Info Systems Pre-Guide Test
More cellular antenna arrays with each antenna sending out weaker microwave signals will most likely be a key factor in the creation of ____ cellular networks.
5G
What technology is being used in China for remote surgical procedures?
5G technology
China has a 5-year initiative to develop robot-assisted remote surgery nationwide. This will use ___ technology to deliver the service.
5G-based robotics
Researchers at IBM are on the verge of using machine learning and artificial intelligence technologies to identify patterns in human speech that may be predictive of an eventual diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. The system can produce data and conclusions within only a couple of minutes with an accuracy rate of _____, which is far better than the test currently used today.
71%
What is a digital twin?
A dynamic software representation of a piece of equipment or system that emulates the original materials, measurements, component parts, and operational behavior.
What is neurotechnology?
A field of technology that aims to better understand and interact with the brain and nervous system.
What is facial recognition payment technology?
A technology that uses facial recognition to authorize payments.
Which of the following are true statements about bias in AI?
AI bias is defined as variance that exists in the output provided by AI algorithms. Biases in AI often result from two factors: cognitive bias or incomplete data. Cognitive bias includes conscious or unconscious errors in cognition that impact an individual's judgments, assumptions, and decision making.
Which of the following are true about Project Soli, the new touchless sensing interactive technology being developed ATAP?
ATAP envisions a future in which the human hand becomes a universal input device for interacting with technology. The Soli chip will be embedded in wearables, phones, computers, cars, and IoT devices. Project Soli is a microchip that uses miniature radar to detect touchless gesture interactions.
Taryn Southern released an album called I AM AI after having composed and produced the music using artificial intelligence algorithms with a program called ___.
Amper
Magenta, currently in development, uses artificial intelligence algorithms to create music through inputs such as stories, colors, and feelings. Magenta is being developed by programmers at ___.
In an attempt to better diagnose Alzheimer's disease, researchers from ___ are using machine learning and artificial intelligence technologies to identify patterns in human speech that may be predictive of an eventual diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.
IBM
One company that is on the verge of using machine learning and AI technologies to identify patterns in human speech that may be predictive of an eventual diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease is ___.
IBM
Researchers at _____ are on the verge of using machine learning and AI technologies to identify patterns in human speech that may be predictive of an eventual diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.
IBM
Because it has no motor and is made from cardboard, the _____ is a lower cost and disposable delivery option.
ICARUS
Named for the man in Greek mythology who flew too close to the sun, the ___ drone can deliver urgent medical supplies to remote areas.
ICARUS
IoMT stands for:
Internet of Medical Things
Medical imaging of a patient's heart to develop a three-dimensional computer model, which is then printed in 3D using polymer-based ink is a process for creating ______ a heart.
Robotic
Medical imaging of a patient's heart to develop a three-dimensional computer model, which is then printed in 3D using polymer-based ink is a process for creating a ___.
Robotic Heart
To ease the impact of the shortage of doctors, several companies have produced medical ___ that can perform several medical roles formerly conducted by humans.
Robots
In which 3 of the following are ways has the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) been used?
Self-screening at home Rapid COVID-19 screening Regional integration of health records
In its Building 8 labs, Facebook has been developing a technology that may one day allow deaf people to hear through their _____
Skin
James Bond used to carry a secret spy camera. That would not be necessary if he wears the new contact lenses being developed by _______. They can record and play video as well as take photos.
Sony
NASA stands for the National Aeronautics and _____ Administration.
Space
Select what you need in order to visit an Amazon Go store.
The Amazon Go app A smartphone Amazon account
Which of the following is considered a primary reason for the high cost of commercializing new drugs used to treat disease?
The difficulty of finding promising molecules to develop new pharmaceuticals is high.
Which of the following are key features of Violet the virus-killing robot?
The robot prototype uses Intel® Movidius™ Myriad™ X Vision Processing Unit (VPU). The robot uses ultraviolet light to sanitize (destroy bacteria and viruses) rooms and equipment quickly, helping humans avoid possible exposure when sanitizing.
Which of the following statements are true about Nanorobots?
Used to constantly monitor our bodies for maladies and other symptoms Can build and manipulate things precisely where components are at a scale of a nanometer Have the capacity to carry medication or miniature tools
Which of the following are true about 3D crime scene imaging cameras?
Using 3D scanning forensic scientists can analyze line of sight, blood spatter, and bullet trajectories. These cameras allow law enforcement officers to verify witness testimony or evaluate plausible hypotheses. 3D forensic technology replicates the entire crime scene before it is altered.
