective 0013) the movement of the model around a light representing the sun provide students with information about the seasons. Areas near the equal exhibit little seasonal variation because the rays from the sun strike the equator about the same angle over the course of the year. Four other areas on earth, the hemisphere that is tilted toward the sun receives more direct sunlight during the summer, while winter occurs when the hemisphere is tilted away from the sun.

Which of the following processes occur in the presence of oxygen and proceeds so that glucose is broken down completely to produce energy that is stored in the form of ATP?

aerobic respiration (Objective 0015) aerobic respiration is the process used by plants and animals to transfer energy to cells. Specifically, glucose and oxygen are transported to mitochondria within the cells, where series of chemical reactions convert the glucose and oxygen to water, carbon dioxide and ATP.

Read the passage below, an example of an excerpt from a fourth-grade science textbook; then answer the questions that follows. Approximately 85 percent of the animals in the world can be classified as arthropods - cold-blooded animals that lives on land, in the air, and in the water. While they are different, they share some common traits. Which of the following words from the text would be most appropriate for teaching students to use the strategy of structural analysis to determine a word's meaning?

arthropods (Objectives 0003) Structural analysis refers to the process of using a knowledge of individual word parts to determine the meaning of an unknown word. When reading the word arthropod, students can use a knowledge of the word's prefix (i.e., arthro, ,meaning "joint" ) and root (i.e., pod, meaning "foot" or "leg"), to determine that an arthropod is an animal with jointed pairs of legs (e.g., crustaceans, insects, spiders).

Which if the following tables represents an inversely proportional relationship between x and y?

c. (Look at answers on Number 56 under Objective 0009) When x and y are inversely proportional, they satisfy an equation of the form y = k/x, where k is some constant amount. This division sentence is equivalent the multiplication sentence xy = k. This sentence says that the product of x and y is always the constant k. In the table in response option C, the product of x and y is always 12, so the values in this table satisfy the condition for an inversely proportional relationship.

Use the excerpt below from the Declaration of Independence to answer the question that follows (Look at Number #100 under Objective 0016) This excerpt mostly clearly reflects a belief among the delicates to the Second Continental Congress in which the following principles?

checks and balances (Objective 0016) the grievances voice by Thomas Jefferson in the section of the declaration of independence all center on the power of the king. The references to Tairney indicate that Jefferson is convinced that the king holds too much power. Specifically, this section referenced the lack of any check on the king's influence over the court system. Independent judiciary is a key component of a system of checks and balances.

The following sentence appears in a fifth-grade text: Tourists to the city love visiting its historic sites, but the residents take them for granted. Which of the following types of context clue is most appropriate for a teacher to model using in order to help students determine the meaning of the word residents?

contrast (Objective 0003) Context clues are the words and phrases in the surrounding sentences that give clues to the meaning of a word. Readers can use these clues to infer the meaning in the word is unfamiliar to them. The word but sets up a contrast in meaning between the two clauses in the sentence. leading to correct inference that residents are opposite of tourists.

Use the excerpt below from a fifth-grade student's wiring journal to answer the question that follows. A positive number plus a positive number always equals a positive number. A negative number plus a negative number always equals a negative number. But adding positive numbers and negative numbers is tricky. Sometimes the answer is positive and sometimes it is negative. I think about money when I add positive and negative numbers. Like, if I owe my sister $10 and pay her back $6, I still owe her $4. So negative 10 plus positive 6 equals negative 4. A fifth-grade teacher uses journal writing to strengthen students' writing across content areas. the journal entry demonstrates that an additional benefit of the practice for this student is that it:

deepens the student's understanding of math concepts. (Objective 0005) Research has shown that writing about math processes and concepts benefits student learning in ways that performing computation in isolation cannot. The student uses the journal to reflect on the concept of positive and negative numbers. Evidence in the excerpt demonstrates how the student uses metacognition to deepen understanding of the concept.

Use the problem below to answer the question that follows. There are six teams in a tournament. Each team must play each of the other teams exactly once. How many games will be played? Which of the following problem-solving straggles would be most effective for solving the problem shown?

drawing a diagram (Objective 0008) A diagram with 6 distinct points and each point connected by a path to each of the others can represent the 6 teams and the pairs of teams who play each other. The number of paths is the number of games played.

