Image production 2
Which film digitizer uses fluorescent bulbs to aid in converting the analog film image into a digital image? 1. Laser 2. CCD 3. TFT 1 only 2 only 1 and 2 1, 2, and 3
2 only
How many bits make up four bytes? 8 16 32 64
32
According to the Government Accounting Office (GAC), there are _______ levels of data in medicine. 1 2 3 4
4
If a PC had a 5.0-GHz CPU, it would have a system clock that would tick ______ billion times per second. 1 3 5 7
5
The wavelength of the PSP reader laser is ______ nm. 336 636 633 366
633
The information storage capacity of a DVD is ______ times more than that of a CD. 1 3 5 7
7
A parallel port sends ______ bit(s) of data through a connection compared with a serial port, which can send ______ bit(s) of data. 8; 2 8; 1 2; 8 1; 8
8; 1
The active layer in a PSP plate is usually made of phosphors from what family group? A. Barium sulfate B. Barium fluorohalide C. Cesium iodide D. Amorphous selenium
B. Barium fluorohalide
Which of the two technologies, CCDs or CMOS, is more susceptible to noise, has a lower light sensitivity, uses very little power, and is inexpensive to manufacture? A. CCD B. CMOS
B. CMOS
Which layer of the PSP plate reduces static electricity? A. Reflective B. Conductive C. Phosphor D. Felt material
B. Conductive
Which of the following measures the efficiency of a system to convert the x-ray input signal into a useful output image? A. MTF B. DQE C. exposure latitude D. spatial resolution
B. DQE
Which of the following is a CQI activity? A. Monitoring image transfer speeds B. Documenting nondiagnostic images C. Performing routine maintenance D. Monitoring testing
B. Documenting nondiagnostic images
A thorough cleaning of the light guide by the technologist will remove white lines parallel to the plate travel. A. True B. False
B. False
If grid lines are present and run parallel to the scanning laser, the image will not have the moiré pattern present. A. True B. False
B. False
Shuttering the digital image will reduce the exposure to the patient. A. True B. False
B. False
The Nyquist theorem states that the sampling frequency must be less than twice the frequency of the input signal. A. True B. False
B. False
The only way to get two overlying images is to double expose the cassette. A. True B. False
B. False
Too much mAs will cause quantum mottle. A. True B. False
B. False
Window width controls the brightness of the image on the display. A. True B. False
B. False
What do dry imagers use to process the latent image on the film? A. Chemicals B. Heat C. Laser D. Light
B. Heat
Which of the following can be done to decrease the chance of having image lag occur in the next image? A. Decrease the amount of time between exposures B. Increase the amount of time between exposures C. Leave Collimation open D. Acquire the image requiring the highest technical factors first
B. Increase the amount of time between exposures.
Which statement best describes a capacitor? A. It converts x-ray photons to light. B. It converts light to an electrical charge and stores it. C. It converts x-ray photons to light and stores it. D. It stores light and converts it from an analog to a digital signal.
B. It converts light to an electrical charge and stores it.
The measurement of the radiation that was incident on the image receptor for a particular exposure is known as: A. KSTD B. KIND C. KTGT D. DI
B. KIND
Which RAID configuration is directly attached to a network? A. DAS B. NAS C. SAN D. all the above
B. NAS
What device in the reader detects the light being released from the PSP plate during reading? A. Laser B. Photodetector C. ADC D. Mirror optics
B. Photodetector
The layer in a CCD chip that contains the electron gates is the: A. Silicon Dioxide layer B. Polysilicon Layer C. Silicon Substrate D. All of the above
B. Polysilicon Layer
The term RAID stands for _______. A. Redundant area of independent disks B. Redundant array of illogical disks C. Redundant array of independent disks D. Retrievable array of inexpensive disks
C. Redundant array of independent disks
Which RAID configuration is a special network of storage devices? A. DAS B. NAS C. SAN D. all the above
C. SAN
The insulating layer in a CCD chip is the: A. Polygonal Layer B. Silicon Substrate C. Silicon Dioxide layer D. Monosilicon Layer
C. Silicon Dioxide layer
The laser excites the electrons trapped in the phosphor centers so that the energy may be released in the form of _____. A. Electrons B. X-rays C. Light D. All of the above
C. Light
Which of the following is not a part of daily/weekly QC for dry laser imagers? A. Ensure that each film printed is free from artifacts. B. Measure steps on the test pattern using a densitometer. C. Note chemical temperatures and levels. D. Make sure the preventive maintenance schedule is completed.
C. Note chemical temperatures and levels.
Which of the following are not found in an AMFPI? A. a-Si TFT with CsI B. a-Se with TFT C. PSP D. Scintillator
C. PSP
Which term describes the act of keeping a complete copy of the archive in another remote location? ASP SAN Disaster recovery All of the above
Disaster recovery
_______ turn semi-conductors into full electrical conductors. Dopants Amplifiers Positive transistors Negative transistors
Dopants
Which radiographic image capture method uses an x-ray absorber material coupled with a thin film transistor, complementary metal oxide semiconductor, or a charge-coupled device (CCD) to form the digital radiographic image? a. PSP b. Film/screen c. MRI d. FPD
FPD
All flat-panel detector systems have the ability to take images faster than the detector can accommodate. True False
False
Digital systems are less sensitive to scatter radiation than film/screen systems. a. True b. False
False
Digitally placed anatomic markers can always be used to determine the correct anatomic side of the patient. a. True b. False
False
Incorrect patient demographic information is unimportant in a PACS. True False
False
It is possible to achieve an MTF of 100%. True False
False
Meaningful Use is a Medicare/Medicaid program that penalizes the use of certified electronic health records (EHR) to improve patient care. True False
False
One major advantage of wet imagers is that they only require an electrical outlet and a network connection. True False
False
One of the functions of the heavy metal case is to shield the components from radio waves and satellite frequencies. True False
False
Patient demographics are unimportant because the RIS will automatically identify all digital images. a. True b. False
False
Similar to CR, DR can use the existing diagnostic equipment found in today's imaging departments. True False
False
The 2-D array determines whether the imager is direct conversion or indirect conversion. True False
False
Which one of the following serves to protect against static build-up, dust collection, and mechanical damage to the imaging plate? Aluminum backing Lightweight plastic Felt material Cassette front
Felt material
Who was the first to incorporate digital imaging with the CT scanner? A. Paul Lauterbur B. Godfrey Hounsfield C. Sol Nudelman D. M. Paul Capp
Godfrey Hounsfield
DICOM was considered better than previous exchange mechanisms for all but which one of the following? A. It runs on top of TCP/IP. B. It required strict image header contents. C. It did not require a conformance system. D. It embraced an open standard of development.