A major challenge facing software designers and database managers involved with ERP is that, with the Internet of Things, the amount of ___ becomes unmanageable.
data
A dynamic software representation of a piece of equipment or system that emulates the original materials, measurements, component parts, and operational behavior is called a ____ twin
digital
Engineers at MIT have designed a photonic crystal that works in conjunction with solar cells to double their efficiency. These crystals convert _____ into energy
heat
Under development at MIT, photonic crystals allow solar panels to be twice as efficient by absorbing and converting the sun's ___.
heat
The amount of time taken by data to travel from devices to a data center and back is called __________.
latency
With billions of IoT devices installed at disparate geographies and operating at the Edge, from autonomous cars and drones to door openers, air-conditioning units, and refrigerators, a major challenge for designers of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) software is that there is too
much data
A field of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) that concentrates on technologies developed to better understand and interact with the brain and nervous system is known as
neurotechnology
BlueDot developed a software application that analyzes threat vectors to serve as an early warning system for identifying
pandemics
A type of semiconductor that requires high-energy ultraviolet light to generate electrons involved in the transformation of carbon dioxide is called a _____.
photocatalyst
What did the recent study in the Journal of Medical Internet Research investigate regarding pain management indicate?
the use of VR as a way to relieve pain in patients undergoing bone marrow biopsy was as effective as nitrous oxide
Connected passenger vehicle technologies offer a similar vision of using ________ -to-everything (V2X) connectivity to enable each car's sensors to be networked with every other vehicle and other associated sensors in an effort to improve a driver's awareness.
vehicle
5G cellular technology offers the promise of download speeds as high as 20 Gbps. This will likely require more antenna arrays with each antenna sending out ___ microwave signals.
weaker
Which of the following statements is true regarding Zebra-Med's AI offering?
It helps radiologists manage their workload while maintaining quality.
IBM has developed AviCenna which is smart software that is able to review medical images such as CT scans. If it reaches its potential, there might not be as great a need for ___.
radioligists
A new payment technology provides a secure and convenient method of paying for goods and services uses facial _____ . The software uses a "liveness" test, designed to prevent anyone from tricking the system with a photo.
recognition
Scientists are working to create ______ refineries that produce useful compounds from the waste gas that can serve as raw materials for the synthesis of various products such as medicines, detergents, fertilizers, and textiles.
solar
Intel's XE-HP GPU, built in a collaboration between Intel, Hewlett Packard, and the Argonne National Laboratory is designed to support the Aurora ___.
supercomputer
Put the six steps of the of the Amazon Web Services (AWS) deep learning process in the correct order.
1. Collect Data 2. Choose and optimize the algorithm 3. Set up and manage the environment for training Train, retrain, and tune the models 5. Deploy models in production 6. Scale and ,manage the production environment
Put the steps for how an image of a house can be created using GANs in the correct order.
1. The GAN is fed actual images of houses 2. The generator is fed random inputs 3. The generator creates a sample based on these inputs 4. If the discriminator chooses the real image instead of the generated image, the system will continue to develop/adjust generated images
According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, AI-related careers are predicted to increase by ____ percent by the year 2030.
31.4
One potential issue with the point-of-stake (PoS) consensus mechanism is that if an owner purchases over ___ percent of the blocks (coins), that owner could potentially stop any future transactions.
50
Select three true statements regarding smart contracts and DAOs.
A DAO (pronounced "dow") allows anyone with an Internet connection to join together on a smart contract to raise funds. The DAO governance is decentralized, meaning that any policies must be agreed to by the contributors to the DAO. DAO, in this context, stands for decentralized autonomous organization.
What is differential privacy?
A mathematical method that measures how much privacy increases when noise is added to data.
Select three true statements regarding fungible and non-fungible tokens.
A non-fungible token (NFT) is a token that is unique and cannot be duplicated. A fungible token is one that can be exchanged for an exact duplicate. An example of a fungible token is a Bitcoin.
Airbus announced three concepts for the world's first zero-emission commercial aircraft. They are hopeful they can have these aircraft ready for service by 2035. This carbon-neutral technology would reduce the environmental impact of aircraft operations. Two of the concepts they are exploring include which of the following?
A turbofan design that can seat 120-200 passengers with a range of over 2,000 nautical miles. A turboprop design that can seat up to 100 people that uses a turboprop engine that is capable of traveling more than 1,000 nautical miles.
The native cryptocurrency of the Cardano blockchain is called ___.
ADA
Artificial Intelligence
AI
Detection software tools are designed to interpret text and potentially detect if ______ generated the text.
AI
Programs that use algorithms, artificial intelligence (AI), and natural language processing (NLP) to interpret user inputs and provide automated responses to customer or user queries are called ___.
AI Chatbots
Which of the following are popular AI detection software programs?
AI Text Classifier by OpenAI Turnitin AI Writing Detection Model GPT Zero
Select the true statements about the process of learning AI.