Which of the following practices would likely be most effective for a fifth-grade teacher to use to help develop word consciousness in students?

encouraging students to discuss well-chosen language they notice in literature (Objective 0003) Word consciousness is the awareness if and interest in words. Developing word consciousness in students helps lead to an appreciation of authors' language styles as well as to the skillful use of words in their own speech and writing. The use of high-quality literature and other authentic texts exposes students to precise, colorful, and impactful language. Encouraging students to identify such language and discuss it with peers is an effective way to help develop their word consciousness.

Use base-ten blocks to model this problem: 60 - 20 = ? To solve the problem shown above, a students places 6 ten-rods on a table and removes 2 of them. Then the student writes 60 - 20 = 4. Which of the following activities would best help the student understand the error in this solution?

exchanging the ten-rods for single cubes (Objective 0008) It appears the the student does not fully understand the meaning of the ten-rods. Exchanging the ten-rods for single cubes would reinforce the meaning of "groups of ten" and the idea that 60 - 20 stands for taking 2 groups of ten from 6 groups of ten, leaving 4 groups of ten.

Which of the following activities best aligns with the developmental sequence of a fourth-grade student learning to compare and order quantities?

expressing the order of two multidigit whole numbers using inequality symbols. (Objective 0008) The Illinois Learning Standards for Mathematics (found in 23 Illinois Administrative Code 1 Appendix D) states the applicable standards are this from within "Common Core State Standards for Mathematics" (2010). Students at this grade level are expanding their understanding of mulidigit numbers and developing fluency in performing operations with them. Therefore, expressing the order of multidigit numbers is the activity best aligned with the development sequence of a fourth-grade student.

Use the sentence below to answer the question that follows. As she floated up the stairs and through the front door of her family's modest apartment, Caroline beamed at the acceptance letter from the school for the performing arts. Which of the following pairs of words would likely provide students with the best context clues for determine Caroline's feelings about the letter?

floated, beamed (Objective 0004) In the sentence, the word floated suggests that Caroline's mood is buoyant, while the word beamed indicates that her smile illuminates her face. The words floated and beamed show how Caroline's inner happiness is revealed in her outward behavior.

Which of the following concepts is common among moments of orbiting planets, tides on earth, and a ball rolling downhill?

gravity (Objective 0015) gravity is one of the four fundamental forces that governs the motion of objects in the universe. Not only does gravity provide the force that regulates the movement of planets but the gravitational pull of the sun in the moon produces earth's tides - a ball roll downhill as earth's gravity pulls the ball towards earth's center.

A teacher would like to promote students' automaticity when reading high-frequency regular and irregular words. Which of the following methods is likely to be most effective for this purpose?

having students engage in repeated oral reading along with a recorded version of a text that includes targeted words. (Objective 0002) In repeated reading, students reread a text multiple times until they can read it accurately. By choosing texts that include high-frequency words, the teacher is providing the students with enough practice so that they can develop automaticity of these words and not focus on decoding them. This in turn makes students' reading more fluent and aids in their text comprehension. In this method, the addition of the recorded text helps students determine the correct pronunciation of unfamiliar words by offering immediate feedback.

Read the passage below from Anne of Green Gables, a novel by Lucy Maud Montgomery; then answer the question that follows. "Did you see all the diamonds those ladies wore?" sighed Jane. "They were simply dazzling. Wouldn't you just love to be rich, girls?" "We are rich", said Anne staunchly. "Why, we have sixteen years to our credit, and we're happy as queens, and we've all got imaginations, more or less. Look at that sea, girls - all silver and shadow and vision of things not seen. We couldn't enjoy its loveliness any more if we had millions of dollars and ropes of diamonds. You wouldn't change into any of those women if you could." Which of the following literary techniques or devices is used most prominently in the passage?

hyperbole (Objective 0004) Hyperbole is exaggeration for the sake of emphasis. To emphasize the idea that monetary wealth is unnecessary for the characters' happiness, Anne states that "millions of dollars and ropes of diamonds" would not make the sea more beautiful than it is or increase the characters' appreciation of its beauty.

