Infectious Disease Review - UC

Anthrax

Bacillus anthracis

Lyme disease

Borrelia burgdorferi Cause characteristic target lesions Spread by ticks

Coronaviruses

Cause of SARS, MERS and covid-19 and some cases of common cold (though most common cold caused by Rhinoviruses) Classification : (unranked):Virus Realm:Riboviria Kingdom:Orthornavirae Phylum:Pisuviricota Class:Pisoniviricetes Order:Nidovirales Family:Coronaviridae Subfamily:Orthocoronavirinae They are enveloped viruses with a positive-sense single-stranded RNA genome Named after the appearance of the S-Spike proteins on an electron microscope - look like a solar corona In picture Red - S - Spike Proteins, Grey - L - Lipid Bilayer envelope, Yellow - E - Envelope Proteins, Orange - M - Membrane proteins

Chagas disease

Caused by Trypanosoma cruzi - a protazoan parasite Spread by Triatominae (kissing bugs) Complications include Heart failure, oesophagus enlargement + enlarged colon. AKA American trypanosomiasis Mostly occurs in south america

Cholera

Caused by Vibrio Cholerae - gram negative Vibrio cholerae is a Gram-negative, comma-shaped bacterium. The bacterium's natural habitat is brackish or saltwater where they attach themselves easily to the chitin-containing shells of crabs, shrimps, and other shellfish. Incubation period is 2 hours - 5 days Equatorial distribution + russia Major pandemic of 1846-1860 ushered in new innovations in the design of cities. 1854 particualrly bad for london - John snow first identified water as the route of transmission but studying the distribution of cases around water pumps in Soho.

Plague

Caused by Yersinia Pestis

West Nile Virus

Caused by the West nile virus - a flavivirus spread to humans by the bite of an infected mosquito

Smallpox

Cuaed by Variola Major and Variola Minor Variola major more severe than minor

How to remember biological classifications

Dear King Philip Came Over For Good Soup Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Amoebic liver abscess

Entamoeba histolytica

Gonorrhea

A sexually transmitted bacterial disease caused by a gonococcus bacterium that causes inflammation of the genital mucous membrane, burning pain when urinating, and a discharge Caused by Neiisseria Gonorrhoeae

Chlamydia

A sexually transmitted disease, the most common in developed countries, caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. Often producing no symptoms, it can cause infertility, chronic pain, or a tubal pregnancy if left untreated.

Dengue Fever

AKA Breakbone fever Dengue Virus spread by female aedes aegypti mosquito. positive-stranded RNA virus of the family Flaviviridae; genus Flavivirus. Open water areas main breeding ground of the mosquito Fever, headache (pain behind the eyes), Characteristic skin rash and generalized muscle and joint pain and fever. Incubation period 4-10 days Southeast asia and carribean

Typhoid Fever

AKA Enteric Fever Caused by salmonella typhi and salmonella paratyphi - Gram negative Sx's include fever, abdominal pain, headache and rose spot rash. Typhoid is spread by eating or drinking food or water contaminated with the feces of an infected person. RFs include poor sanitation and poor hygiene Constipation or diarrhoea can also occur. Mainly South Central Asia

Schistosomiasis

Helminth infection acquired from contact with water containing infected snails. Intermediate host is freshwater snails Infects GI tract and causes GI symptoms

Hepatitis (Viral)

Hep A - "Travellers hep", acute no chronic phase Hep B - Acute + in 20% cases leads to chronic Hep C - Usually leads to chronic Hep D - Co-infection with HBV far worse Hep E - Seafood and Faecal-oral route, V dangerous if also pregnant - usually just acute

Strongyloidiasis

Strongyloides stercoralis - a nematode The parasitic intestinal helminths can be divided into three groups which include Nematodes (roundworms), Cestodes (tapeworms), and Trematodes (flukes). Helminths share numerous characteristics that contribute to their parasitic quality including the presence of attachment organs. Helminths essentially are parasties that can be seen with the naked eye.

Yellow Fever

Yellow fever is an acute viral haemorrhagic disease transmitted by infected mosquitoes. The "yellow" in the name refers to the jaundice that affects some patients. Symptoms of yellow fever include fever, headache, jaundice, muscle pain, nausea, vomiting and fatigue. The disease is caused by yellow fever virus and is spread by the bite of an infected female mosquito. Aedes aegypti The virus is an RNA virus of the genus Flavivirus Incubation period 3-6 days All of africa and south america and central america.

Name few Flaviviruses

Yellow fever virus Zika Virus Dengue Virus West Nile virus

Diphtheria

acute infection of the throat and upper respiratory Caused by Corynebacterium Diphtheriae - Gram Positive Sx's incude a thick grey-white coating at the back of your throat, a high temperature (fever) of 38C or above, feeling sick, sore throat, headache, swollen glands in your neck, difficulty breathing and swallowing. Incubation period 2-5 days Sub-saharan africa, indonesia and India

infectious mononucleosis

an infection caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) that is characterized by fever, a sore throat, and enlarged lymph nodes can also be cuased by CMV

Leptospirosis

caused by Leptospira interrogans - bacteria Hall-mark symptom is subconjunctival subfussions (red conjuctiva) Together with jaundice Acute phase followed by a more severe chronic phase

Thrush

infection with Candida albicans

HIV

retrovirus that causes AIDS

Malaria

Malaria is caused by single-celled microorganisms of the Plasmodium group. Plasmodia are eukaryotic parasites Most common causative species are P. Falciparum (most deadly), P.Ovale, P.malariae and P.vivax. Spread by female Anopheles mosquito Parasites go to liver and reproduce Incubation period 10-15 days Symptoms of malaria include. Mostly sub-saharan africa and equatorial regions.

Tuberculosis

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

Buruli Ulcer

Mycobacterium ulcerans

Cutaneous Myiasis

Myiasis is infestation by the larvae (maggots) of fly species within the arthropod order Diptera (two-winged adult flies).

Typhus

Typhus, also known as typhus fever, is a group of infectious diseases that include epidemic typhus, scrub typhus, and murine typhus.[1] Common symptoms include fever, headache, and a rash.[1] Typically these begin one to two weeks after exposure The diseases are caused by specific types of bacterial infection. Epidemic typhus is due to Rickettsia prowazekii spread by body lice - Gram Negative murine typhus is due to Rickettsia typhi spread by fleas. Known to occur in confined area thusnames like jail fever and camp fever The incubation period of epidemic louse-borne typhus is typically between 10 and 14 days. Mianly Sub-saharan africa

Leishmaniasis

Used to be called jericho buttons due to the incidence of cases outside of the ancient city of jericho caused by sandflys, which inject the parasite into the skin, sores on skin that look like volcanoes with raised edges and central craters -mostly tropics -3 species, Leishmania donovani, tropica and braziliensis - intracellular parasites -2 disease types -visceral BLACK FEVER (AKA Kala azar) or Cutaneous

Ebola

Viral hemorrhagic fever of humans and other primates caused by ebola viruses. Sx's include fever, sore throat, muscular pain, and headaches. Ebola viruses are within the Filovirus family Spread by contact with infected secretions Incubation period of 2-21 days Occurs in central and west africa