Immunology & Vaccination Quiz

A patient gets a cold, and recovers a few days later. The patient's classmates come down with the same cold roughly a week later, but the original patient does not get the same cold again. This is an example of: A. Natural active immunity B. Artificial active immunity C. Natural passive immunity D. Artificial passive immunity

A. Natural active immunity

________ on phagocytes bind to PAMPs on bacteria, which triggers the uptake and destruction of the bacterial pathogens? A. PRRs B. AMPs C. PAMPs D. PMNs

A. PRRs

Cytotoxic T cells will bind with their TCR to which of the following? A. antigens presented with MHC I molecules B. antigens presented with MHC II molecules C. free antigen in a soluble form D. haptens only

A. antigens presented with MHC I molecules

Rheumatoid arthritis in an _____ that affects the _____. A. autoimmune disease, joints B. autoimmune disease, nerves C. allergy, cartilage D. immunodeficiency disease, muscles

A. autoimmune disease, joints

Which of the following serve as chemical signals between cells and stimulate a wide range of nonspecific defenses? A. cytokines B. antimicrobial peptides C. complement proteins D. antibodies

A. cytokines

Which of the following constantly sheds dead cells along with any microbes that may be attached to those cells? A. epidermis B. dermis C. hypodermis D. mucous membrane

A. epidermis

PAMPs would be found on the surface of which of the following? A. pathogen B. phagocyte C. skin cell D. blood vessel wall

A. pathogen

MHC I molecules present A. processed foreign antigens from proteasomes. B. processed self-antigens from phagolysosome. C. antibodies. D. T cell antigens.

A. processed foreign antigens from proteasomes.

Which type of antigen-presenting molecule is found on all nucleated cells? A. MHC II B. MHC I C. Antibodies D. B-cell receptors

B. MHC I

Which type of antigen-presenting molecule is found only on macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells? A. MHC I B. MHC II C. T cell receptors D. B-cell receptors

B. MHC II

Cellular adaptive immunity is carried out by ________. A. B cells B. T cells C. bone marrow D. neutrophils

B. T cells

Which allergies are T cell-mediated? A. Type III B. Type IV C. Type I D. Type II

B. Type IV

A positive tuberculin skin test is an example of A. eczema. B. a delayed-type allergy. C. acute contact dermatitis. D. autoimmunity.

B. a delayed-type allergy.

Which of the following best describes the innate nonspecific immune system? A. targeted and highly specific response to a single pathogen or molecule B. a generalized and nonspecific set of defenses against a class or group of pathogens C. a set of barrier mechanisms that adapts to specific pathogens after repeated exposure D. the production of antibody molecules against pathogens

B. a generalized and nonspecific set of defenses against a class or group of pathogens

To what does the TCR of a helper T cell bind? A. antigens presented with MHC I molecules B. antigens presented with MHC II molecules C. free antigen in a soluble form D. haptens only

B. antigens presented with MHC II molecules

Hematopoiesis occurs in which of the following? A. liver B. bone marrow C. kidneys D. central nervous system

B. bone marrow

In humans, B cells mature in the _____, and T cells mature in the _____. A. GALT, liver B. bone marrow, thymus C. bursa, thymus D. lymph nodes, spleen

B. bone marrow, thymus

Histamine, leukotrienes, prostaglandins, and bradykinin are examples of which of the following? A. chemical mediators primarily found in the digestive system B. chemical mediators that promote inflammation C. antimicrobial peptides found on the skin D. complement proteins that form MACs

B. chemical mediators that promote inflammation

Which of the following does not occur during the lag period of the primary antibody response? A. activation of helper T cells B. class switching to IgG C. presentation of antigen with MHC II D. binding of antigen to BCRs

B. class switching to IgG

Which of the following cells primarily functions in protection against protozoa and helminths? A. basophils B. eosinophils C. neutrophils D. mast cells

B. eosinophils

An example of a nonspecific chemical barrier to infection would be A. unbroken skin B. lysozyme in saliva C. cilia in respiratory tract D. all of these

B. lysozyme in saliva

MHC II molecules present A. processed foreign antigens from proteasomes. B. processed self-antigens from phagolysosome. C. antibodies. D. T cell antigens.

