Infant NCLEX

The physician orders digoxin 0.1 mg orally every morning for a 6-month-old infant with heart failure. Digoxin is available in a 400 mcg/ml concentration. How many milliliters of digoxin should the nurse give?

0.25

A 10-month-old infant with recurrent otitis media (middle ear inflammation) is brought to the clinic for evaluation. To help determine the cause of the infant's condition, the nurse should ask the parents:

1. "Does water ever get into the baby's ears during shampooing?"

After the birth of her first neonate, a mother asks the nurse about the reddened areas ("stork bites") at the nape of the neonate's neck. How should the nurse respond?

1. "They're normal and will disappear as the baby's skin thickens."

The nurse is teaching parents about the nutritional needs of their full-term infant, age 2 months, who's breast-feeding. Which response shows that the parents understand their infant's dietary needs?

1. "We won't start any solid foods now."

A mother brings her 8-month-old son to the pediatrician's office. When the nurse approaches to measure the child's vital signs, he clings to his mother tightly and starts to cry. The mother says, "He used to smile at everyone. I don't know why he's acting this way." Which response by the nurse would help the mother understand her child's behavior?

1. "Your baby's behavior indicates stranger anxiety, which is common at his age."

A 5-month-old infant with an upper respiratory infection is brought to the clinic. The mother reports that the infant weighed 7 lb (3.2 kg) at birth. Based on the nurse's knowledge of infant weight gain, which current weight would be within the normal range for this infant?

1. 14 lb (6.4 kg)

The charge nurse is making client care assignments. Which client is most appropriate for a licensed practical nurse?

1. A stable 6-month-old infant with pneumonia

Parents bring their infant to the clinic seeking treatment for vomiting and diarrhea that has lasted for 2 days. While collecting data on the infant, the nurse detects dry mucous membranes and lethargy. What other finding suggests deficient fluid volume?

1. A sunken fontanel

Which action should the nurse include in the plan of care for a 2-month-old infant with heart failure?

1. Allow the infant to rest before feeding.

The nurse is caring for a 1-month-old infant who fell from the changing table during a diaper change. Which signs and symptoms of increased intracranial pressure (ICP) is the nurse likely to assess in a 1-month-old infant?

1. Bulging fontanels, 4. High-pitched cry, 6. Irritability

A baby boy has just had surgery to repair his cleft lip. Which nursing intervention is the most important during the immediate postoperative period?

1. Clean the suture line carefully with a sterile solution after every feeding.

When developing a postoperative plan of care for an infant scheduled for cleft lip repair, the nurse should assign highest priority to which intervention?

1. Comforting the child as quickly as possible

A hospitalized infant, age 10 months, begins to choke while eating and quickly becomes unconscious. A foreign object isn't visible in the infant's airway, but respirations are absent and the pulse is 50 beats/minute and thready. The nurse attempts rescue breathing, but the ventilations are unsuccessful. What should the nurse do next?

1. Deliver five back blows.

Which behavior is the most reliable pain indicator in an infant?

1. Facial expression

At a previous visit, the parents of an infant with cystic fibrosis received instruction in the administration of pancrelipase (Pancrease). At a follow-up visit, which finding suggests the need for further teaching?

1. Fatty stools

An infant who has been in foster care since birth requires a blood transfusion. Who's authorized to give written, informed consent for the procedure?

1. Foster mother who has been appointed legal guardian

Twenty-four hours after birth, a neonate hasn't passed meconium. This may indicate which condition?

1. Hirschsprung's disease

The nurse is assessing a 10-month-old infant during a checkup. Which developmental milestones would the nurse expect the infant to display?

1. Holding head erect, 4. Sitting on a firm surface without support, 5. Bearing majority of weight on legs

A baby undergoes surgery to correct an esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula. Which nursing diagnosis has the highest priority during the first 24 hours postoperatively?

1. Ineffective airway clearance

A 3-month-old admitted to the pediatric unit with meningococcal meningitis has just been assessed by the registered nurse. Which nursing intervention has the highest priority at this time?

1. Instituting droplet precautions

The nurse is teaching child safety to the parents of a 6-month-old who's beginning to crawl. Which point should the nurse include in her teaching?

1. Keeping furniture with sharp corners out of the area where the infant crawls

A 9-month-old infant is admitted with diarrhea and dehydration. The nurse plans to monitor the child's vital signs frequently. Which other action would provide the most important data?