AI relies heavily on algorithms to process data and create output. AI programs need data to create output.
Which of the following are considerations of AI chatbot ethics?
Accurate data representation Chatbot identity and persona Transparency
Which of the following are the concepts behind adaptive learning?
Adaptive learning platforms provide a unique learning experience for each student. Adaptive learning platforms use questions and algorithms to ensure students are provided with needed information.
Which 3 of the following are focus areas of the xTechSearch competition hosted by the U.S. Army?
Advanced manufacturing autonomy Network technologies Artificial intelligence/machine learning (AI/ML)
The first concept for zero-emission commercial aircraft was recently discussed by _____.
Airbus
The world's first concept for zero-emission commercial aircraft was recently discussed by _____.
Airbus
The world's first concept for zero-emission commercial large passenger aircraft was recently discussed by _____.
Airbus
Violet is A 4-foot 7-inch robot called Violet, with a humanoid appearance, that was developed by _____, an Irish startup that specializes in designing artificially intelligent helpers for the healthcare industry. The goal is to help overburdened hospitals better cope with the challenges they are currently facing due to COVID-19.
Akara
Violet is a 4-foot 7-inch robot with a humanoid appearance that was developed by _____, an Irish startup that specializes in designing artificially intelligent helpers for the healthcare industry. The goal is to help overburdened hospitals better cope with the challenges they are currently facing due to COVID-19.
Akara
Select the true statements about how machine learning can be used to solve a problem.
Algorithms created by machine learning take data and answers to questions and use this to develop a machine learning model. If-then statements are often used in machine learning models. Machine learning uses various data inputs to build an algorithm.
Facing an adversary that has overwhelming military strength leads many groups to consider using cyberattacks, such as North Korea's May-June 2017 WannaCry ransomware attack. Which of the following three areas that might be vulnerable to cyberattacks?
An electrical grid A water supply A transportation system
Which of the following is a threat vector analyzed by BlueDot's software to identify pandemics?
Animal populations
Which of the following are identified in the reading as current users of differential privacy?
Apple Facebook U.S. Census Bureau
Recently, scientists at Hong Kong-based Insilico Medicine and the University of Toronto used ______ algorithms to synthesize several drug candidates, which demonstrated the strategy can work.
Artificial Intelligence
In May 2017 the WannaCry ransomware attack struck British hospitals particularly hard. This was a type of cyberattack and shows how a nation with less military strength can level the field using technology. This is an example of ___ warfare.
Asymmetric
Cyberwarfare can level the playing field when military strengths differ because it allows for sneak attacks that can strike a modern economy where it is most vulnerable. This is referred to as ___.
Asymmetric warfare
Machine-learning software is being used to explore databases of existing molecules (and their associated properties) to generate information that can be used to develop new drugs to treat a variety of conditions expeditiously and at lower costs. Firms at the forefront of this new strategy include:
Atomwise Insilico Medicine Kebotix
Microsoft joined forces with SpaceX to connect their _____ cloud computing network to Elon Musk's Starlink satellite Internet service.
Azure
When talking about business decision making, the acronym BDA stands for _____.
Big Data Analytics
Originally developed as a cryptocurrency exchange and built on the Ethereum blockchain, ______ (BNB) developed its own blockchain based on PoA and boasts a transaction time of 60 transactions per second.
Binance
Some cryptocurrencies have value just because they store value and have a limited number of blocks. The largest cryptocurrency by market cap is______ . It is limited to 21 million blocks (coins).
Bitcoin
The Litecoin blockchain was created to be a faster store-of-value coin than ___ (BTC).
Bitcoin
The first widely used blockchain was created in 2008 to support the cryptocurrency called:
Bitcoin
The largest cryptocurrency by market capitalization, __________ is accepted by well over 100,000 merchants.
Bitcoin
Which of the following three are examples of cryptocurrency?
Bitcoin Ethereum Litecoin
Allowing people to share a digital ledger across a network of computers, ______ uses computer code to create concatenated (linked together) blocks of transactions.
Blockchain
Serving as the technology behind cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin, __ provides a level playing field for all users.
Blockchain
Headquartered in Toronto, _____ has developed a software application that serves as an early warning system for identifying pandemics.
BlueDot
The Imaging Analytics Engine developed by Zebra-Med can be used to uncover which of the following conditions that may be present in CT scans?
Brain conditions Liver disease Lung conditions
Facebook's (Meta's) Building 8, is working on is a ___ (BCI) that could fundamentally change how we interact with and use technology.
Brain to computer interface
How do intelligent intersections help alleviate traffic congestion?
By using car-to-everything (C2X) technology and smart traffic lights
A technology called ___ may change the way doctors treat HIV, cancer, and antibiotic resistant bacterial infections.