It did not require a conformance system.
Which of the following best describes the sequence for PSP image capture? A. Phosphor plate, focused laser light scanner, photomultiplier, digital-analog converter, review station B. Phosphor plate, focused laser light scanner, photodensitometer, digital-analog converter, review station C. Phosphor plate, focused laser light scanner, photodensitometer, analog-digital converter, review station D. Phosphor plate, focused laser light scanner, photomultiplier, analog-digital converter, review station
Phosphor plate, focused laser light scanner, photomultiplier, analog-digital converter, review station
Wireless connections require all except which one of the following? Infrared or radiofrequencies Consideration of wall thickness Physical cabling Transmitter/receiver
Physical cabling
The acronym PACS stands for which of the following terms? a. Picture arrival computer system b. Picture archival computer system c. Picture arrival communication system d. Picture archiving and communication system
Picture archiving and communication system
Which term best describes a basic picture element on a display? Matrix Pixel Dot pitch Resolution
Pixel
A generic term that is used to describe a programmable electronic device that can store, retrieve, and process data is a ______. A. Network B. Thin-Client C. Protocol D. Computer
d. computer
What workstation function will allow the user the ability to arrange a certain number of images per monitor per modality? A. study navigation B. flip/ rotate C. pan D. hanging protocols
d. hanging protocols
Which advanced image manipulation function will allow the radiologist to view several different anatomic planes from the original acquired sagittal images? A. shaded surface display B. volume rendering technique C. maximum intensity project D. multiplanar reconstruction
d. multiplanar reconstruction
The measure of whether all images completed at the modality make it to the PACS is testing monitor quality. processing speed. data integrity. image transfer speed.
data integrity.
Early reconstruction of raw CT data took a few ______ to form a recognizable image. A. minutes B. hours C. days
days
Using an FOV that is much larger than the part being examined will: A. increase resolution. B. decrease the size of the matrix. C. decrease the sampling rate. D. decrease resolution.
decrease resolution.
Collimation to a smaller area: increases scatter. increases amount of tissue irradiated. decreases resolution. decreases Compton interactions.
decreases Compton interactions.
The network connection that uses glass threads to transmit data is: coaxial. twisted pair. fiber optic. infrared.
fiber optic.
The components that focus the signal from the scintillators to the CCD are called detector elements. capacitors. fiber optics. analog-digital converters.
fiber optics.
A device that acts like a switch to send electrical charges to the image processor in a direct conversion flat-panel detector is known as a ______ transistor. thin-field field-effect thin-film field-energy
field-effect
Informatic problems involve ___________, while computer science problems involve ____________________. isolated data; information information; isolated data Both of the above None of the above
information; isolated data
A barcode reader is a type of ______ device. processing input output
input
Quantum mottle is caused by: excessive mA-s. excessive kVp. insufficient distance. insufficient light.
insufficient light.
Defective pixels can result from all of the following except chemical corrosion. static discharge. software programs. age.
software programs.
The amount of detail present in any image is known as ______ resolution. contrast density spatial optical
spatial
Automatic rescaling means that images are produced, regardless of the amount of exposure, with: A. uniform size and shape. B. uniform contrast and density. C. variable size and shape. D. variable contrast and density.
uniform contrast and density.
The most common connection medium for a LAN is: coaxial. twisted pair. fiber optic. infrared.
twisted pair.
Indirect conversion in flat-panel detectors is a ____-step process. one two three four
two
Possible causes of image lag include all but: rapid succession images. overexposure. lack of beam attention. underexposure.
underexposure.
The ______ converts x-ray energy directly to a digital electrical signal. A. photoconductor B. photomultiplier C. scintillator D. TLD
photoconductor
The x-ray absorber typically used in direct capture DR is a: A. photodiode. B. phototransistor. C. photoconductor. D. photoelectron.
photoconductor.
Each square in a matrix is called a: A. matrix element B. picture element. C. bit. D. byte.
picture element.
If the number of ______ increase(s) on a monitor, resolution ______. pixels; decreases matrices; decreases pixels; improves dot pitch; improves
pixels; improves
A film imager is also known as a film: digitizer. printer. duplicator. none of the above.
printer.
When compared with a CMOS, CCDs A. are less light sensitive. B. are more susceptible to noise. C. use more than 100 times the power. D. are inexpensive to manufacture.
use more than 100 times the power.
The ICD-10-CM is used for which of the following? Recording data Tag data and information Improving data Maintaining data
Tag data and information
A computer network that spans a large area such as a city, state, nation, or continent is known as a: WAN. large area network. peer-to-peer network. client-based network.
WAN.
In which system architecture do the images and application software reside on a central server? Client/server-based system Distributed system Web-based system Image manager system
Web-based system
If the entire range of exposure were digitized, pixel values representing ______ would be digitized. scatter only diagnostic values only the extreme values all values
all values
When insufficient light is produced by the imaging plate phosphor, the image will: not be formed. be grainy. be dark. be detailed.
be grainy.
A connection device that can bring two or more networks together that speak the same language is known as a: hub. switch. bridge. router.
bridge.
How dark or light a digital image appears on a display monitor is known as: A. density. B. contrast resolution. C. brightness. D. spatial resolution.
brightness.
Image level parameters control image: brightness. darkness. contrast. density.
brightness.
Memory is measured in hertz. joules. bits. bytes.
bytes.
Clinical applications for CCDs include all of the following except: digital fluoroscopy. computed tomography fluoroscopy. digital mammography. general radiography.
computed tomography fluoroscopy.
The part of DICOM that ensures that modalities can communicate with existing image-viewing devices is: conformance statement. message exchange. data dictionary. data structures.
conformance statement.
In which decade was MRI first introduced? A. 1950s B. 1960s C. 1970s D. 1980s
1980s
The first version of DICOM was completed in: 1975. 1985. 1995. 2005.
1985.