1. Measuring the infant's weight

An infant goes into cardiac arrest. When delivering chest compressions as part of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), where should the rescuer place her fingers?

1. One fingerbreadth below the nipple line, directly over the sternum

Which intervention should be included in the plan of care for a 6-month-old infant with mild dehydration related to diarrhea and vomiting?

1. Oral electrolyte replacement solutions, breast milk, or lactose-free formula

The parents of a 6-month-old diagnosed with a terminal brain tumor have chosen palliative care for their son. Which intervention will be provided for this infant?

1. Pain management, comfort measures, and support for the parents

A recent abduction of a 2-month-old infant has raised awareness of the need for security plans for hospitals. Which security measure helps ensure the hospitalized infant's security?

1. Placing an identification bracelet on the infant and the parent immediately on admission

A neonate born 18 hours ago with myelomeningocele over the lumbosacral region is scheduled for corrective surgery. Preoperatively, what is the most important nursing goal?

1. Preventing infection

After an infant undergoes surgical repair of a cleft lip, the physician orders elbow restraints. For this infant, the postoperative plan of care should include which nursing action?

1. Removing the restraints every hour

For children from infancy through the preschool years, what is the major stressor posed by hospitalization?

1. Separation from the family

The nurse is collecting data on an 8-month-old infant during a wellness checkup. Which of the following is a normal developmental task for an infant this age?

1. Sitting without support

A mother asks the nurse why her 12-month-old baby gets otitis media more frequently than her 10-year-old son. What should the nurse tell her?

1. The baby's eustachian tubes are shorter and lie more horizontally.

A 9-month-old infant is scheduled for an inguinal hernia repair. The divorced parents share joint custody of the infant. What determines who can give informed consent for the procedure?

1. The divorce decree should specify which parent has the right to sign the informed consent form.

A 4-month-old is scheduled for an upper GI series to determine whether the infant has gastroesophageal reflux. The X-ray department is busy and the test, which was scheduled for 8 a.m., becomes delayed until 2 p.m. Which pediatric patient right is being violated by the test delay?

1. To have procedures scheduled so that fluids and food aren't withheld for prolonged periods

The nurse is preparing to administer chloramphenicol (Chloromycetin Otic) to a 2-year-old client with an infection of the external auditory canal. The order reads, "2 drops in the right ear three times per day." Which steps should the nurse take to administer this medication?

1. Wash her hands and arrange supplies at the bedside., 2. Warm the medication to body temperature., 4. Examine the ear canal for drainage.

A 12-month-old child fell down the stairs and a basilar skull fracture is suspected. The nurse should look for:

1. cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea.

A mist tent contains a nebulizer that creates a cool, moist environment for an infant with an upper respiratory tract infection. The cool humidity helps the infant breathe by:

1. decreasing respiratory tract edema.

A healthy, 6-month-old infant is brought to the well-baby clinic for a checkup. When checking the infant's anterior fontanel the nurse expects it to be:

1. open.

If an infant's I.V. access site is in an extremity, the nurse should:

1. use a padded board to secure the extremity.

The physician prescribes furosemide (Lasix), 2 mg/kg P.O., as a one-time dose for an infant with fluid overload. The infant's documented weight is 14 lb. The oral solution contains 10 mg/ml. How many milliliters of solution should the nurse administer?

1.3

A 9-month-old admitted with pneumonia cries when his parents aren't holding him. He's also unable to sleep. The parents have two other young children at home and can't stay with the infant continually. Which suggestion by the nurse might help the infant sleep?

2. "Can one of you stay and the other one go home and care for your other children?"

A mother is concerned that she might be spoiling her 2-month-old daughter by picking her up each time she cries. Which suggestion should the nurse offer?

2. "Continue to pick her up when she cries because young infants need cuddling and holding to meet their needs."

The nurse is teaching the mother of a 5-month-old infant diagnosed with bronchiolitis. Which statement by the mother indicates that teaching has been effective?

2. "I know that this disease is serious and can lead to asthma."

The nurse is teaching circumcision care to a mother before discharge. Which statement by the mother indicates that teaching was successful?

2. "I should reapply fresh petrolatum gauze after each diaper change."

A teenage mother brings her 1-year-old child to the pediatrician's office for a well-baby checkup. She says that her baby can't sit alone or roll over. An appropriate response by the nurse would be:

2. "Let's see about further developmental testing."

During a well-baby visit, a 2-month-old infant receives diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccine, inactivated poliovirus vaccine, pneumococcal vaccine, and Haemophilus influenzae b (Hib) vaccine. The parents ask why the baby must have the Hib vaccine. How should the nurse respond?