CRISPR
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats uses bacteria's immune systems to edit individual genes. This technology is better known as
CRISPR
Smart software, called AviCenna, is being developed by IBM that will be used to assist radiologists with interpreting medical images such as ___.
CT Scans
Which of the following should be considered before a student uses information provided by an AI chatbot?
Chatbot Plagiarism Misinformation False Representation
Chatbot Plagiarism
Chatbot responses may contain information from preexisting sources.
A technology that allows scientists to test drugs quickly and without the use of animals or humans is referred to as organ on a _____ (OOC).
Chip
Separating a compound into its constituent parts is referred to as __. This technology might one day allow you to enjoy a 60-year-old Scotch for the price of a glass of inexpensive whiskey.
Chromatography
Assets are wrapped using Ethereum Request for ______ (ERC) protocols in order to connect them to the Ethereum blockchain.
Comments
Facebook's Building 8 is an innovation-driven business unit that is working on a Brain ____ Interface.
Computer
Researchers at _____ University have created a fiber-optic sensor that uses low-cost, light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and dyes to create a stretchable skin that detects deformations such as bending, strain, and pressure.
Cornell
Transparency
Creating output that can be shared with the public about how systems use data and interact with populations should be available.
Which three of the following statements are true when it comes to DApps?
DApps are sophisticated smart contracts that can be accessed anonymously. PoS blockchains significantly lower DApp development costs. DApp construction began several years ago on the Ethereum (ETH) blockchain.
Which of the following statements is true about digital immune systems (DIS)?
DIS is a computer security concept that uses machine learning to defend against cyberattacks.
Which of the following is true about decision science (DS)?
DS involves pulling together multiple data sources to generate business insights.
Created by MakerDAO and built on the Ethereum blockchain, ___ is pegged to the U.S. dollar through the use of game theory and overcollateralization with Ethereum.
Dai (DAI)
Because of the significant information it can reveal about the electorate, ___ mining has become increasingly important to campaign managers.
Data
Input Layer
Data and information from a variety of sources is entered into the neural network through this layer.
Advantages of Cloud-based AI
Data management Enhanced security Cost savings Increased efficiency
Traditional finance (TradFi) uses centralized organizations such as banks and credit unions to facilitate transactions for customers. ___ uses smart contracts built on blockchains.
Decentralized finance (DeFi)
One of Google's companies that is investigating AI and Machine Learning is called __________.
DeepMind
Which of the 3 following statements are true regarding differential privacy?
Differential privacy is a mathematical method that measures how much privacy increases when noise is added. The US Census Bureau used differential privacy to keep census data secure and private. Differential privacy injects noise or inaccuracies into data.
Using ________ Twin technology, smart components that use sensors gather data about real-time status, working conditions, or positions and are integrated with a physical item. The components are connected to a Cloud-based system that receives and processes all the data monitored by the sensors.
Digital
Pulling vast amounts of air through a vast filtration system that uses amine-based scrubbers to reduce CO2 in the atmosphere is known as _______ Air Capture.
Direct
Pulling vast amounts of air through a vast filtration system that uses amine-based scrubbers to reduce CO2 in the atmosphere is known as ___.
Direct air capture
Started as a spoof to mock the investor speculation, ___ has become a surprisingly large cryptocurrency by market capitalization.
Dogecoin (DOGE)
Assets are wrapped using Ethereum Request for Comments (ERC) protocols. The most commonly used is the ___, which is generally used for contracts that exchange cryptocurrencies
ERC-20 protocol
Business management software that encompasses nearly all business activities in a corporation is called ___ software.
ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning)
One of Tesla's founders, ___, recently announced the release of autonomous driving software for their vehicles.
Elon Musk
The FTC acknowledged that AI has the potential to advance almost every industry, but all of this potential comes with some negative risks that must be addressed. Concerning AI, which of the following does the FTC urge organizations to provide evidence of?
Ensure that decisions are fair, robust, and empirically sound. Explain how algorithms make decisions. Hold themselves accountable for compliance, ethics, fairness, and nondiscrimination.
When referring to business information systems, ERP stands for _______ resource planning.
Enterprise
If you purchase Ethereum (coins), the transaction operates on the______ blockchain, since it is a native coin.
Ethereum
Seeing the success of Bitcoin's blockchain, but wanting to capitalize on the ability to create smart contracts, the developers of the Blank______ blockchain made it more flexible and faster than Bitcoin's blockchain.
Ethereum
Some blockchains charge fees (called gas fees) for transactions. The first major blockchain that enabled decentralized financial (DeFi) transactions was
Ethereum
To make an NFT, a smart contract wraps the digital artwork, using the ERC-721 protocol, creating a unique token that can then be sold over the Internet. ERC stands for ___ request for comment.
