Infant, Toddler, Preschooler, Schooler, & Adolenscence

An infant weighed 8 lbs. at birth. How many lbs. should the infant weigh at 6 months?

16 lbs

Fill-in-the-blank: The anal and urethral sphincter can be voluntarily controlled around _______________.

18-24 months

You observe toddlers playing. The children are playing with toys, but they are not playing together. This type of play is known as?

Parallel play

A 15-year-old patient is struggling with body image. The patient verbalizes they are not happy with how they look and feel "ugly". The nurse knows that what factors below can affect an adolescent's body image? Select all that apply:

Peers Puberty changes Media

A preschooler is in what stage of development according to Piaget's Theory?

Preoperational

Tanner Stages can be used to help determine an adolescent's stage of puberty. You have a 13-year-old female patient. What information does the nurse need to collect in order to use this scale for puberty determination? Select all that apply:

Pubic hair growth Breast development

A 12-month-old arrives to the health clinic for a well visit. You're assessing the infant's developmental milestones. Select below all the milestones the child should be able to perform?

Pulls to a standing position and can take a few steps Follows simple commands like "wave bye-bye " Puts objects in a container Hits two small wooden blocks together

Your patient is 4-years-old. According to Erikson's Stages of Psychosocial Development the child should develop ____________ by the end of their developmental stage.

Purpose

You're educating a group of parents about car seat safety. A participant asks about the best position of a car seat for a 6-month-old. Your response is:

Rear-facing and back seat

A 3-year-old is hospitalized. The parent verbalizes to you that at home the child was potty trained but now the child is refusing to use the toilet and is voiding on themselves. The parent expresses concern. As the nurse you should tell the parent?

Reassure the parent that this is temporary and is most likely occurring because the child is hospitalized

Your patient is 5 months old. Which developmental milestone, if not performed by the infant, should be further investigated?

Rolling over from back to tummy

According to Piaget's Theory of Development, what stage would a 14-month-old be in?

Sensorimotor

At 8-9 months of age, what milestone should an infant be able to successfully perform?

Sit without support

You're providing care to a 1-month-old infant who is hospitalized. The parents are unable to be at the bedside. The infant is crying. Select appropriate nursing interventions for this infant:

Swaddle the infant Rock the infant

According to Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development, what would be the reason for conformity to the rules for a 9-year-old child?

The child conforms to the rules because it causes others to view them as being good.

The nurse is assessing a 10-year-old's risk factors for obesity. Which findings assessed by the nurse are risk factors for obesity in this child? Select all that apply:

The child has a diet rich in calories according to a weekly food diary The child's mother, father, and older sibling are obese. The child has limited access to food options.

What is an example of animism in a 3-year-old child? Select the most appropriate option below:

The child leaves the T.V. on while she plays outside so her doll won't become bored

According to Piaget's Theory of Development, your patient is in the Preoperational Stage based on their age. The patient demonstrates they are in this stage by which finding below?

The child likes to play pretend.

The school-age child experiences many physical changes throughout this developmental time period. Which of the following is NOT a change experienced by this age group?

The child's weight triples from the age of 6 to 12 years.

You note a 10-month-old is using the pincer grasp. Which option below best describes this milestone?

The infant is able to grasp small objects with the index finger and thumb.

A 3-week-old infant is exclusively breast fed. What will you include in the patient education to the mother during this clinic visit?

The infant needs to be supplemented with Vitamin D (400 IU) daily. Infants that are exclusively (ONLY) breast fed should receive Vitamin D supplementation (400 IU) daily per AAP guidelines.

You're assessing a 2-month-old infant. Which finding below is a normal milestone that should be reached by this infant at this age?

The infant smiles at its parent

At what age would you educate the parents of an infant to stop swaddling the infant because the infant will be able to roll over onto its tummy?

4 months

You're developing a plan of care for an infant, and you include activities for play. The play activities include hiding a toy and letting the infant look for it along with playing peek-a-boo. Which infant below would best benefit from this type of play?

9-month-old

You're providing car seat safety education to a mother of an 18-month-old. Which statement by the mother requires you to re-educate her about this topic?

A child is switched to a forward-facing car seat at 12 months

What interventions below should the nurse implement to help the adolescent cope with prolonged hospitalization? Select all that apply:

Allow the patient to wear their own clothes. Encourage the patient to participate in recreational room activities.

You're developing a plan of care for a 3-year-old that includes play activities. What type of play does a child participate in at this age?

Associative

Your patient, who is 2 years old, is having a temper tantrum. What actions below are not appropriate for dealing with this situation? Select-all-that-apply:

Attempt to stop the tantrum Reason with the child Leave the child alone until the tantrum stops

A 20-month-old is in what stage of development according to Erikson's Stages of Development?

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

You need to start an IV on a 4-year-old. Select the appropriate interventions to perform before starting the IV to help the preschooler cope with this procedure. Select-all-that-apply:

Be honest with the child about what to expect with starting the IV. Have a doll available that the child can start an IV on. Encourage and answer all the child's questions before starting the IV.

A 9-year-old arrives to the clinic for a well visit. What are some safety educational topics the nurse should discuss during this visit? Select all that apply:

Bike safety Swimming safety Gun and Fire Safety

What change during puberty typically happens first for girls?

Breast development

According to Erikson's Stages of Psychosocial Development what is the outcome for the school-age child to obtain during this stage?

Competency

Fill in the blank: According to Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development a 10-year-old child would be in the _________________ stage.

Concrete Operational

A 7-year-old child is able to recognize that even though one glass is short while the other is tall they both contain the same amount of liquid. According to Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development, the ability to reason this among the liquid in the glasses in known as?

Conservation

You see a group of children working together to build a sand castle. What type of play is this?