2. "This vaccine protects against bacterial infections, such as meningitis and bacterial pneumonia."

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is one of the most common causes of death in infants. At what age is SIDS most likely to occur?

2. 1 week to 1 year, peaking at 2 to 4 months

The nurse expects to observe an infant transferring an object from one hand to another at which age?

2. 6 months

The nurse is caring for a neonate with congenital clubfoot. The child has a cast to correct the defect. Before discharge, what should the nurse tell the parents?

2. A new cast is needed every 1 to 2 weeks.

The licensed nurse just received the following clients for her shift assignment. Which client should she see first?

2. An 11-month-old infant who's crying and has I.V. fluid infusing

A 2-month-old with a history of hydrocephalus is admitted to the pediatric unit with pneumonia. The infant's respiratory status deteriorates and the physician explains to the family that the infant requires intensive care. The grandmother convinces the parents to refuse transfer and institute comfort measures. Which action should the nurse take?

2. Ask to speak to the parents privately without the grandmother present.

Before a routine checkup in the pediatrician's office, an 8-month-old infant sits contentedly on the mother's lap, chewing on a toy. When preparing to examine this infant, what should the nurse plan to do first?

2. Auscultate the heart and lungs.

The nurse caring for an 8-month-old diagnosed with respiratory syncytial virus is unable to read a medication dosage written in the infant's medical record. What's the only ethical and responsible solution for the nurse?

2. Call the physician and ask for a verbal order to clarify the dosage.

After surgery to repair a cleft lip, an infant has a Logan bar in place. Which postoperative nursing action is appropriate?

2. Holding the infant semi-upright during feedings

For an 8-month-old infant, which toy promotes cognitive development?

2. Jack-in-the-box

The nurse is teaching the parents of an infant undergoing repair for a cleft lip. Which instructions should the nurse give?

2. Lay the infant on his back or side to sleep., 3. Sit the infant up for each feeding., 5. Clean the suture line after each feeding by dabbing it with saline solution., 6. Give the infant extra care and support.

A neonate was admitted to the pediatric unit with an unexpected congenital defect. What's the best way to involve the parents in the infant's care?

2. Offer the parents opportunities to be involved with the infant's care while they adjust to his unexpected condition.

The nurse is caring for an infant with congenital clubfoot. After the final cast has been removed, which member of the health care team will most likely help the infant with leg and ankle exercises and provide his parents with a home exercise regimen?

2. Physical therapist

The nurse is developing a plan to teach a mother how to reduce her baby's risk of developing otitis media. Which of the following directions should the nurse include in the teaching plan?

2. Place the baby in an upright position when giving a bottle.

To obtain the most accurate measurement of an infant's height (length), the nurse should measure which of the following?

2. Recumbent height with the infant supine

A nurse at the family clinic receives a call from the mother of a 5-week-old infant. The mother states that her child was diagnosed with colic at the last checkup. Unfortunately, the symptoms have remained the same. Which teaching instructions are appropriate?

2. Soothe the child by humming and rocking., 4. Burp the infant adequately after feedings., 5. Provide small but frequent feedings to the infant., 6. Offer a pacifier if it isn't time for the infant to eat.

Which of the following is an early sign of heart failure in an infant with a congenital heart defect?

2. Tachycardia

A neonate is recovering from surgery to repair a cleft lip. What should the nurse do to prevent trauma to the suture line?

2. Use a bulb syringe with a rubber tip for feedings.

When collecting data on a postterm neonate, the nurse expects to find:

2. abundant subcutaneous fat.

For an infant who's about to undergo a lumbar puncture, the nurse should place the infant in:

2. an arched, side-lying position, avoiding flexion of the neck onto the chest.

An infant is diagnosed with a congenital hip dislocation. The nurse should expect to note:

2. asymmetrical thigh and gluteal folds.

The nurse is administering I.V. fluids to an infant. Infants receiving I.V. therapy are particularly vulnerable to:

2. fluid overload.

An infant, age 10 months, is brought to the well-baby clinic for a follow-up visit. The mother tells the nurse that she has been having trouble feeding her infant solid foods. To help correct this problem, the nurse should:

2. instruct the mother to place the food at the back and toward the side of the infant's mouth.

A 10-month-old infant with phenylketonuria (PKU) is being weaned from breast-feeding. When teaching the parents about the proper diet for their child, the nurse should stress the importance of restricting:

2. meats.