Ethereum
Which three of the following statements regarding decentralized finance (DeFi) are correct?
Ethereum's blockchain hosts the vast majority of the smart contracts that support DeFi. Ether (gas fees) is the most common medium of exchange in the smart contracts that support DeFi. It uses smart contracts built on blockchains to eliminate the requirement of trust and to reduce transaction fees.
What is the main difference between exascale computers and traditional supercomputers?
Exascale computers have more powerful hardware than traditional supercomputers.
Collaboration
Experts agree that a multidisciplinary effort to advance AI is needed. Authorities across many disciplines need to establish a common set of standards and platforms.
Fusing immersive technologies such as virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR), ___ creates a simulated environment that improves human-machinery interaction in such fields as construction and logistics.
Extended Reality (XR)
_________ is exploring language learning through feel, where the deaf can hear through their skin. Prototypes let skin mimic the ear's cochlea to translate sound into specific frequencies for the brain.
Litecoin (LTC) resides on the Bitcoin blockchain.
False
Which of the following are guiding principles for the ethical use of AI?
Follow laws, rules, and standards covering AI. Incorporate transparency and accountability concerning AI practices. Implement data security and privacy principles.
Amazon is offering a new way to shop for groceries using IoT and machine vision called Amazon _____.
Go
Intel's XE-HP GPU, designed to support the Aurora supercomputer. GPU stands for _____
Graphical processing unit
Human Values in AI
Humans have to calculate the potential risks and consequences of their actions based on a number of factors, including morals and values.
Select the true statements about information architecture.
IA is about helping people understand their surroundings and allowing them to find what they're looking for in the real world and online. IA is a crucial component of the overall AI strategy of an organization. Many experts agree that there is no AI without the analysis and implementation of IA.
Using non-volatile salts that exist as liquids at room temperature and absorb CO2, ___ technology can make fossil fuel electrical generation far "greener".
ILS
Select three true statements regarding TerraUSD (UST) and Luna.
In April 2022, it was the third largest stablecoin by market cap. UST used smart contracts and algorithms to peg the value of 1 UST to $1 U.S. by overcollateralizing with other cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin and Ethereum. In May 2022, TerraUSD and Luna collapsed when Bitcoin and Ethereum value dropped precipitously.
Which of the following are true statements about trust in AI platforms?
In a recent study by Deloitte, 67 percent of executives responded they are "not comfortable" using data from advanced AI systems. Creating transparency is an important step in building trust in AI platforms. Collaboration can help to build trust in AI platforms.
Output Layer
In this layer, information from the previous layers is analyzed. After this analysis occurs, a final prediction or conclusion is made.
Select the true statements about unsupervised learning.
In unsupervised learning, clustering is used. Unsupervised algorithms are used to uncover hidden associations within data sets or patterns within data sets that may go unnoticed without the assistance of humans. In unsupervised learning, machine learning algorithms are used to examine and cluster unlabeled data sets.
Potential Positive Outcomes of AI
Increased productivity Decreased human risk and injury Diminished human-caused errors
What is one potential benefit of implementing medical robots in healthcare infrastructure?
Increasing healthcare availability.
Which of the following best describes the value proposition of industry cloud platforms?
Industry cloud platforms offer a unified solution for organizations to manage and process large volumes of data or require specialized software solutions for their industry.
False Representation
Information provided by AI chatbots should be treated in the same way as information from a journal article or book.
IBM's AI Ladder Approach to AI
Infuse Analyze Organize Collect
Select the true statements about neural networks.
Interconnected artificial neurons are the main building blocks of simple neural networks. A neural network is a method in artificial intelligence that teaches computers to process data in a way that is inspired by the human brain. Neural networks are a type of machine learning process called deep learning.
Like all trusted platform modules (TPMs), the Pluton chip stores encryption keys and user login identities. What makes the Pluton unique is that it emulates a TPM for each specific API, whether the API is on the computer's hard drive or in the cloud. API stands for application programming
Interface
Disadvantages of Cloud-based AI
Internet connectivity concerns Lack of platform control Data privacy
Which of the following statements is true about Zebra-Med's AI offering?
It can automatically detect medical conditions faster than the methods currently being used.
Which of the following statements are true about Digital Twin technology?
It contains smart components that use sensors to gather data about real-time status and working conditions. The components are connected to a Cloud-based system that receives and processes all the data monitored by the sensors. It is a dynamic software representation of a piece of equipment or system that emulates the original operational behavior.
What does the "x" in xTech stand for?
It denotes various fields and disciplines, including fintech, biotech, spacetech, and agritech.
Along with being composed of blocks and using a standard protocol, what are three other attributes of a public blockchain?
It has a consensus mechanism. It is permissionless. It has no centralized controlling authority.
