Industrial Revolution

Who was Louis Pasteur?

- French chemist - Experimented with broth & growth of microbes - Disproved spontaneity; germ theory of disease - Developed 1st vaccine through inoculation of ducks (based on Jenner's vaccination) - 19th century

Who was Edward Jenner?

- Scottish physician - Milkmaids who contracted cowpox (milder) would not develop smallpox - Developed vaccination procedure: inoculated boy with cowpox, then smallpox - 18th-19th century

When was the industrial revolution?

1760 to 1840

Which act of 1875 forced councils to provide clean water, effective drainage and sewage systems in each area?

1875 Public Health Act

How did work change for the average family during the industrial revolution?

After industrialization, many could no longer work at their own pace or rely on opportunities such as weaving for their income. Children were expected to go to work in factories along with their parents and lost the time they formerly had to spend with their families.

Why was England the first country to industrialize?

Britain was the first country to industrialize because they had the resources included coal, water, iron ore,rivers, harbors, and banks. Britain also had all the factors of production that the Industrial Revolution required. These factors of production included land, labor (workers), and capital (wealth).

What economic theories supported the industrial revolution?

Capitalism and market competition fueled the Industrial Revolution.

Who was Edwin Chadwick?

Chadwick found that there was a link between poor living standards and the spread and growth of disease. A key proponent of sanitary reform, he recommended that the government should intervene by providing clean water, improving drainage systems, and enabling local councils to clear away refuse from homes and streets.

Who published a report in 1889 which showed that one third of people in London lived in poverty?

Charles Booth

Who wrote the Report on the Sanitary Conditions of the Labouring Population in 1842?

Edwin Chadwick

Where was the printing press invented?

Germany

Was the Industrial Revolution was responsible for rapid population growth in cities?

Given that the population growth occurred when England experienced the first Industrial Revolution, the two are likely connected. 3 While large numbers of people relocated from rural regions into large cities to be closer to their new factory workplaces, studies have ruled out immigration as the largest factor.

What did Karl Marx do?

He introduced the world to a radical type of socialism called Marxism. Marxism is the political and economic theories to form the basis for the theory and practice of communism. In 1848 he published the Communist Manifesto. German.

What did John Snow do?

He traced the cholera outbreak in England in 1854

What were some of the effects of imperialism?

Imperialism gave more power and wealth to already wealthy and industrialized nations and increased poverty in less developed nations. Imperialism widened the gap between developed and undeveloped countries. (global inequality)

How did were disease treated in the industrial revolution?

In the 19th century, illnesses, including those of children, were treated at home. That pertained to urban as well as rural children alike. In the impoverished Polish countryside, medical treatment was largely confined to the folk-medicine practices that had been passed down from one generation to another.

Who invented the spinning jenny?

James Hargreaves

Who was James Watt?

James Watt was a Scottish inventor, mechanical engineer, and chemist.

Who invented the first known printing press?

Johannes Gutenberg

How did railroads change life in Britain?

Led to more economic growth, because it provided cheap transportation for goods Created jobs - Railroad workers and coal miners Increased England's agricultural and fishing industry because railroads allowed the markets for these goods to increase Made travel easier - increase in commuters and more vacation options

What caused England to industrialize?

Many different factors contributed to the rise of the Industrial Revolution in Britain. The new inventions, access to raw materials, trade routes and partners, social changes, and a stable government all paved the way for Britain to become an industry-driven country.

What were some of the social reforms that took place during the industrial era?

Reform efforts during this time gave birth to a number of important changes in the United States and Great Britain. These included mandatory public education, child labor laws, and eight-hour workdays. Reforms also addressed minimum wage, compensation for workplace accidents, and improved sanitation infrastructure.

Who invented the steamboat?

Robert Fulton

Why have people moved away from the suburbs and into the rural areas?

The "rural push" factors such as decline in income from agriculture, lack of alternative job, declining local economy, and denied access to basic facilities, further encourage people to move to cities.

What was the Artisans Dwellings Act?

The Artisans' and Labourers' Dwellings Improvement Act 1875 (38 & 39 Vict c 36) was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom designed by Richard Cross, Home Secretary during Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli's second Conservative Government, which involved allowing local councils to buy up areas of slum dwellings.

How did the Industrial Revolution produce changes in culture and society?

The Industrial Revolution brought rapid urbanization or the movement of people to cities. Changes in farming, soaring population growth, and an ever-increasing demand for workers led masses of people to migrate from farms to cities. Almost overnight, small towns around coal or iron mines mushroomed into cities.

What medical advancements were made in the industrial revolution?

The Industrial Revolution was the engine behind various advances in medicine. Industrialization allowed medical instruments (such as scalpels, microscope lenses, test tubes, and other equipment) to be produced more quickly.

How did the Industrial Revolution change people's self-reliance?

The advent of industrial production removed the necessity of apprenticeship for craftsmen and commoditized labor itself. The Industrial Revolution also created a wide availability of cheap commodities, which engendered a consumer culture that marked the end of many rural Americans' subsistence lifestyle.

What were some technological advances that occurred during the industrial revolution and who invented them?

The boom in productivity began with a few technical devices, including the spinning jenny, spinning mule, and power loom. First human, then water, and finally steam power were applied to operate power looms, carding machines, and other specialized equipment.

Who was John Snow?

The father of epidemiology

How did the industrial revolution lead to an increase in imperialism?

The industrial revolution was the force behind this New Imperialism, as it created not only the need for Europe to expand, but the power to successfully take and profitably maintain so many colonies overseas. The industrial revolution created the need for Europe to take over colonies around the world.

What were some advances in transportation during the industrial era?

The invention of the railroad and the steam powered locomotive opened up a whole new world in transportation. Now trains could travel wherever tracks could be built. Transportation was no longer limited to rivers and canals.

What health problems were caused by the industrial revolution?

The key public health issues during the industrial revolution included widespread epidemics of infectious diseases like cholera, typhoid, typhus, smallpox, and tuberculosis.

What were living conditions like in the cities during the early industrial era?

The living conditions in the cities and towns were miserable and characterized by: overcrowding, poor sanitation, spread of diseases, and pollution. As well, workers were paid low wages that barely allowed them to afford the cost of living associated with their rent and food.

How has the living conditions changed resulting the Industrial revolution?

The living conditions in the cities and towns were miserable, overcrowded, poor sanitation, spread of diseases, and pollution.

What was the water pump act?

The pump handle was removed on September 8, 1854. Removal of the handle prevented additional cholera deaths, supporting Snow's theory that cholera was a waterborne, contagious disease.

How did the rapid expansion affect public health?

This rapid expansion created major problems for public health. There was much overcrowding in low quality housing and insanitary conditions, making the town a breeding ground for diseases like cholera, typhus and TB.

What were some advances in medicine that occurred during the industrial revolution?

Vaccines for diseases like chlorea and smallpox.

What were the social, economic, and political effects of the industrial revolution?

What were the social economic and political effects of the Industrial Revolution? The Industrial Revolution had many positive effects. Among those was an increase in wealth, the production of goods, and the standard of living. People had access to healthier diets, better housing, and cheaper goods.

What is pasteurization?

the application of a high heat for a short time to kill harmful bacteria in beverages

What is urbanization?

the movement of people to cities