Manufacturers make efforts to maintain a standard of less than ________ defective pixels. 0.01-0.02% 0.1-0.2% 1-2% None of the above
0.1-0.2%
How many bytes are needed to store one alphanumeric character? 1 8 32 64
1
Which of the following are true regarding the image manager? 1. Contains the master database of all on the archive 2. Controls the receipt of all images 3. Stores images in its database 1 and 2 1 and 3 2 and 3 1, 2, and 3
1 and 2
Which of the following are types of optical disks? 1. MOD 2. DLT 3. UDO 1 and 2 1 and 3 1 only 1, 2, and 3
1 and 3
Which of the following would be considered advantages of a client/server-based system? 1. Any image can be seen anywhere without interventions. 2. Even if the archive goes down, images can still be seen at all workstations. 3. Only one person can open a study with the intent to read it, and others will be told that the study is being read by someone else. 1 and 2 1 and 3 2 and 3 1, 2, and 3
1 and 3
A PACS consists of: 1. image acquisition. 2. display workstation. 3. archive servers. 1 and 2 1 and 3 2 and 3 1, 2, and 3
1, 2, and 3
What factors might be used when determining the best type of monitor for each workstation? 1. Resolution 2. Size 3. Monitor orientation 1 and 2 1 and 3 2 and 3 1, 2, and 3
1, 2, and 3
Which of the following are common uses of a film digitizer? 1. Compare outside films 2. Computed aided diagnosis 3. Remote viewing of analog images 1 and 2 1 and 3 2 and 3 1, 2, and 3
1, 2, and 3
Storage capacity for early hard drives was: 10 GB. 100 GB. 10 MB. 100 MB.
10 MB.
A perfect image processing system would have an MTF of: 1%. 10%. 100%. 1000%.
100%.
The look-up table that is used to determine the brightness and contrast of an image is unique for each anatomic part. A. True B. False
A. True
Overexposure will reduce the contrast resolution of the image. A. True B. False
A. True
The barcode label is used by the reader to identify the PSP plate. A. True B. False
A. True
When did the field of informatics start? A. 1950s B. 1960s C. 1970s D. 1980s
A. 1950s
Which of the following represents observations or symbols of differences in nature. A. Data B. Information C. Knowledge D. Wisdom
A. Data
Which of following removes some limitations of handwritten records such as readability, efficiency, productivity, quality of care, and patient safety? A. EHR B. CDSS C. Patient lists D. Registries
A. EHR
Which of the following acts first addressed patient information security? A. HIPPA B. HITECH C. ARRA D. meaningful use
A. HIPPA
The useful signal is determined during which part of image processing? A. Image sampling B. Histogram analysis C. Exposures indices analysis D. Digitization
A. Image sampling
The number of electron/hole pairs is related to the amount of: A. Light absorbed B. Electric charge C. Incident x-rays D. Reflected light
A. Light absorbed
Which layer of the PSP plate sends light in a more forward direction when released in the reader? A. Reflective B. Conductive C. Phosphor D. Support
A. Reflective
Aliasing occurs when the sampling frequency is not greater than twice the frequency of the input signal. A. True B. False
A. True
Dark line artifacts can be caused by too much kVp in an exposure. A. True B. False
A. True
Gain calibration will remove inherent detector artifacts from an image. A. True B. False
A. True
Most CMOS detectors use both N-type and P-type transistors to form the electrically controlled gate. A. True B. False
A. True
Offset correction is used to remove inherent signal that remains in a detector. A. True B. False
A. True
Data is ______ and knowledge is ______. A. representation of observations in nature; information that can be justified B. information that can be justified; representation of observations in nature C. representation of observations in nature; use of critical thinking to make sound, intelligent decisions D. use of critical thinking to make sound, intelligent decisions; information that can be justified
A. representation of observations in nature; information that can be justified
Dynamic range is the ability of a digital imaging system to respond to varying levels of exposure. A. true B. false
A. true
Spatial resolution in digital imaging is dependent on pixel size. A. true B. false
A. true
Level 2 data is A. unstructured, viewable electronic data such as paper forms that have been scanned into a computer. B. structured, viewable electronic data electronically entered that cannot be computed by other computers. C. non-electric data such as paper forms and handwritten notes. D. All of the above
A. unstructured, viewable electronic data such as paper forms that have been scanned into a computer.
Electronic health records (EHRs) include which of the following? A. Easy navigation through the patient's records B. Immediate availability of entered information C. Pull down selection lists D. All of the above
All of the above
Health informatics includes which of the following? a. Acquisition of health care information b. Storage of health care information c. Retrieval of health care information d. All of the above
All of the above
Information technology includes hardware. data algorithms. software. All of the above
All of the above
The EHR may include patient risk information. vital signs. calculators. All of the above
All of the above
Where can QC standards be found for monitoring a PACS system? A. American College of Radiology B. American Association of Physicists in Medicine C. The equipment vendor D. All of the above
All of the above
Which of the following describes a super user? A. Someone trained on all aspects of the system B. Someone prepared to train others C. Someone who sets up ongoing training programs D. All of the above
All of the above
Which of the following is true regarding EHRs? A. Structured data B. Unstructured data C. Eliminates the issue of interpreting handwriting styles D. All of the above
All of the above
Which part of the PACS houses all of the historic digital image data along with the current digital data being generated by the modalities? Archive Display workstation File room Review workstation
Archive
Which of the following statements is true? A. Quantum efficiency and detective quantum efficiency are the same. B. Quantum efficiency will affect detective quantum efficiency. C. Quantum efficiency has no effect on detective quantum efficiency. D. Quantum efficiency is the absolute efficiency of the amount of light collected.
B. Quantum efficiency will affect detective quantum efficiency.
Too little mAs can cause which artifact? A. Overexposure B. Quantum mottle C. Moiré effect D. Scatter
B. Quantum mottle
A solid chemical element or compound doped with impurities that make it highly conductive is known as a: A. Dopant B. Semiconductor C. Transitor D. Capacitor
B. Semiconductor
Which detector(s) converts X-ray energy to directly into electrons? A. a-Si TFT with CsI B. a-Se with TFT C. a-Si TFT with Gd2O2S D. All of the above
B. a-Se with TFT
The best component in a digital system will determine the resolution in a digital image. A. true B. false
B. false
The amount of tissue included in the image is referred to as: A. collimation B. field of view C. inclusion D. digital view
B. field of view
The series of connections, controllers, and chips that create the information highway within the computer system is known as the: motherboard. BIOS. BUS. memory.
BUS.
The first full-scale PACS was installed in 1993 in: A. Boston. B. Philadelphia. C. New York. D. Baltimore.
Baltimore.
UNIX was developed by: Microsoft. Dell. Bell. Hewlett-Packard.
Bell.