Which of the following statements is true regarding the use of artificial intelligence (AI) to discover new drug-like compounds?
It is being used to explore databases of existing molecules to generate information for developing new drugs.
Which of the following is an advantage of using 3D scanners in crime scene investigation?
It reduces the risk of losing valuable evidence.
Which of the following is true about the use of artificial intelligence in music composition?
It requires musicians to enter data such as song length and mood.
Which of the following statements is true about CRISPR technology?
It uses bacteria's immune systems to edit individual genes.
Which three of the following statements are true regarding Dai (DAI)?
It uses game theory and overcollateralization with Ethereum to ensure its value. It is pegged to the U.S. dollar. If the price of Ethereum drops precipitously, the value of DAI could also fall.
Which of the following statements are true about the Brain-Computer Interface?
It uses optical imaging to scan your brain one hundred times per second to detect how you are speaking silently in your head. It allows for the user to communicate with a computer using only thoughts. The goal is for the system to allow humans to type even faster than with their physical hands.
Which three of the following statements regarding USD Coin (USDC) are correct?
Its developer, Circle Ltd., routinely publishes the results of third-party audits of its collateral. Many investors believe that it is a safer stablecoin than USDT. It is the second-largest stablecoin by market capitalization.
Amazon's satellite-based broadband solution is called Project _____.
Kuiper
Self-driving trucks may soon be a common sight on interstate highways thanks to pulsed laser technology known as:
LIDAR
Which 3 of the following are potential applications of the superconductive materials discovered by scientists at the University of Rochester?
Large inexpensive batteries Near zero-loss powerlines Levitating trains
What technology do self-driving trucks typically use to gather information about their operating environment?
LiDAR (light detection and ranging)
Self-driving trucks include a drive-by-wire box that converts the computer's information that was processed by the LiDAR system into physical truck-control signals, such as brakes, throttle, and steering. LiDAR stands for _____ Detection and Ranging.
Light
Using non-volatile salts that exist as liquids at room temperature and absorb far more CO2 than traditional amine scrubbers as well as using far less energy to produce than amine-based scrubbers, ILS technology can make fossil fuel electrical generation far "greener". ILS stands for Ionic ________ Salts
Liquid
Select three true statements regarding the future of NFTs.
Many perceive NFTs as a relatively short-term fad. Investors should enter the NFT market with an abundance of caution. Many believe that if the Internet world transitions to a meta-verse environment, then NFTs will continue to grow in popularity.
Developed and designed to help teams collaborate globally in real-time, Canvus Connect collaboration software makes it possible for remote users to share, draw, manipulate, and input information on a single board. It was developed by __________.
MultiTaction
Select 3 challenges that faced traditional (large) lunar rovers that the CubeRover addresses.
Multiple small rovers allow for greater area coverage than one large rover. Less weight and smaller footprint reduce the high launch cost of traditional rovers. Smaller size means less power consumption.
Plans to put a 4G network on the moon were announced by Nokia and _____.
NASA
Select three true statements regarding NFTs.
NFTs give the owner exclusive rights to use the image. Using the Ethereum Request for Comment 721 protocol (ERC-721), a smart contract wraps the digital artwork. Most NFTs are pieces of digital art attached to the Ethereum blockchain.
Natural Language Processing
NLP
Natural Language Understanding
NLU
A _______ Robot is a machine that can build and precisely manipulate things whose components are of a nanometer scale. These machines detect diseases and can repair or manipulate damaged cells, potentially providing humans with longer lifespans.
Nano
Machines of a nanometer scale that might detect diseases and repair or manipulate damaged cells, potentially providing humans with longer lifespans are referred to as ___.
Nanobots
Which of the following statements regarding nanorobots is true?
Nanorobots can replicate and become a threat if not removed.
Which of the following terms are associated with AI chatbots?
Natural Language Understanding (NLU) Natural Language Processing (NLP) Artificial Intelligence (AI)
The WWA applies a differentiated scientific approach that utilizes which of the following when analyzing climate events?
Observational data Satellite imaging Analysis of range models
Pulling carbon from the ___ might provide an efficient means to reduce the amount of greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere.
Oceans
Select the true statements about deep learning.
One of the benefits of deep learning is that portions of the learning process are automated, eliminating some of the need for human intervention. Deep learning is a type of artificial intelligence that uses data and algorithms to create learning. Deep learning is often referred to as scalable learning.
What company is responsible for the development of ChatGPT?
OpenAI
A device that provides real-time results compared to traditional lab testing by mimicking a cell's tissue characteristics, physiochemical reactions, and vascular functions is known as a(n) ___.
Organ on a Chip
As explained in your reading, which of the following answers are considered areas of AI chatbot research?
Personalization Technology Integration Interactions in Multiple Languages
Binance's blockchain uses the ___ consensus mechanism.