A mother, who is visibly upset, carries her 2-month-old infant into the crowded emergency department. The child appears limp and lifeless. The mother screams to the nurse for help. The nurse should:

2. take the infant and mother back to a treatment room.

The nurse is caring for a neonate who has hypospadias. His parents are planning to have the baby circumcised before discharge. When teaching the parents about their child's condition, the nurse should tell them:

2. the foreskin will be needed at the time of surgical correction.

The parents of an 11-month-old are concerned because the frequency of their infant's bowel movements has decreased from three to four each day to one to two each day. Which response by the nurse is best?

3. "By age 11 months, most infants have one to two bowel movements per day."

A 4-month-old rolls out of the crib and suffers a fractured skull when the nurse who's bathing him turns her back to pick up a towel. As a follow-up to the incident the nurse-manager asks the nurse to document how she could have prevented the injury. Which statement by the nurse is best?

3. "I should have kept one hand on the infant when I turned my back on him."

A bottle-fed infant, age 3 months, is brought to the pediatrician's office for a well-child visit. During the previous visit, the nurse taught the mother about infant nutritional needs. Which statement by the mother during the current visit indicates effective teaching?

3. "I'm giving the baby iron-fortified formula and a fluoride supplement because our water isn't fluoridated."

For the last 6 days, a 7-month-old infant has been receiving amoxicillin trihydrate (Amoxil) to treat an ear infection. Now the parents report redness in the diaper area and small, red patches on the infant's inner thighs and buttocks. After diagnosing Candida albicans, the physician prescribes topical nystatin (Mycostatin) to be applied to the perineum four times daily. Medication teaching should include which instruction?

3. "Inspect your infant's mouth for white patches."

A parent brings her 3-month-old to the clinic for a well-baby examination. Which statement by the parent should concern the nurse?

3. "She's eating rice cereal and applesauce."

The mother of a 12-month-old child expresses concern about the effects of her child's frequent thumb-sucking. After the nurse provides instruction on this topic, which response by the mother indicates that teaching has been effective?

3. "Sucking is important to the baby."

A mother and grandmother bring a 3-month-old infant to the well-baby clinic for a routine checkup. As the nurse weighs the infant, the grandmother asks, "Shouldn't the baby start eating solid food? My kids started on cereal when they were 2 weeks old." Which response by the nurse would be appropriate?

3. "We've found that babies can't digest solid food properly until they're 4 months old."

A client who has tested positive for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) delivers her baby. When she asks whether her baby has acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), how should the nurse respond?

3. "Your baby may have acquired HIV in utero, but we won't know for sure until the baby is older."

An 8-month-old infant is admitted with a febrile seizure. The infant weighs 17 lb (7.7 kg). The physician orders ceftriaxone (Rocephin), 270 mg I.M. every 12 hours. (The safe dosage range is 50 to 75 mg/kg daily.) The pharmacy sends a vial that yields a dosage strength of 500 mg/2 ml when reconstituted. The nurse should administer how many milliliters?

3. 1.08 ml

Which of the following is the recommended immunization schedule for diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis (DTaP)?

3. 2 months, 4 months, 6 months, 15 to 18 months, and 4 to 6 years

The nurse expects an infant to sit up without support at which age?

3. 8 months

When discharging a 5-month-old infant from the hospital, the nurse checks to see whether the parent's car restraint system for the infant is appropriate. Which of the following restraint systems would be safest?

3. A rear-facing infant safety seat in the middle of the backseat

When performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation on a 7-month-old infant, which location would the nurse use to evaluate the presence of a pulse?

3. Brachial artery

The nurse is teaching cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to the parents of a 1-month-old infant being discharged with an apnea monitor. Which steps are appropriate for performing CPR on an infant?

3. Check for a pulse by palpating the brachial artery., 5. Compress the sternum ½" to 1"., 6. Give five compressions to one breath.

A mother calls the clinic to report that her 9-month-old infant has diarrhea. Upon further questioning, the nurse determines that the child has mild diarrhea and no signs of dehydration. Which advice is most appropriate to give this mother?

3. Continue your baby's normal feedings.

The nurse is caring for a client who has a peripheral I.V. infusing. Which finding by the nurse would lead her to suspect infiltration?

3. Feeling of tightness at the I.V. site

Which finding in an infant suggests congenital hypothyroidism?

3. Hypothermia

During a well-baby visit, a mother asks the nurse about starting her infant on solid foods. The nurse should instruct her to introduce which solid food first?