A Gd2O2S scintillator is known as what type of phosphor? Turbid Unstructured Structured Both A and B
Both A and B (Turbid and Unstructured)
Quality aspects to be evaluated in radiology include ______-centered characteristics. people product Both of the above Neither of the above
Both of the above
In digital projection radiography, what process is used to normalize an image that has been taken with too great of an exposure? A. High-pass filtering B. Low-pass filtering C. Automatic rescaling D. Aliasing
C. Automatic rescaling
Which one of the following does not describe a collection of an individual's health information? A. EHR B. CMR C. CDW D. CPR
C. CDW
A charge-coupled device (CCD) does all of the following except: A. Reduce the size of the projected light image B. Transfer the image to a capacitor C. Convert light into x-ray photons D. Act as receptors via lenses or fiber optics
C. Convert light into X-ray photons
Which of the following describes the transmission of consistent information? A. Conceptual model B. Computations model C. Interoperability D. Vocabulary
C. Interoperability
Which of the following describes information that can be justified as being correct or true? A. Data B. Information C. Knowledge D. Wisdom
C. Knowledge
After processing the image, strange artifacts are present that look metallic but are not present on the patient or table. Which of the following could be the cause of these artifacts? A. There were snaps and zippers on the patient's clothing. B. The wrong grid was used. C. The cassette was backward. D. The bucky was too slow.
C. The cassette was backward.
Which of the following are not considered scintillators? A. Gd2O2S B.CsI C. a-Se D. None of the above
C. a-Se
Three major categories of QC testing that can be used at various times include A. routine testing, acceptance testing, and problem maintenance. B. error testing, problem maintenance, and routine maintenance. C. acceptance testing, routine maintenance, and error maintenance. D. problem testing, acceptance maintenance, and routine maintenance.
C. acceptance testing, routine maintenance, and error maintenance.
An image formed by recording a continuous changing signal is known as: A. photographic B. digital C. analog D. electric
C. analog
Barriers to gathering health information include A. storing information in an indestructible manner. B. access to information by clinicians. C. cost of technology. D. access to information by patients.
C. cost of technology.
The arrangement of pixels in rows and columns is known as: A. pixilation B. matriculation C. matrix D. spatial
C. matrix
Contrast resolution is a digital system's ability to: A. record noise interference B. separate structures from noise C. show small differences in gray levels. D. allow lower kVp and higher mAs values
C. show small differences in gray levels.
Which term describes the technology that allows a film to be digitized and then analyzed by a computer to alert the radiologist of possible questionable areas on a radiograph? CAD TFT CCD Teleradiology
CAD
A device that acts like a camera in an indirect conversion detector is known as a: CCD. field-effect transistor. CMOS thin-field transistor.
CCD.
The indirect conversion detector system that requires optical coupling and image size reduction is known as a: CCD. field-effect transistor. CMOS. thin-field transistor.
CCD.
Which of the following flat-panel detector technologies was developed by NASA? CCD Field-effect transistor CMOS Thin-field transistor
CMOS
A detector in which each pixel has its own amplifier is known as a: CCD. field-effect transistor. CMOS. thin-field transistor.
CMOS.
A highly efficient indirect conversion system that takes up less fill space than CCDs is known as a(n): analog to digital converter. field-effect transistor. CMOS. thin-field transistor.
CMOS.
Which of the following statements is not true? A. Matrix size can change without affecting the FOV. B. FOV can change without affecting the matrix. C. Changing the matrix or the FOV will change the size of the pixel. D. Changing the matrix and the FOV will not change the size of the pixel.
Changing the matrix and the FOV will not change the size of the pixel.
Which of the following is NOT a barrier for informatics? A. Time to read and research B. Cost of implementation C. Lack of information D. Multiple people with access
D. Multiple people with access
Which of the following is the use of knowledge (critical thinking) to make sound, intelligent decisions? A. Data B. Information C. Knowledge D. Wisdom
D. Wisdom
Which of the following is used as a photodetector? A. Gd2O2S B. CsI C. a-Se D. a-Si:H
D. a-Si:H
Which RAID level is often seen in PACS archives? A. 0 B. 1 C. 3 D. 5
D. 5
The purpose of the ARRA is to ________________________. You Answered A. promote the meaningful use of health information technology B. identify violations in health information technology C. promote the adoption of health information technology D. A and C
D. A and C
A clinical decision support system is designed to help clinicians make decisions by utilizing a large database for A. possible diagnosis. B. recommended treatments. C. recommended assessments. D. All of the above
D. All of the above
The PSP plate is erased: A. After every PSP plate is read B. By flooding it with bright light C. Manually by selecting the proper eraser method D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Which of the following is a component of the EHR? A. Clinical Decision Support System B. Electronic calculations C. Patient lists and registries D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Which processing technique will amplify particular known frequencies in an image while suppressing others? A. Edge enhancement B. High-pass filtering C. Masking D. All of the above
D. All of the above
A Gd2O2S scintillator is known as what type of phosphor? A. Turbid B. Unstructured C. Structured D. Both A and B E. Both A and C
D. Both A and B
Which type of absorbing material requires a capacitor as the storage element? A. a-Se B. Photoconductor C. Scintillator D. Both A and B
D. Both A and B
Which of the following databases help determine patient risk? A. ERA B. HCC C. a only D. Both a and b
D. Both a and b
A system that used scintillators that convert X-rays to light, light to electric charge, and store the charge in capacitors is known as a: A. CCD B. ADC C. Image intensifier D. CMOS
D. CMOS
The difference between the actual exposure and the target exposure is known as the: A. KSTD B. KIND C. KTGT D. DI
D. DI
What device will scan an analog X-ray film into a PACS? A. Image server B. Image manager C. Film imager D. Film digitizer
D. Film digitizer
A graphical representation of a digital image is called a _____. A. Matrix B. Pixel C. Look-up table D. Histogram
D. Histogram
Which processing parameter will put together multiple images into one single image for display? A. Magnification B. Automatic rescaling C. Image orientation D. Image stitching
D. Image stitching
What does a photo conductor do? A. It produces light when absorbing x-rays B. It produces x-rays when absorbing light C. It absorbs Light and produces electric charges D. It absorbs x-rays and produces electrical charges
D. It absorbs X-rays and produces electrical charges.
Which statement best describes a charge-coupled device (CCD)? A. It is the oldest direct conversion technology that is still in use today. B. It is the oldest direct conversion technology with limited use today. C. It is the oldest indirect conversion technology that is no longer used in medical imaging. D. It is the oldest indirect conversion technology used in a variety of image capture applications.
D. It is the oldest indirect conversion technology used in a variety of image capture applications.
A dot triad is a grouping of: A. one red dot, one green dot, and one yellow dot. B. one green dot, one blue dot, and one yellow dot. C. one red dot, one blue dot, and one yellow dot. D. one green dot, one blue dot, and one red dot.