PoA
To remedy the slow transaction time issue associated with PoW blockchains such as Ethereum 1.0 and Bitcoin, ___ blockchains were created, allowing for far faster transactions.
PoS
Potential Drawbacks of AI
Privacy concerns Job losses due to automation
Which of the following are potential drawbacks of AI?
Privacy concerns Job losses due to automation
Google Advanced Technology and ____ (ATAP) is an in-house technology incubator.
Projects
A qubit is a basic unit of information that is similar to the 0s and 1s (bits) that represent transistors in today's computers. Using qubits in processors and memory is called ___ computing.
Quantum
Using atoms to create binary digits (qubits) to replace transistors in processors and memory is the basis of __ computing.
Quantum
Which 3 of the following are ways Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) has been used during the pandemic?
Regional integration of health records Self-screening at home Rapid COVID-19 screening
Since they are not aware of their surroundings, and can easily injure humans, industrial ______ arms must be housed in cages or completely shut off when workers are nearby. This is where force-sensing and disturbance recognition capabilities are extremely useful.
Robotic
Select the true statements about BlueDot's pandemic detection software.
Serves as an early warning system for identifying pandemics. The software scans over 100,000 worldwide media sources in over 65 different languages to determine outbreaks in real-time. The software uses artificial intelligence to predict pandemics.
Interagency Coordination
Sharing of experiences and best practices for AI governance should be maintained between governmental agencies.
Transparency covers the consequences of interacting with AI-assisted chatbots in which ways?
Site ownership Data Collection Information privacy and security
Currently apps that run on the Cloud are __________ as compared to apps that run on local machines. Edge computing is a method of optimizing cloud computing systems by performing data processing at the edge of the network, near the source of the data and it is possible that cloud computing may take a back seat to edge computing
Slower
Select three challenges that faced traditional (large) lunar rovers that the CubeRover addresses.
Smaller size means less power consumption. Less weight and smaller footprint reduce the high launch cost of traditional rovers. Multiple small rovers allow for greater area coverage than one large rover.
With Twitter reporting over 1 billion political tweets during the 2016 U.S. presidential campaign, ____ media was a big winner during the election.
Social
Unlike Bitcoin or Ethereum, which are proof-of-work (PoW) blockchains, ___ (SOL) is a proof-of-stake (PoS) blockchain.
Solana
_______ was launched in 2014 by Skype co-founders, Ahti Heinla and Janus Friis. The company's vision is to revolutionize food and package deliveries across the globe. Starship robots can carry items within a 4-mile radius.
Starship
Bitcoin
Store of value (alternative currency)
Ethereum
Store of value (alternative currency), and also to create smart contracts
Solana
Store of value (alternative currency), and also to create smart contracts and decentralized applications (dApps)
Which of the following are steps you can take to learn about artificial intelligence (AI)?
Study computer programming languages. Learn about the math used in AI. Take free online courses and find free online resources covering AI.
Machine learning is the field of study that gives computers the ability to learn without being explicitly programmed. Which of the following three are categories of machine learning?
Supervised Unsupervised Reinforced
Bitfinex developed the largest stablecoin (by market capitalization). This stablecoin, tethered to the U.S. dollar, is called ___.
Tether (USDT)
Which three of the following statements are true regarding Tether (USDT)?
Tether has been sued for not being able to prove that its stablecoin is not adequately collateralized. Tether is pegged to the U.S. dollar. The largest stablecoin by market capitalization is Tether (USDT).
Scientific Integrity and Information Quality
The establishment and maintenance of high standards as they relate to AI information quality and decision making can assist in gaining public trust and confidence in AI.
Misrepresentation
The large volumes of data that AI chatbots are trained on pose the risk of inaccurate or misleading response generation.
Select the true statements about generative adversarial networks (GANs).
The neural networks in a GAN include a generative network. GANs are designed to compete against each other (this is why they are termed adversarial) to create artificial instances of data that are interpreted as real data. The neural networks in a GAN include a discriminative network.
Which 2 of the following are key features of Violet the virus-killing robot?
The robot prototype uses Intel® Movidius™ Myriad™ X Vision Processing Unit (VPU). The robot uses ultraviolet light to sanitize (destroy bacteria and viruses) rooms and equipment quickly, helping humans avoid possible exposure when sanitizing.
Which of the following is true about the stretchable skin sensor developed by researchers at Cornell University?
The sensor is made up of low-cost LEDs and dyes
Disclosure and Transparency
There must be a method to detect when AI is in use as well as a way to address possible impacts of AI on end-users.
The three major advantages of using the light-absorbing characteristics of black phosphorus to build computer chips are:
These chips would be much smaller than traditional computer chips. These chips would be more energy efficient. This technology is much faster than existing technologies.