3. Rice cereal

While preparing to discharge a 9-month-old infant who's recovering from gastroenteritis and dehydration, the nurse teaches the parents about their infant's dietary and fluid requirements. The nurse should include which other topic in the teaching session?

3. Safety guidelines

A dehydrated infant is receiving I.V. therapy. The mother tells the nurse she wants to hold her infant but is afraid this might cause the I.V. line to become dislodged. What should the nurse do?

3. Show the mother how to hold the infant properly.

An infant, age 8 months, has a tentative diagnosis of congenital heart disease. During data collection, the nurse measures a heart rate of 170 beats/minute and a respiratory rate of 70 breaths/minute. How should the nurse position the infant?

3. Sitting in an infant seat

A 6-month-old is brought to the emergency department with a suspected femur fracture. The parents state that the infant fell from the couch, causing the injury. The X-ray reveals a circular fracture, which is caused by forcibly twisting the extremity. Which action must the nurse take first?

3. Treat the parents professionally and answer their questions appropriately.

When developing a plan of care for a child, the nurse identifies which Eriksonian stage as corresponding to Freud's oral stage of psychosexual development?

3. Trust versus mistrust

While checking a 2-month-old infant's airway, the nurse finds that he isn't breathing. After two unsuccessful attempts to establish an airway, the nurse should:

3. administer five back blows

A mother brings her 2-month-old infant to the clinic for a well-baby checkup. To best assess the interaction between the mother and infant, the nurse should observe them:

3. as the mother feeds the infant.

Most oral pediatric medications are administered:

3. on an empty stomach.

Parents of a 6-month-old bring their infant to the pediatrician because he has had diarrhea for the past 3 days. The physician diagnoses gastroenteritis and tells the nurse to instruct the parents on oral rehydration. Which instructions should the nurse give?

4. "Give your baby an electrolyte replacement formula such as Pedialyte for the next 24 hours."

A nurse is teaching the parents of an infant with clubfeet about cast care. Which statement by the father indicates the need for further teaching?

4. "Immunizations will have to be delayed until the casts come off."

During a visit to the well-baby clinic, a mother who's breast-feeding her 2-month-old infant expresses concern over the infant's bowel movements. Which statement by the mother would lead the nurse to believe that the infant's bowel movements are normal?

4. "The baby's stools are bright yellow and soft."

The nurse is teaching parents how to select appropriate toys for their 10-month-old infant. Which statement by the parents indicates effective teaching?

4. "We'll get a push toy for the baby."

The mother of a hospitalized infant appears anxious and displays anger with the staff. Which response by the nurse is most appropriate?

4. "You seem upset. Having you baby hospitalized must be very difficult."

The mother of a hospitalized infant appears anxious and displays anger with the staff. Which response is most appropriate?

4. "You seem upset. Having your child hospitalized must be difficult."

The nurse is approached by the mother of a child with hypospadias. She says to the nurse, "Why did this have to happen to my baby? Why couldn't he be perfect? How could this have happened?" What should the nurse say in response?

4. "You seem upset. Tell me about it."

A mother is playing with her infant, who's sitting securely alone on the floor of the clinic. The mother hides a toy behind her back and the infant looks for it. What age would the nurse estimate the infant to be?

4. 10 months

An infant admitted with reactive airway disease is dyspneic and cyanotic. Which intervention takes priority when caring for this infant?

4. Administering albuterol by nebulizer, as prescribed

When planning to administer medication to a 3-month-old infant, the nurse should keep which consideration in mind?

4. An infant's kidneys excrete drugs more slowly than an adult's.

An infant, age 3 months, undergoes surgical repair of a cleft lip. After surgery, the nurse should use which equipment to feed the infant?

4. Bulb syringe with tubing

When collecting data on a neonate, the nurse observes a vaguely outlined area of scalp edema. Which term should the nurse use when documenting this observation?

4. Caput succedaneum

A 10-month-old infant is admitted to the facility with dehydration and metabolic acidosis. What is the most likely cause of the infant's dehydration and acidosis?

4. Diarrhea

A 2-month-old baby hasn't received any immunizations. Which immunizations should the nurse prepare to administer?

4. HIB, DTaP, HepB, pneumococcal vaccine (PCV), and IPV

How should a nurse position an infant when administering an oral medication?

4. Held in the bottle- or breast-feeding position

Which sexually transmitted disease is preventable through infant vaccination?