Read the excerpt below from a speech delivered by Samual Adams on August 1, 1776; then answer the question that follows. We are now on this continent, to the astonishment of the world, three millions of souls united in one common cause. We have large armies, well disciplined and appointed, with commanders inferior to none in military skill, an superior in activity and zeal. We are furnished with arsenals and stores beyond our most sanguine expectations, and foreign nations are waiting to crown our success by their alliances. There are instances of, I would say, an almost astonishing Providence in our favor: our success has staggered our enemies, an almost given faith to infidels: so that we may truly say it is not our own arm which has saved us. A fifth-grade teacher plane tp have students evaluate Samuel Adam's argument and claims in the excerpt, but recognizes that students will likely have difficulty comprehending the excerpt. Which of the following activities would most effectively enhance students' comprehension of the excerpt?

paraphrasing the excerpt using contemporary language and syntax. (Objective 0004) Antiquated language ("attend to be honest"), Tier Two words (sanguine, alliances, infidels), and the definition of stores in this context will likely challenge fifth-grade students' ability to comprehend the excerpt's meaning. Before students attempt to evaluate Samuel Adam's argument and specific claims, the teacher should guide them in paraphrasing the excerpt using contemporary language and simplified syntax that they can comprehend. Students can then base their evaluation of Adam's argument on the paraphrased version of the excerpt.

Which of the following teacher strategies would most effectively support an entering-level English language learners understanding of academic contact instruction delivered in English?

presenting related graphics, pictures, and other visuals to the student (Objective 0001) Providing entering-level English language learners with visuals is vital to helping them access to information being presented in a language that is not their native language. If they are unable to speak or understand English, or if they are not yet able to process auditory English quickly, the visuals help support their understanding of contact that is provided.

As part of a reading assessment, a teacher listens to a student's read a passage for one minute and marks the errors, recording on the student's chart the number of words read correctly during the minute. The teacher compares the student's reading performance from past performances to determine patterns of growth. The teacher is using which of the following types of assessment?

progress monitoring (Objective 0002) Progress monitoring is used to assess the performance of students, checking for improvements made over a period of time. The results of such assessments can help the teacher gauge the effectiveness of instruction or intervention a student has received and make necessary adjustments. This type of measure is highly reliable, valid, and strongly correlated with reading comprehension.

A third-grade teacher is preparing to read aloud an informational text and engage students in periodic turn-and-talk discussions. When developing the discussion questions, the teacher should place the greatest emphasis on questions that:

promote students' deep understanding of big ideas in the text . (Objective 0006) Turn-and-talk discussions invite students to respond to question to questions that deepen their understanding of concepts being presented. When preparing for the read-aloud, the teacher should identify the big (main) ideas in the text and determine the best places to pause in the reading and ask students questions about the details that support those ideas.

Every day, a different fifth-grade student reads aloud a written report chronicling events that took place in class the day before. The student then asks, "Are there any additions or corrections to the reports?" This activity likely benefits students learning most by:

promoting students' active and critical listening behaviors (Objective 0006) This activity engages students' active and critical listening behaviors in several ways. The student responsible for writing about a days events needs to listen carefully during class, take notes, and synthesize the information to compose a compressive report. When that student reads the report aloud the following day the other students must listen critically to determine whether the report is accurate, mentally noting additions and corrections. If a student proposes a change to the report, the other students will listen to determine whether they agree or disagree with the proposed change. Additionally, students who were absent on the previous day will most likely listen actively to find out what they missed.

A sixth-grade teacher schedules daily class tome for students to read and write about their reading independently. The teacher provides students with a wide variety of texts from which to choose. To best use this reading time to enhance students' vocabulary and background knowledge, which of the following approaches should the teacher take?

providing students with guidance as needed and opportunities to use new learned words. (Objective 0003) One way students build their vocabularies and gain background knowledge is through reading. Teachers who provide students with opportunities to engage in wide, extensive independent reading and combine this with guidance, such as assisting with text choices,. teaching independent reading strategies, and allowing students to write about what they read, are providing students with many opportunities to build their vocabularies and background knowledge.

The teacher is giving instruction to read multisyllabic words with VCV syllable pattern. The teacher explains that a good decoding strategies the first break an unknown word after the first vowel and read the word with an open first syllable. If the word does not sound familiar, the reader should break the word after the consonant and read the word with a closed first syllable. Which of the following words would be appropriate for the teacher to use to model this strategy?

second (Objective 0002) VCV (vowel-consonant-vowel) is one of the six common syllable types in English. Syllabicating a word after the first vowel (V-CV) create an open syllable (i.e., syllable that ends with a vowel), which usually has a long vowel sound. Syllabicating a word after the consonant (VC-V) creates a closed syllable (i.e., a syllable that ends with a consonant), and the vowel usually has a short sound. Reading the word second first as a V-CV word with a long e (sē-cond) and then as a VC-Vword with a short e (sec-ond) is an appropriate way to model the strategy of trying one way to syllabicate the word and then the other in order to read it correctly.