B. processed self-antigens from phagolysosome.

Which of the following chemical mediators is secreted onto the surface of the skin? A. cerumen B. sebum C. gastric acid D. prostaglandin

B. sebum

Which of the following best characterizes the mode of pathogen recognition for opsonin-dependent phagocytosis? A. Opsonins produced by a pathogen attract phagocytes through chemotaxis. B. A PAMP on the pathogen's surface is recognized by a phagocyte's toll-like receptors. C. A pathogen is first coated with a molecule such as a complement protein, which allows it to be recognized by phagocytes. D. A pathogen is coated with a molecule such as a complement protein that immediately lyses the cell.

C. A pathogen is first coated with a molecule such as a complement protein, which allows it to be recognized by phagocytes.

_____ T cells assist in humoral and cellular immunity and activate macrophages and NK cells. A. Sensitized B. Cytotoxic C. Helper D. Natural killer

C. Helper

Cancer results when cells lose the ability to A. induce mutations. B. spread. C. control the cell cycle. D. divide rapidly.

C. control the cell cycle.

Identify the complement activation pathway that is triggered by the binding of an acute-phase protein to a pathogen. A. classical B. alternate C. lectin D. cathelicidin

C. lectin

White blood cells are also referred to as which of the following? A. platelets B. erythrocytes C. leukocytes D. megakaryocytes

C. leukocytes

Which of the following would be a T-dependent antigen? A. lipopolysaccharide B. glycolipid C. protein D. carbohydrate

C. protein

Which class of molecules is the most antigenic? A. polysaccharides B. lipids C. proteins D. carbohydrates

C. proteins

Which of the following uses a particularly dense suite of tight junctions to prevent microbes from entering the underlying tissue? A. the mucociliary escalator B. the epidermis C. the blood-brain barrier D. the urethra

C. the blood-brain barrier

T cells use which class of MHC to recognize antigens? A. MHC I B. MHC II C. MHC III D. A and B

D. A and B

A patient is bitten by a dog with confirmed rabies infection. After treating the bite wound, the physician injects the patient with antibodies that are specific for the rabies virus to prevent the development of an active infection. This is an example of: A. Natural active immunity B. Artificial active immunity C. Natural passive immunity D. Artificial passive immunity

D. Artificial passive immunity

The primary B-cell receptor is A. IgA B. IgE C. IgG D. IgD

D. IgD

Which of the following would be a BCR? A. CD4 B. MHC II C. MHC I D. IgD

D. IgD

Theoretically, type _____ blood can be donated to all persons because it lacks _____. A. AB, antibodies B. O, antibodies C. AB, antigens D. O, antigens

D. O, antigens

Select which of the following is true about primary and secondary immunodeficiency? A. Primary immunodeficiencies can sometimes be reversed, while secondary cannot. B.Primary can be caused by things like diabetes and malnutrition, while secondary is usually the result of a single component of the immune system. C.An example of secondary immunodeficiency includes chronic granulomatous disease, while an example of primary immunodeficiency includes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. D. Primary results from inherited defects, while secondary results from an acquired impairment of immune system cells.

D. Primary results from inherited defects, while secondary results from an acquired impairment of immune system cells.

What is a superantigen? A. a protein that is highly efficient at stimulating a single type of productive and specific T cell response B. a protein produced by antigen-presenting cells to enhance their presentation capabilities C. a protein produced by T cells as a way of increasing the antigen activation they receive from antigen-presenting cells D. a protein that activates T cells in a nonspecific and uncontrolled manner

D. a protein that activates T cells in a nonspecific and uncontrolled manner

Bacteriocins and defensins are types of which of the following? A. leukotrienes B. cytokines C. inflammation-eliciting mediators D. antimicrobial peptides

D. antimicrobial peptides

Type II hypersensitivities are due to A. IgG-allergen complexes that clog epithelial tissues B. activation of cytotoxic T cells C. IgE reacting with mast cells D. complement-induced lysis of cells in the presence of antibodies

D. complement-induced lysis of cells in the presence of antibodies

A single antigen molecule may be composed of many individual ________. A. T-cell receptors B. B-cell receptors C. MHC II D. epitopes

D. epitopes

Granulocytes are which type of cell? A. lymphocyte B. erythrocyte C. megakaryocyte D. leukocyte