Cooperative

A 3-year-old is hospitalized, and the parent has to leave to care for other children but will be back to visit. What observation found in this preschooler would demonstrate the child is experiencing the protest phase of separation anxiety?

Crying quietly and acting out

A toddler is hospitalized and the parent had to temporarily leave the child. The child was inconsolable when the parent left, but now is quite and withdrawn. This is known as what stage of separation anxiety?

Despair

The mother of a 2-year-old verbalizes concern about how her child has suddenly developed temper tantrums. She asks about preventive measures. What are some preventive measures you can educate the mother about? Select-all-that-apply:

Distract the child. Prepare the child for a change in activity or an event a few minutes before it occurs Avoid new activities when the child is hungry or tired

You're assessing a 10-month-old infant. You note on examination the anterior fontanelle is open. The nurse will:

Document this as a normal finding because this fontanelle closes at about 18 months.

Which statement below is false about the puberty changes for the adolescent?

Due to the activation of the apocrine glands, acne can develop in the teenager.

When potty training a child, it is important to remember that bladder control occurs before bowel control.

False

A 10-year-old is being prepped for heart surgery to replace a heart valve. What fears or stressors does the nurse anticipate this child could experience during this hospitalization?

Fear of pain/injury

The adolescent patient can now think abstractly and see other possible outcomes. In addition, they can start planning for the future and analyze how decisions affect them and others. According to Piaget's Theory on Cognitive Development, the adolescent is in what stage?

Formal Operational

You're creating a plan of care for a 24-month-old and developing interventions to help with the development of the child. According to Erikson's Stages of Development, what intervention below would help promote development in this patient?

Give the child opportunities to make food and drink selections.

The mother of a toddler verbalizes her child has become a picky eater. What are some strategies the mother can implement to help her child? Select-all-that-apply:

Have small easy to grab nutritious snacks available rather than 3 large meals a day Use the same plate and cup for meals

An infant was 21 inches at birth. How many inches should the infant be at 6 months?

24-27 inches

A 2-year-old weighed 7 lbs. at birth. How much should the child weigh now?

28 lbs

According to Erikson's Stages of Psychosocial Development, the adolescent is in the ________ vs. __________ stage with a goal to develop ____________.

Identity vs. Role Confusion; fidelity

Your patient is 7-years-old. What stage of psychosocial development, according to Erikson's Theory, should this child be in?

Industry vs. Inferiority

A 14-year-old male has a BMI (Body Mass Index) of 70th percentile based on their age, height, and gender. How would the nurse interpret this BMI for this patient?

Normal

Your patient is 6 months old. According to Erikson's Stage of Development, this patient is in what stage?

Trust vs. Mistrust

The nurse is developing a plan of care to help the school-age child and their caregiver implement diet changes to help decrease the child's obesity risk. Which intervention below should be avoided?

Use a reward system that includes food rewards

You're assessing the development of a 5-year-old. Which of the following are FINE motor skills a child should be able to perform at this age? Select-all-that-apply:

Use blunt tip scissors Copy triangles and circles Print their first name

A 10-year-old is hospitalized for the treatment of a broken arm. The child is becoming restless and bored. The nurse asks the child if they would like to do an activity. Which activity below would be appropriate for the nurse to suggest to the child?

Watching a movie

You're providing caring to a 2-year-old and have noted negativism. Which statement by the nurse to the toddler will help decrease negativism when administering medications to the toddler?

"You can take your medicine in the blue or green cup."

The mental health nurse is assessing an adolescent patient for signs of risk of suicide. Which statement by the patient requires immediate intervention?

"I've got out a plan on how to get out of this life."

You're teaching a group of new moms about how to assess toilet training readiness in their toddler. Which statement by a participant demonstrates they did NOT understand the education provided:

"It is best to start night-time potty training before day-time potty training."

The nurse is providing education to the adolescent on sleep practices. Which statement by the adolescent demonstrates they need re-education on this topic?

"Surfing my phone at night helps me fall asleep."

You're teaching a new mom of a 1-week-old infant on how to prevent SIDS (sudden infant death syndrome). Which statement by the parent requires you to re-educate the parent on this topic?

"The best sleeping position for the baby is on their side or tummy".

Which statement below is TRUE regarding a 5-year-old's cognitive development based on Piaget's Theory?

"This child's thinking is still egocentric and they can't understand the point of views of others."

A parent verbalizes concern about her 3-year-old stammering while pronouncing words and asks for suggestions. Which statement by the nurse to the parent is NOT an appropriate intervention regarding the child's stammering?

"When the child stammers help the child finish the word."

The nurse is educating the parents of a 13-month-old on how to avoid dental caries. Which statements should the nurse include in the education about this topic to the parents? Select-all-that-apply:

"When your child's first teeth erupt, it is time to go to the dentist." "If your water at home does not contain fluoride, fluoride supplementation may be needed".

A 15-year-old patient is hospitalized for treatment of cancer. The patient has started to refuse medications and other treatments. In addition, the patient is yelling and screaming at staff. This patient may be experiencing what type of fear associated with this age group?

Loss of Control

A 4-year-old is hospitalized for the treatment of a brain tumor. As the nurse you know that a preschooler would struggle with which of the following issues during the hospitalization?

Loss of control

During an assessment of a 10-month-old infant, you note on the infant's gum line two teeth that have erupted. These are the only teeth present in the infant's mouth. These teeth are known as the?

Lower central incisors

6.5-month-old is hospitalized. What nursing intervention will you include in their plan of care?

Maintain the same nursing staff during each shift

When considering Erikson's Stages of Psychosocial Development for a 3-year-old which action below would potentially hinder a child's development?

Making choices and decisions for the child

You're helping develop a meal plan for a 10-month-old. Which foods will you select to be part of the meal plan? Select all that apply:

Mashed potatoes Soup