India Politics

Naxalism (India)

-Radical maoist Guerrilla insurgency -this movement has grown in rural improved areas in eastern India states -named from the region in west bengal where it originated in 1960 -drawn primarily from the low, outcaste, tribal natives excluded from indias recent and dramatic economic growth

Hindutva

-a modern term that encompasses the ideology of Hindu nationalism -aspirations included reversing appeasement policies towards Muslims, repealing Muslim statues granted and building temples to hindu gods and protecting the cows,

Sepoy Mutiny

-a revolt backed by the indian aristocracy and carried out by the sepoys (indian mercaries employed by the British) -this revolt failed due to them being so divided -(1857) was India's first war for independence They also fought for rule of the British East India Company Failed mutiny

muslim league p10

-an organization formed in 1906 to protect the interests of India's Muslims, which later proposed that India be divided into separate Muslim and Hindu nations

2014 BJPs promise on the problem with rape in india p36/50

-death penalty enacted -safety and security of the mothers and sisters, those in the rural areas, oppressed and the deprived" -reform?

House of People and its representatives

-dominates indias bicameral legislature -population is relatively underrepresented. 3x us and 20x britain -serves primarily as a debate chambers between the gov and its opposition -lower house= imp political role with the emergence of multiparty coalition governments and strengthening of regional parties. elected by voters, can not exceed 5 yr limit. two seats are reserved for anglo-indians elected by the president -only the house of people can introduce bills to raise revenue and any financial measure the upper house votes down can be revoked by the lower house with majority votes -the more numerous lower house has the upper hand (545) -the prime minister and cabinet are responsible only to the lower house which can force the prime minister from office with a vote of no confidence.

BJP

-orientation: begun under rijav ghandi and the ideals of an alternative to the vision of a secular India established by the INC at the time of indias founding -what the party stands for: supporting divisive hindu nationalist retoric to get support and sponsor violence and discrimination against religious and ethnic minorities -who supports the party: used to draw its strength from upper class hindu but by the late 1990s its from hindus from all caste under the band of hindu nationalism -why: after the sectarian violence at a temple site. the communal violence between both the hindu and Muslim extremist caused for hardening support and polarize political support.

India's Electoral System p23

-resembles the british model -use a plurality system to elect members to the house of people(like legislative elections in the us and uk) - 543 single member districts

Sikhism

-shares beliefs and practices with both hindu and muslim faith. also sowed persistent seeds of mutual animosity among indias hindus, muslims and sikhs

Rajiv Gandhi policy orientation in economy

-shifted away from social democratic and mercantalist policies of his mother and gpa -promote more liberal market ideals that boosted the economy -neoliberal economic reforms -

Contested region between India and Pakistan p.11

-the contested region: kashmir -claimed in whole by both nations -muslims leaned towards Pakistan while the hindu prince wanted to stay independent -the conflict caused at least three wars between India and pakistan -muslim Pakistan vs hindu india -ethic and nationalist dispute

Indian National Congress (congress party)

-the historical role the party played in the Freedom Movement: became the flagship of national independence. Founded in 1885, led the Indian Independence movement (the freedom movement) -what were the consistent problems with the party: disagreements after the death of nehru caused the party to become divisive. promises made through the congress party by ghandi t deliver India from poverty was never done. the party moved away from social democracy and religious nuetrality. the party began to promote hindu nationalism and began to launch neo-liberal economic reforms, but the promises they made were not delivered on. -the causes for the general population in India moved away from the Congress party: they were displeased with the party reputation of political corruption and inaction and scandals.

emergency rule in 1975

gandhi chose to suspend the constituition by declaring martial law (ER). he did this due to facing declining support, charges of corruption, and calls to step down -during the two years of emergency rule riots and unreast ceased and the economy improved

India's Green Revolution

- technologically enhanced crops and cropping methods, improved production dramatically, piratically in the area of the northwest

The Indian state of Kerala

- this is where the largest share of party leadership and voting strength came from here. -in the far south of india and west bengal in the far east -was a strong regional and local base of support

council of state (upper house)

--upper house= represents indias 28 states and 9 territories. most are indirectly elected by state assemblies to a fixed 6 yr term. president elected 12 -practice is much weaker than the lower house