D. one green dot, one blue dot, and one red dot.
The readout process requires that _______ and _______. A. electrons flow freely when the gates are open; voltage stays consistent B. the flow of electrons is timed; voltage stays consistent C. electrons flow freely when the gates are open; multiple voltage changes occur D. the flow of electrons is timed; multiple voltage changes occur
D. the flow of electrons is timed; multiple voltage changes occur
In what format must images be in so that they can be sent throughout the image viewing system? a. PACS b. DICOM c. FPD d. PSP
DICOM
A universally accepted standard for exchanging medical imaging via a networked set of display workstations, archive, and imaging modalities is: HIPAA. DICOM. HL-7. all of the above.
DICOM.
The almost universally accepted standard for exchanging medical images is known as: NEMA. ACR. DICOM. TCP/IP.
DICOM.
Which device scans an analog film and produces numeric signals based on the appearance of the film? Film digitizer Film imager Burner Archive server
Film digitizer
Which radiographic image capture method uses chemical development to produce the manifest image? a. Computed tomography b. Fluoroscopy c. Film/screen radiography d. Photostimulable phosphor system
Film/screen radiography
Which function can be used to orient the image in the anatomic hanging position? Pan and zoom ROI Annotations Flip and rotate
Flip and rotate
In reference to PSP image capture, to release the latent image, which of the following devices is scanned over the phosphor plate? A. Photomultiplier tube B. Fluorescent light C. Focused laser light D. Lithium crystal
Focused laser light
Which company was the first to introduce PSP imaging commercially in the United States? a. Carestream (kodak) b. Fuji c. Agfa d. Konica
Fuji
"Legislation providing data privacy and security for medical information" is the definition of HITECH. HIPAA. ARRA. None of the above
HIPAA.
The standard that oversees most computerized clinical and administrative data is known as: DICOM. HL-7. RIS. HIS.
HL-7.
What do dry imagers use to develop the image on the film? Heat Developer Fixer Water
Heat
Which workstation might be used to print copies of images or burn images to a CD for outside use? Primary reading Referring physician Technologist QC Image management
Image management
Which of the following can be done to decrease the chance of having image lag occur in the next image? A. Decrease the amount of time between exposures. B. Increase the amount of time between exposures. C. Leave collimation open. D. Acquire the image requiring the highest technical factors first.
Increase the amount of time between exposures.
The measurement for radiation that was incident on the image receptor for a particular exposure is known as: Gy. KSTD. KIND. KTGT.
KIND.
When x-rays strike a photostimulable phosphor material, ______ is released. a. Light b. Electrons c. Heat d. Protons
Light
The exposure latitude of digital projection radiography responds in a ________ manner. a. Nonlinear b. Linear
Linear
What term is used to describe a database that is running two identical databases simultaneously? Image manager Server Mirrored Striped
Mirrored
Which set of functions is used to move through images, series, studies, and patients? a. Navigation b. Image management c. Image manipulation and enhancement d. Advanced workstation
Navigation
Which of the following is a disadvantage of the EHR? Software requirements Workflow change Hardware requirements One-on-one interactions
One-on-one interactions
Most modern keyboards connect to the back of the box using a ______ connection. PS/1 PS/2 PS/3 PS/4
PS/2
"A plan for the systematic observation and assessment of the different aspects of a project, service, or facility to make certain that standards of quality are being met" is the definition of QA. continuous quality improvement (CQI). total quality management (TQM). QC.
QA
"A comprehensive set of activities designed to monitor and maintain systems that produce a product" is the definition of QC. QA. CQI. TQM.
QC.
"Write once, read many" is represented by which of the following identifiers? ROM RO R RW
R
In which RAID level are all data mirrored on two disks? RAID 0 RAID 1 RAID 3 RAID 5
RAID 1
In which RAID level are all data and error corrections (parity) striped across all connected disks? RAID 0 RAID 1 RAID 3 RAID 5
RAID 5
Which of the following is not a QC activity that should be monitored in a PACS environment? Display quality Processing speed Repeat analysis Data integrity
Repeat analysis
Which advanced function allows the user to remove all tissue above and below a certain threshold and to show the object in three-dimensions for better visualization? MPR MIP MinIP SSD
SSD
Which advanced function allows the user to put multiple images together into one single image, such as in a scoliosis series? Image postprocessing MPR Stitching VRT
Stitching
What term is used to describe the reading of images outside of the hospital walls, generally at home or in remote locations? Teleradiology Offsite reporting Long-range reporting Home-based reading
Teleradiology
Which term is used to describe the process of transferring images to remote locations for reading by a radiologist? Long-range image viewing Teleradiology Computed radiology Distance reading
Teleradiology
Most health care institutions are accredited by The Joint Commission (TJC). the Hospital Association. the Workforce Commission. the National Healthcare Institute.
The Joint Commission (TJC).
Air kerma is the measurement of radiation energy absorbed in a unit of air. True False
True
DICOM is a standard that allows imaging modalities and PACS to communicate in the same language. True False
True
Early PACS radiologists believed that they needed four to six monitors to view images. True False
True
Health informatics deals with patient health information such as lab and x-ray reports. True False
True
Indirect capture DR converts absorbed x-ray energy into visible light. A. True B. False
True
Interoperability is a term used to describe the transmission of information and it must be consistent. True False
True
Light exposing the film is in direct proportion to the amount and energy of the incident photon upon the screen. True False
True
Many PACS reading stations also have image-processing capabilities. True False
True
Offset correction is used to remove inherent signal that remains in a detector. True False
True
The absorption material can be attached to the pixel array electrically or physically. True False
True
The number of electron-hole pairs produced is related to the amount of light absorbed. True False
True
The operating system software acts as a bridge between applications and hardware. True False
True
The reflection of ambient light can be problematic with monochromatic monitors. True False
True
Raw data used to form the image histogram are compared with: A. a normal histogram referenced by the computer. B. all histograms stored for that anatomic part. C. the last histogram of that anatomic part. D. none of these.
a normal histogram referenced by the computer.
The CPU is: the PC encasement. an external storage device. a microprocessor found on the motherboard. a stand-alone microprocessor.
a microprocessor found on the motherboard.