D. leukocyte

Which type of cell secretes large quantities of antibodies? A. macrophages B. monocytes C. T cells D. plasma cells

D. plasma cells

The nonspecific immune system recognizes ___ which are molecular structures found on many groups of pathogenic microbes. A. complement B. Peyer's patches C. pattern recognition receptors D. phagocytes E. pathogen-associated molecular patterns

E. pathogen-associated molecular patterns

Superantigens are produced by antigen presenting cells. True False

False

Match each type of vaccine with the corresponding example. 1. inactivated vaccine 2. live attenuated vaccine 3. toxoid vaccine 4. subunit vaccine A. Influenza virus particles grown in chicken eggs are harvested and chemically treated to render them noninfectious. These immunogenic particles are then purified and packaged and administered as an injection. B. Weakened influenza virions that can only replicate in the slightly lower temperatures of the nasal passages are sprayed into the nose. They do not cause serious flu symptoms, but still produce an active infection that induces a protective adaptive immune response. C. Tetanus toxin molecules are harvested and chemically treated to render them harmless. They are then injected into a patient's arm. D. The gene for hepatitis B virus surface antigen is inserted into a yeast genome. The modified yeast is grown and the virus protein is produced, harvested, purified, and used in a vaccine.

1. A. Influenza virus particles grown in chicken eggs are harvested and chemically treated to render them noninfectious. These immunogenic particles are then purified and packaged and administered as an injection. 2. B. Weakened influenza virions that can only replicate in the slightly lower temperatures of the nasal passages are sprayed into the nose. They do not cause serious flu symptoms, but still produce an active infection that induces a protective adaptive immune response. 3. C. Tetanus toxin molecules are harvested and chemically treated to render them harmless. They are then injected into a patient's arm. 4. D. The gene for hepatitis B virus surface antigen is inserted into a yeast genome. The modified yeast is grown and the virus protein is produced, harvested, purified, and used in a vaccine.

Match the antibody class with its description. 1. IgA 2. IgD 3. IgE 4. IgG 5. IgM A. This class of antibody is found in very large amounts in mucus secretions. B. This class of antibody is involved in the defense against parasitic infections and involved in allergic responses. C. This class of antibody is the only one that can cross the placenta. D. This class of antibody is not secreted by B cells but is expressed on the surface of naïve B cells. E. This class of antibody is the first to appear after activation of B cells.

1. A. This class of antibody is found in very large amounts in mucus secretions. 2. D. This class of antibody is not secreted by B cells but is expressed on the surface of naïve B cells. 3. B. This class of antibody is involved in the defense against parasitic infections and involved in allergic responses. 4. C. This class of antibody is the only one that can cross the placenta. 5. E. This class of antibody is the first to appear after activation of B cells.

Match the following: 1. natural activity immunity 2. natural passive immunity 3. artificial passive immunity 4. artificial active immunity A. passage of antibodies from a mother to her child B. immunity that develops after natural exposure to a pathogen C. transfer of antibodies produced by a donor D. activation of adaptive immunity through the deliberate exposure of an individual to a weakened or inactivated pathogen or key antigens

1. B. immunity that develops after natural exposure to a pathogen 2. A. passage of antibodies from a mother to her child 3. C. transfer of antibodies produced by a donor 4. D. activation of adaptive immunity through the deliberate exposure of an individual to a weakened or inactivated pathogen or key antigens

Match each cell type with its description. 1. natural killer cell 2. basophil 3. macrophage 4. eosinophil A. large agranular phagocyte that resides in tissues such as the brain and lungs B. stains with basic dye methylene blue, has large amounts of histamine in granules, and facilitates allergic responses and inflammation C. recognizes abnormal cells, binds to them, and releases perforin and granzyme molecules, which induce apoptosis D. stains with acidic dye eosin, has histamine and major basic protein in granules, and facilitates responses to protozoa and helminths

1. C. recognizes abnormal cells, binds to them, and releases perforin and granzyme molecules, which induce apoptosis 2. B. stains with basic dye methylene blue, has large amounts of histamine in granules, and facilitates allergic responses and inflammation 3. A. large agranular phagocyte that resides in tissues such as the brain and lungs 4. D. stains with acidic dye eosin, has histamine and major basic protein in granules, and facilitates responses to protozoa and helminths