4. Hepatitis B

A child, age 15 months, is recovering from surgery to remove a Wilms' tumor. Which finding best indicates that the child is free from pain?

4. Increased interest in play

Which factor will most likely decrease drug metabolism during infancy?

4. Inefficient liver function

A mother is discontinuing breast-feeding after 3 months. The nurse should advise her to include which item in her infant's diet?

4. Iron-fortified formula alone

An infant arrives at the emergency department in full cardiopulmonary arrest. Efforts at resuscitation fail, and he's pronounced dead. The cause of death is sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Which of the following is true regarding the etiology of SIDS?

4. It occurs more commonly in infants who sleep in the prone position.

An infant is hospitalized for treatment of inorganic failure to thrive. Which nursing action is most appropriate for this child?

4. Maintaining a consistent, structured environment

A licensed practical nurse is helping a registered nurse admit an infant with acute gastroenteritis. Which intervention takes priority?

4. Obtaining a history of the illness

The nurse is caring for a 10-month-old client with Down syndrome. Which intervention by the nurse is most appropriate?

4. Offer assistance and support to the parents.

In planning the care of an infant undergoing phototherapy for hyperbilirubinemia, which of the following would be least appropriate?

4. Performing frequent visual assessments of jaundice

What is the recommended treatment for scabies in a child who's younger than age 1?

4. Permethrin (Elimite)

A 6-week-old infant is brought to the clinic for a well-baby visit. To check the fontanels, how should the nurse position the infant?

4. Seated upright

Which data collection finding would the nurse identify as abnormal for a 4-month-old infant?

4. The spaces between the ribs (intercostal) are delineated during inspiration.

Which data collection finding would lead the nurse to suspect dehydration in a preterm neonate?

4. Urine output below 1 ml/hour

Which safeguard should the nurse employ with I.V. fluid administration for an infant?

4. Using an infusion pump to regulate the flow rate

When administering an oral medication to an infant, the nurse should take which action to minimize the risk of aspiration?

4. Using an oral syringe to place the medication beside the tongue

When administering an I.M. injection to an infant, the nurse should use which site?

4. Vastus lateralis

The nurse must administer a liquid medication to an infant. Which step should the nurse take first?

4. Verify the physician's order.

Which intervention provides the most accurate information about an infant's hydration status?

4. Weighing the infant daily

A 4-month-old infant is taken to the pediatrician by his parents because they're concerned about his frequent respiratory infections, poor feeding habits, frequent vomiting, and colic. The physician notes that the baby has failed to gain expected weight and recommends that the baby have a sweat test performed to detect possible cystic fibrosis. To prepare the parents for the test, the nurse should explain that:

4. a low-intensity, painless electrical current is applied to the skin.

A nurse performs cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) for 1 minute on an infant without calling for assistance. In reassessing the infant after 1 minute of CPR, the nurse finds he still isn't breathing and has no pulse. The nurse should then:

4. call for assistance.

The nurse is preparing for the discharge of a neonate with a cleft lip and palate. One of the nurse's major concerns is to:

4. establish an adequate feeding pattern.

In a 3-month-old infant, fluid and electrolyte imbalance can occur quickly, primarily because an infant has:

4. immature kidney function.

The nurse must administer a medication to an infant based on his weight in kilograms. The clients weight in pounds is 16. What is the client's weight in kilograms?

7.3

The nurse is providing preoperative teaching to the parents of a 9-month-old infant who is having surgery to repair a ventricular septal defect. Identify the area of the heart where the defect is located.

A ventricular septal defect is a hole in the septum between the ventricles. The defect can be anywhere along the septum but is most commonly located in the middle of the septum.

A 6-month-old infant is found floating face down in a swimming pool. A neighbor, who is a nurse, assesses for the presence of respirations and a pulse. Identify the area that is most appropriate to check for a pulse.

An infant's pulse is most accessible at the brachial artery. The brachial artery is located inside the upper arm between the elbow and the shoulder. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation guidelines recommend using this area to assess for a pulse.

An 11-month-old infant is diagnosed with an ear infection, his second one. The mother asks why children experience more ear infections than adults. The nurse shows the mother a diagram of the ear and explains the differences in anatomy. Identify the portion of the infant's ear that allows fluid to stagnate and act as a medium for bacteria.

The eustachian tube in an infant is shorter and wider than in an adult or an older child. It also slants horizontally. Because of these anatomical features, nasopharyngeal secretions can enter the middle ear more easily, stagnate, and tend to cause infections.