Which of the following is not considered a scintillator? Gd2O2S CsI a-Se None of the above
a-Se
Which of the following is used as a photoconductor? Gd2O2S a-Se a-Si:H Cesium iodide (CsI)
a-Se
In which PACS architecture is the archive the central repository for all images? A. client/server B. distributed
a. client/server
Which of the following network communication medium has a single conductive wire surrounded by a grounded shield of braided wire? A. Coaxial cable B. Twisted-pair wire C. Fiber optic cable D. Ethernet
a. coaxial cable
What part of the archive contains the master database of everything contained within the archive? A. Image manager B. Image storage C. Archive server D. Both b and c
a. image manager
What is the simplest network hardware device that can be used to connect several computers? A. Network hub B. Network Switch C. Network interface card D. Network Router
a. network hub
A systematic observation and assessment of different aspects of a radiology department would be what kind of activity? a. quality assurance b. quality control c. quality adjustment d. quality enhancement
a. quality assurance
Which advanced image manipulation function will allow the technologist to join multiple images together as one? A. stitching B. appending C. volume rendering technique D. multiplanar reconstruction
a. stitching
What keeps the radio frequencies generated within the computer electronics from interfering with outside devices? A. the case B. the motherboard C. the CPU D. the bus
a. the case
Photoconductors are materials that: A. produce light when absorbing x-rays. B. produce x-rays when absorbing light. C. absorb light and produce electric charges. D. absorb x-rays and produce electrical charges.
absorb x-rays and produce electrical charges.
Testing performed before newly installed or majorly repaired equipment can be accepted by the department is called ______ testing. routine error problem acceptance
acceptance
The layer of the imaging plate that traps electrons during exposure is the ______ layer. protective reflective active support
active
Deviation index is the difference between _____ and _____expressed in logarithmic fashion. A. actual exposure (KIND); target exposure (KTGT) B. standard exposure (KSTD); actual exposure (KIND) C. standard exposure (KSTD); target exposure (KTGT)
actual exposure (KIND); target exposure (KTGT)
Two or more objects sharing resources and information or computers, terminals, and servers interconnected by communication channels is a definition of a: local area network (LAN). wide area network (WAN). computer network. all of the above.
all of the above.
When specialized pixels in a complementary metal oxide silicon system are struck with x-ray photons: A. the x-ray photons are converted into light. B. light photons are stored in capacitors. C. light photons are converted into electrical charges. D. all of the above.
all of the above.
Indirect DR uses ________ as the photoconductor material. A. calcium tungstate B. amorphous selenium C. amorphous silicon D. gadolinium oxysulfide
amorphous silicon
The type of flat-panel detector that uses thin films of silicon integrated with arrays of photodiodes is known as a(n): CsI detector. charge-coupled device. CMOS. amorphous silicon detector.
amorphous silicon detector.
Quantum efficiency is a measurement of the: A. amount of electron-hole pairs held by the electrostatic force. B. percentage of light that is absorbed. C. amount of electrons produced relative to the incident light from the scintillator. D. total amount of light that is absorbed.
amount of electrons produced relative to the incident light from the scintillator.
The continuous and varying levels of brightness and colors describes _____ images. A. analog B. digital C. medical D. radiographic
analog
The active element in a storage phosphor is: A. lithium. B. glutaraldehyde. C. europium. D. barium fluorohalide.
barium fluorohalide.
The place where records or documents are preserved for historic purposes is the: a. workstation. b. archive. c. file cabinet. d. redundant array of independent disks (RAID).
archive.
In an effort to display the pixels for the area of interest when exposure is greater or less than what is needed to produce an image, ______ occurs. overexposure underexposure automatic collimation automatic rescaling
automatic rescaling
What organization accredits most hospitals in the United States? a. CQI b. TJC c. TQM d. OSHA
b. TJC
Which is considered the most versatile type of port found on a computer? A. Parallel B. USB C. IDE D. SCSI
b. USB
Which PACS device stores the historic image data to be viewed along with current studies? A. display workstation B. archive server C. file room workstation D. technologist QC workstation
b. archive server
On a server-based network, each computer is considered equal. true false
b. false
Random access memory will retain stored information after the computer has been shut down. True False
b. false
The network card is designed to take the brunt of the force during a power surge. True False
b. false
What is the largest circuitry board inside the computer? A. CPU B. Motherboard C. memory D. BIOS
b. motherboard
What is an agreed-upon set of rules that data use to move through a network? A. Topology B. Network Protocol C. Mesh D. NIC
b. network protocol
A comprehensive set of activities designed to monitor and maintain systems that produce a product would be what kind of activity? a. quality assurance b. quality control c. quality adjustment d. quality enhancement
b. quality control
In which type of workstation can changes not be made to the patient demographics of an image set? A. reading workstation B. review workstation C. technologist QC workstation D. file room workstation
b. review workstation
Which of the following types of computer found on a network can work independently of the network and process/ manage its own files but still share printing and storage? A. Thin client B. thick client C. server D. All the above
b. thick client
How many bits are in a single byte? A. 0 B. 1 C. 8 D. 16
c. 8
Which of the following is used to move medical images from the modality to the viewing/ storage device? A. NEMA B. HL-7 C. DICOM D. ANSI
c. DICOM
Which type of monitor is most common in hospitals? A. OLED B. CRT C. LCD D. Plasma
c. LCD
What is done after the installation of new equipment to determine if the equipment is performing to vendor specifications? a. error maintenance b. routine maintenance c. acceptance testing d. all of the above
c. acceptance testing
Other than printing films, another alternative would be to: a. digitize the image into the PACS. b. have the physician come to the hospital to view the images. c. burn images to an optical disk. d. do both a and b.
c. burn images to an optical disk.
Which of the following is the most delicate network communication medium? A. Coaxial cable B. Twisted-pair wire C. Fiber optic cable D. Ethernet
c. fiber optic cable
What provides the interface between the computer and the network medium? A. Network hub B. Network Switch C. Network interface card D. Network Router
c. network interface card
What device is used to measure the luminance of a monitor? a. ammeter b. voltmeter c. photometer d. barometer
c. photometer
What does the acronym PACS stand for? A. picture access computer system B. permanent archival computer system C. picture archiving and communication system D. permanent access communication system
c. picture archiving and communication system
What term is used to describe a layer of archive storage? A. Disk B. Database C. Tier D. None of the above
c. tier
In the binary code, the value of one is assigned when a transistor is _____ and the current _____ through. open; passes closed; passes open; does not pass closed; does not pass
closed; passes
Cable consisting of a center conducting wire surrounded by insulation and a grounded shield of braided wire is called: coaxial. twisted pair. fiber optic. infrared.
coaxial.
The area of a DR detector DEL that is insensitive to x-ray exposure A. consists of the DEL electronics. B. is the same between manufacturers. C. has little to do with the fill factor. D. all of the above.
consists of the DEL electronics.
