Immune System
During inflammation fluids will passively diffuse out of blood vessels into the nearby, infected tissues. This implies all of the following except ________. B-lymphocytes will differentiate to become plasma cells the surrounding tissue will swell with excessive fluids the osmolarity of the fluids surrounding infected tissue is higher than the plasma nearby capillaries have become more permeable
B-lymphocytes will differentiate to become plasma cells
________ are clusters of lymphoid nodules located beneath the epithelial lining of the intestines. Palatine tonsils Lingual tonsils Peyer patches Adenoids Vermiform appendices
Peyer patches
Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding the spleen? The splenic artery and vein enter and exit the spleen at the hilum. Red pulp is where immune functions take place. Clusters of white pulp look like islands in a sea of red pulp. The spleen is the largest lymphoid organ.
Red pulp is where immune functions take place.
Which cells have a primary role in cell- mediated immunity? T cells B cells plasma cells NK cells antigens
T cells
Select the correct statement about lymph transport. a. Lymph transport depends on the movement of adjacent tissues, such as skeletal muscles. b. Lymph transport is only necessary when illness causes tissue swelling. c. Under normal conditions, lymph vessels are very high-pressure conduits. d. Lymph transport is faster than that occurring in veins.
a. Lymph transport depends on the movement of adjacent tissues, such as skeletal muscles.
Which is true regarding pyrogens? a. They break down tissue by autolysis, releasing digestive enzymes that first destroy the injured cells and then attack surrounding tissues. b. They can reset the temperature-regulating center in the hypothalamus and raise the body temperature. c. They are particularly sensitive to chemicals released by other body cells or by pathogens. d. They act only within one tissue. e. They make capillaries more permeable and speed up blood flow through the area within the damaged tissue.
b. They can reset the temperature-regulating center in the hypothalamus and raise the body temperature.
Select the correct statement about active and passive immunity. a. A vaccination is an example of the introduction of passive immunity into the body. b. Immunological memory is established by passive immunization. c. Active and passive humoral immunity are both mechanisms of adaptive immunity that use antibodies. d. The antibodies utilized in active immunity are acquired from another organism.
c. Active and passive humoral immunity are both mechanisms of adaptive immunity that use antibodies
Vaccines work by ________. a. providing the necessary antibodies to fight infections b. boosting innate immunity with cytokines c. priming the adaptive immunity with a relatively harmless primary exposure d. suppressing inflation to help speed healing
c. priming the adaptive immunity with a relatively harmless primary exposure
An advantage of innate immunity is ________. a. the use of antibodies to cause cell lysis and kill invading cells b. the specificity of its individual cells which specialize in the removal on one type of antigen c. the numerous steps in the activation of its cells that can prevent autoimmune disease d. its barriers that prevent pathogens from entering into the body
d. its barriers that prevent pathogens from entering into the body
Lymphatic vessels, which exit the lymph node and carry the lymph toward the venous system, are called... lymphatic trunks. lacteals. afferent lymphatic vessels. lymphatic ducts. efferent lymphatic vessels.
efferent lymphatic vessels
Which of the following is NOT a part of the lymphatic system? erythrocytes lymph lymphatic vessels lymph nodes
erythrocytes
The two categories of immune defensive mechanisms are __________ and ___________. innate (nonspecific) immunity, adaptive (specific) immunity. passive immunity, active immunity. heavy immunity, light immunity. direct immunity, indirect immunity.
innate (nonspecific) immunity, adaptive (specific) immunity.
The tonsils located at the base of the tongue are the ________. pharyngeal tonsils Peyer's tonsils palatine tonsils lingual tonsils
lingual tonsils
Which of the following is involved in specific immunity? mucus macrophages neutrophils lymphocytes
lymphocytes
T lymphocytes.... differentiate in the bone marrow. secrete antibodies. mature in the thymus. All of the choices are correct.
mature in the thymus
The most abundant type of WBC in a normal blood sample is the ________. monocyte lymphocyte neutrophil basophil eosinophil
neutrophil
Which of the following is associated with passive immunity? exposure to an antigen booster shot of vaccine passage of IgG antibodies from a pregnant mother to her fetus infusion of weakened viruses
passage of IgG antibodies from a pregnant mother to her fetus
Lymphocytes can develop and mature in the ________. lymph nodes tonsils red bone marrow spleen
red bone marrow
Which lymphatic structure drains lymph from the right upper limb and the right side of the head and thorax? lumbar trunk thoracic duct right lymphatic duct cisterna chyli
right lymphatic duct
The ___________ immune response occurs faster, is stronger, and lasts longer than the __________ immune response. secondary, primary secondary, tertiary tertiary, primary primary, secondary
secondary, primary
Which of the following does NOT contain a mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue? tonsil Peyer's patch thymus appendix
thymus
Which of the following is NOT a secondary lymphoid organ? spleen tonsils thymus lymph nodes
thymus
Which of the following is considered a primary lymphoid organ? spleen tonsils thymus appendix
thymus
Tonsils have blind-ended structures called ________ that trap bacteria and particulate matter. germinal centers lymphoid follicles tonsillar corpuscles tonsillar crypts
tonsillar crypts
Which of the following is NOT a function of the lymphatic system? draining excess interstitial fluid carrying out immune responses transporting respiratory gases transporting dietary fats
transporting respiratory gases
