Infectious Diseases Affecting the Respiratory System

MDR-TB stands for ______-_______ tuberculosis

multidrug; resistant

_________ is a glycoprotein that is part of the influenza virion spikes and breaks down the protective mucous of the respiratory tract

neuraminidase

Influenza infections are hard to treat with antivirals because:

the antivirals must be taken early, often before signs/symptoms appear.

Incubation for influenza

1-4 days

Rhinitis often leads to acute otitis media because of the inflammation of the _____ tubes and buildup of the fluid in the _______ _______.

eustachian; middle ear

The signs and symptoms of influenza include:

fatigue, fever, headache, stuffy nose, dry cough, body aches, sore throat

Which viral agents are knwon to cause serious viral pneumonias as their primary disease?

hantavirus; SARS coronavirus

The spike found on the lipid envelope of influenza that contributes to red blood cell clumping is:

hemagglutinin

The signs and symptoms of scarlet fever include

high fever; sandpaper like skin rash

Over _______ different types of viruses cause the common cold.

200

Only 5% of people who become infected with tuberculosis develop a clinical case

5%

Patients who are at risk for reactivated TB are treated with antibiotics for up to ____ ________.

9 months

Streptococcus pyogenes belongs to which group of streptococci?

A

First defense line of the respiratory system

Coughing, ciliated epithelium, mucus production, sneezing, nasal hair

The skin screen test for tuberculin hypersensitivity is known as the ______ test.

Mantoux

influenza A viruses are named according to their different types of ___ and ___ glycogen spikes.

H; N

Which disease are prevented by the DTaP vaccine?

Tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis

Organisms that have the potential to cause serious disease are often members of the microbial population in the upper respiratory tact, but may not actually cause disease in the host.

True

THe cough seen in pertussis is uncontrollable and presents with a distinct sound as the patient gaps for air between bouts. It can even lead to small hemorrhages in the eyes and brain.

True

The cell wall of M. tuberculosis

acid fast

The general type of staining procedure that is used to diagnose the tuberculosis bacterium based upon its cell wall structure is known as the _______ stain

acid-fast

One of the important functions of normal biota of the upper respiratory system is microbial _______ which reduces the possibility of pathogens establishing themselves there.

antagonism

Which of the following contributes to the high level or variability in the influenza virus?

antigenic shift/drift

Pharyngitis can be caused by:

bacterial infection, mechanical irritation, sinus drainage, viral infection

Viral pharyngitis will not show _____-hemolytic activity on blood agar

beta

Pertussis is caused by the bacterium _____ _________

bordetella pertussis

The recovery period from a disease when the numbers of the causative agent are decreasing and the symptoms have disappeared is called the _____ phase

convalescent

The area of hardened, redden tissue associated with a tuberculin test is called a(n) ______.

induration

THe specific lines of defense in the upper respiratory tract include _______ in the alveoli and tonsils and specific _____ antibodies in the mucus

macrophages; antibodies

Inflammation of the throat is also known as?

pharyngitis

Which of the following are fungal agents that are known to cause cases of pneumonia?

pneumocytis jiroveci, histoplasma capsulatum

Which of the following agents usually caused minor colds in most patients, but can lead to a serious respiratory infection in young children?

respiratory synctial virus

The most common group of viruses that cause rhinitis are _____.

rhinoviruses

Which of the following is the most noticeable symptom seen in the catarrhal stage of pertussis

runny nose

Major changes in the influenza A virus due to recombination of viral strains from 2 different host species are referred to as antigenic _______.

shift

Inflammation of any of the four pairs of air cavities in the cranial bones is also known as

sinusitis

Scarlet fever is only caused by ________ strains that are themselves infected with a lysogenic bacteriophage.

streptococcus pyogenes

S. pyogenes produces ______ whose action is to lyse red blood cells to release hemoglobin

streptolysin

The lower respiratory tract includes which of the following?

trachea, bronchi, alveoli, bronchioles

The granulomatous lung lesion seen in TB that can serve as a focus for latent infection is called a _____

tubercle

Which of the following is the most noticeable symptom seen in the paroxysmal stage of pertussis

uncontrollable cough

The ______ respiratory system contains large normal biota population

upper

The ________ respiratory tract normally contains a large population of commnesal microorganisims

upper

Primary infections of the upper respiratory tract are often caused by ____, which can predispose a patient to a secondary infection caused by _______.

viruses; bacteria