The ability of a digital system to display subtle changes in shades of gray is called: A. image quality. B.contrast resolution. C. spatial resolution. D. dynamic range.
contrast resolution.
Detector performance is measured with all of the following except A. spatial resolution. B. observation of flow contrast objects in a phantom. C. DQE. D. contrast.
contrast.
TJC accreditation is necessary for a hospital to a. hold certain licenses. b. obtain reimbursements from insurance companies. c. receive malpractice insurance. d. All of the above
d. All of the above
Which of the following is a quality control activity performed in a PACS environment? a. image transfer speed b. image processing speed c. data integrity measure d. All of the above
d. All of the above
What device runs the start-up instructions during boot-up of the computer? A. CPU B. Motherboard C. memory D. BIOS
d. BIOS
Which of the following are network classifications based on geographic location? A. LAN B. WAN C. MAN D. All the above
d. all of the above
Which of the following are types of computer mice? A. Infrared B. Mechanical C. Optical D. All of the above
d. all of the above
In which type of network does a centralized computer have control over the entire network? A. Peer-to-peer B. server-based C. Client-Based D. Both b and c
d. both b and c
What part of the archive contains the physical storage of images within the archive? A. Image manager B. Image storage C. Archive server D. Both b and c
d. both b and c
The number of bits per pixel is known as bit: pitch. depth. height. width.
depth.
Multiple numeric values divided into an array of small elements capable of being processed is the definition of _____ images. A. analog B. digital C. medical D. radiographic
digital
The optical mirror in the reader: A. directs the laser beam to the imaging plate surface. B. forms the laser beam into a circle. C. causes the laser beam to diverge. D. creates the laser beam.
directs the laser beam to the imaging plate surface.
Any computer that a health care worker uses to view a digital image is a(n): archive. Web server. image manager. display workstation.
display workstation.
Exposure latitude is to conventional radiography as _______ is to DR. A. characteristic response B. linear manner C. subject contrast D. dynamic range
dynamic range
A system's ability to respond to varying levels of exposure, resulting in more detail, is referred to as: A. spatial resolution. B. dynamic range. C. contrast resolution. D. dynamic resolution.
dynamic range.
Which of the following are considered long-term storage devices? A. MOD B. DVD C. DLT D. RAID E. all the above
e. all the above
Amplification of the frequencies of the areas of interest is known as: A. algorithm application. B. center enhancement. C. edge enhancement. D. masking.
edge enhancement.
Continuous quality improvement tends to focus on the people or the service rather than on the process. false true
false
Digital right and left markers should be used to indicate the anatomic side imaged. true false
false
In a web-based system, images are sent directly from the modality to a display workstation for image interpretation. true false
false
Monitor type and configuration are of no concern when implementing a PACS in a radiology department. true false
false
Printer image quality is of no importance in a digital environment. true false
false
The number of grid lines per centimeter or lines per inch describes grid: frequency. ration. focus. size.
frequency.
All of the following are components of a PACS except: A. independent kilovoltage peak and milliampere-second stations. B. Web access. C. multiple interfaces. D. reading stations.
independent kilovoltage peak and milliampere-second stations.
The higher the number of pixels in a matrix, the: A. higher the image resolution. B. lower the image resolution. C. lack of effect on image resolution. D. smaller the image.
higher the image resolution.
A GUI is best known as a(n): word command. file command. icon. memory unit.
icon.
A look-up table maps: A. latent images. B. subject contrasts. C. image gray scale values. D. optical density.
image gray scale values.
A database that keeps track of how the images are related and provides search capability is a(n): workflow manager. security manager. image storage. image manager.
image manager.
The selection of the incorrect body part from the examination menu may result in: A. no image. B. image misinterpretation. C. proper density and contrast. D. no difference in image sharpness.
image misinterpretation.
Focal spot and OID affect image sharpness _____ imaging. A. only in film/screen B. only in digital C. in both film/screen and digital D. in neither film/screen nor digital
in both film/screen and digital
Shuttering is a postexposure image manipulation technique that: A. is placed on the patient. B. is placed on the cassette. C. is added to the screen image. D. changes the amount of scatter.
is added to the screen image.
To make a valid performance measure in any QC activity, documentation must be written in ink. performed by the manager. kept in a notebook. kept up to date.
kept up to date.
The range of exposure values the image detector is able to produce is known as: A. dynamic range. B. modulation transfer. C. latitude. D. detective quantum efficiency.
latitude.
Averaging the frequency of each pixel with surrounding pixel values to remove high-frequency noise is called: A. high-pass filtering. B. low-pass filtering. C. edge enhancement. D. noise enhancement.
low-pass filtering.
Whereas QA/QC programs focus on ______ quality, CQI focuses on ______ the process. verifying; recording recording; verifying maintaining; improving improving; maintaining
maintaining; improving
The ability to send images to local network stations can be accomplished using the: archive query. patient demographic input. QC query. manual send function.
manual send function.
A square table of numbers that represents the intensity to be displayed on the monitor is a: matrix. pixel. resolution. dot pitch.
matrix.
A histogram displays the useful signal by locating: A. all pixel values. B. maximum and minimum signal. C. maximum signal only. D. minimum signal only.
maximum and minimum signal.
Failure of the reader to find the collimation edges of an image: A. will result in image cutoff. B. may cause the image to be too bright or too dark. C. will eliminate all scatter. D. will have no effect on the resultant image.
may cause the image to be too bright or too dark.
The topology on which the Internet is based is the: hub. star. ring. mesh.
mesh
The biggest advantages of wireless networks are: A. the size and shape of transmitters. B. the cost and location from source. C. wall thickness and composition. D. mobility and convenience.
mobility and convenience.
"The sum of the components in a recording system cannot be greater than the system as a whole" is a definition of: A. modulation transfer function (MTF). B. enhanced visualization image processing. C. digital image contrast and density latitude. D. principles of contrast enhancement.
modulation transfer function (MTF).
The ultimate focus in health care is to improve ______ and provide ______ so that patients will want to return. health risks; assistance with insurance patient care; high-quality services efficiency; high-quality services employee morale; assistance with insurance
patient care; high-quality services
Any supplemental device connected to a PACS that performs a specific function is known as a(n): archive. peripheral. workstation. digital imaging modality
peripheral.
The higher the kilovoltage peak, the: wider the histogram. narrower the histogram. higher the frequency. lower the frequency.
narrower the histogram.
A device that provides the interface between the computer and network is known as a: network interface card. network connection card. computer interface chip. computer connection chip.
network interface card.
In a bus network: A. redundancy is built in with multiple connections. B. devices are connected to a central hub. C. a token is transmitted around the ring. D. no switches of hubs are necessary.
no switches of hubs are necessary.
Amplifiers perform all of the following functions except: readout. amplification. noise cancelling. analog-to-digital conversion.
noise cancelling.
The invention of CT is heralded as: A. the advanced use of three-dimensional computation in medical imaging. B. one of the greatest milestones in medical imaging. C. the stepping stone for the development of MRI. D. the first modality to use PACS.
one of the greatest milestones in medical imaging.
Binary code is a computer language based on: ones and zeros. ones and tens. tens and zeros.
ones and zeros.
High-pass filtering is useful for enhancing: small structures. fine bone tissues. large bony structures. organs and soft tissue.
organs and soft tissue.
CQI tends to focus on ______ rather than the ______. QC; QA QA; QC process; people service; corrections
process; people
Errors in equipment performance are usually detected by poor equipment maintenance. quality outcomes. Both of the above None of the above
quality outcomes
Most QA activities produce ______ data. qualitative quantitative equivocal All of the above
quantitative
The most common types of noise that affect image quality include all of the following except: quantum noise. statistical noise. "dark" current noise. amplification noise.
quantum noise.
The acronym RIS stands for ______ system. radiology integrated redundant information radiology information reading integrated
radiology information
RIS is specific to. the patient. radiology. the hospital. patient billing.
radiology.
RAM is an acronym for ______ memory. rapid access read alternative random access read access
random access
The laser scans the imaging plate in a ______ pattern. raster horizontal circular random
raster
What PACS CQI activity documents images that are of poor quality? a. system training b. system up-time c. recognition of nondiagnostic images d. all of the above
recognition of nondiagnostic images
Demagnification is: A. reducing the phosphor output image to the size of the active area of the CCD. B. reducing the field size of the CCD detector. C. reducing the amount of light spread from the scintillator. D. none of the above.
reducing the phosphor output image to the size of the active area of the CCD.
Grid ratio describes the: A. number of grid lines per centimeter or lines per inch. B. angling of the lead strips to coincide with x-ray beam diversion. C. relationship between the height of the lead strips to the interspace. D. physical size of the grid to be used for each distance measured.
relationship between the height of the lead strips to the interspace.
A network on which devices are connected in a circle is known as a ______ network. bus ring star mesh
ring
Testing that can catch problems before they may become radiographically apparent is called ______ maintenance. routine acceptance error All of the above
routine
A look-up table is not used as a reference to: A. set appropriate kilovoltage peak and milliampere-seconds values. B. evaluate raw luminance values. C. correct luminance values. D. provide appropriate brightness and contrast.
set appropriate kilovoltage peak and milliampere-seconds values.
Critical characteristics of a digital image include all of the following except: A. contrast resolution. B. noise efficiency. C. sample resolution. D. dose efficiency of the receptor.
sample resolution.
A wraparound image or image aliasing occurs when: A. sampling occurs twice per cycle. B. spatial frequency is less than the Nyquist frequency. C. sampling occurs less than twice per cycle. D. spatial frequency is equal to the Nyquist frequency.
sampling occurs less than twice per cycle.
The reflective layer: A. absorbs and reduces static. B. gives the imaging sheet strength. C. protects the back of the cassette. D. sends light in a forward direction.
sends light in a forward direction.
A network that uses a central computer that sends the entire original resource to the client is known as a: client-based network. WAN. LAN. server-based network.
server-based network.
Input of annotation for identification of the patient's left or right side: A. should take the place of the technologist's anatomy markers. B. should be used in conjunction with the technologist's markers. C. eliminates the need for any other type of anatomy markers. D. none of the above.
should be used in conjunction with the technologist's markers.
Lossy compression is used to: increase image detail. decrease compression values. shrink file size. reduce image degradation.
shrink file size.
An image manipulation process that fills in the background so that it is darkened is known as: window. level. shuttering. collimation.
shuttering.
The most popular base material used in integrated circuits is: selenium. sulfur. silicon. tellurium.
silicon.
Which of the following should be considered when selecting the PSP cassette? size and speed. type and speed. size and type. none of these.
size and type.
Reading images on a computer screen is known as ______ reporting. soft copy hard copy computer both a and b
soft copy
Benefits to gathering health information include A. storing information in an indestructible manner. B. sharing information for financial gain. C. decrease in workflow. D. willingness of users to learn new technology.
storing information in an indestructible manner.
An archive query retrieves images from the PACS based on any of the following except: A. patient name. B. examination date. C. anatomical area. D. technologist anatomical number.
technologist anatomical number.
Teleradiography incorporated ______ to produce radiographic images. A. satellite feeds B. cable lines C. T1 cables D. telephone lines
telephone lines
All of the following are considered impurities except gallium arsenide. indium antimonide. tellurium. most metal oxides.
tellurium.
CR acquires an image through: A. conventional film/screen processing using a digital scanner. B. the heating of a thermoluminescent device. C. an electrically charged cassette. D. the use of a storage phosphor plate.
the use of a storage phosphor plate.
CsI detectors use: rare-earth scintillators. thin crystalline needles. miniature cameras. specialized pixel sensors.
thin crystalline needles.
A common feature between indirect and direct DR technology is A. thin film technology (TFT). B. a scintillation layer. C. cassettes. D. imaging plates (IP).
thin film technology (TFT).
A device that includes a photosensitive array and small pixels that convert light into electrical charges is known as a ______ transistor. thin-field field-effect thin-film field-energy
thin-film
Kilovoltage peak (kVp) should be chosen: A. to provide the least contrast possible. B. to provide penetration. C. for the type and amount of contrast desired. D. for the type of imaging plate phosphor.
to provide penetration.
If all of the shades were left in an image after processing, the contrast would be: too low. too high. sufficient. unaffected.
too low.
The process of scanning the moving imaging plate is known as: transition. raster scanning. digitization. translation.
translation.
Coherent light is formed by the laser because the photons: A. are at right angles to each other. B. travel in all directions. C. travel in the same direction. D. are at varying frequencies.
travel in the same direction.
CCD digitizers are slower than laser digitizers. True False
true
Disks are much cheaper to distribute than laser film. True False
true
Excessive light entering the eye when viewing an image is known as ______ glare. veil window level none of these
veil
Flat-panel detectors that use indirect conversion technology convert: electrical signals to light. light to x-rays. x-rays to electrical signals. x-rays to visible light.
x-rays to visible light.