What is the benefit of using industry cloud platforms?
They can increase revenue and accelerate digital growth for organizations that need to manage and process large volumes of data or require specialized software solutions for their industry.
Which of the following is a limitation of AI detection tools used to detect plagiarism resulting from using AI chatbots?
They cannot detect subtle changes made to AI-generated text by the user
Select the true statements about grocery delivery robots developed by Starship.
They use rechargeable batteries to create zero-emission deliveries. They move no faster than pedestrian pace.
Hidden Layer
This layer processes data sent by the input layer or from other associated layers.
What is the goal of Facebook's Building 8 project on brain to computer interface (BCI)?
To allow users to control technology using their thoughts.
What are 3 purposes for using organ on a chip technology in drug, food, and cosmetic testing?
To eliminate the need for testing on animals or humans To reduce the cost and time required for testing To mimic the physiochemical reactions and vascular functions of cells
What is the purpose of vehicle-to-everything (V2X) connectivity?
To improve a driver's awareness by networking each car's sensors with other vehicles and sensors
What is the main purpose of AI chatbots?
To interpret user inputs and provide automated responses
A stretchable light guide for multimodal sensing (also known as SLIMS) is being developed to give robots a sense of ___.
Touch
3D scanners and crime scene imaging reduce the risk of losing valuable evidence and give law enforcement a 3D assessment of a crime scene.
True
Google is building a 1,000 language translation AI system. Google calls this the ____ Speech Model (USM),
Universal
Google's USM Is currently being used to generate closed captioning in 73 different languages on YouTube. USM stands for ___.
Universal Speech Model
Which of the following are true statements about Chat GPT?
Unsupervised learning uses machine learning algorithms to identify patterns in text data without the input or interference of humans. Chat GPT was developed by OpenAI ChatGPT is an extensive language model that is trained on vast amounts of text data.
Created by Richard Branson, the _____ Hyperloop, recently completed the world's first hyperloop ride with passengers on board.
Virgin
The _____ Hyperloop, created by Richard Branson, recently completed the world's first hyperloop ride with passengers on board.
Virgin
Researchers discovered that patients felt little or no difference in pain intensity as those who received the traditional pain management methods when they were placed in a peaceful __ environment.
Virtual reality
A differentiated scientific approach that utilizes observational data, analysis of range models, peer-reviewed research, and in-person reports to assess and possibly predict climate events has been developed by World ____ Attribution.
Weather
Public Participation
When financially feasible and including adherence to legal requirements, organizations should allow the public to be part of the AI rule-making processes and procedures.
When is asymmetric warfare used in the context of cyberwarfare?
When traditional military strengths between fighting forces differ significantly.
Select three platforms that will use the Pluton chip.
Xbox One Windows-based computers that use processors developed by Intel and AMD Many IoT devices such as smart refrigerators and thermostats
Software that uses artificial intelligence to analyze millions of clinical and imaging records to create high-performance algorithms that automatically detect conditions is being developed by _____.
Zebra-Med
A cryptocurrency's supply is controlled by a protocol called Blank______ that distributes control among the users and participants.
a consensus mechanism
Writing down your private key and storing it in a secure site is referred to as using:
a paper wallet
After mining the genesis block and an estimated 1 million Bitcoin, _____ apparently disappeared from Bitcoin in July 2010.
a person or persons who called themselves Satoshi Nakamoto
If all parties wanted to update a smart contract, they would have to build an additional contract, called ___.
a proxy contract
Similar to a vending machine, ___ requires no salesperson and the exchange is anonymous.
a small contract
Because the technology allows a robot arm to act more like a human's with regard to spatial recognition and safety awareness, while maintaining all of the advantages of a traditional industrial robot, ___ can make robots much more flexible and safer.
adaptive robotics
Armed with modern data analytics tools such as BDA and BI, executives are gleaning insights on the fly, sometimes even in real time. BDA stands for big data ____
analytics
Blockchains with fast transaction times make DApp development more efficient. DApp stands for decentralized ___.
applications
Programs like Amper rely on musicians to enter data such as song length, mood, and instruments while ___ does the rest.
artificial intelligence
PoA consensus mechanisms are often used by private blockchains, such as those used by corporations. PoA stands for proof-of-
authority
In which of the following areas of government is AI used?
automation of routine tasks military policing
Choose three reasons why Bitcoin has value.
because some investors believe the price of Bitcoin (BTC) will increase in the future because it can be used as legal tender in some countries such as El Salvador because it can be used to purchase certain items such as Teslas
The variance that exists in the output provided by AI algorithms is referred to as AI:
bias
Which of the following are ethical considerations of AI?
bias and discrimination surveillance privacy
Some cryptocurrencies have value just because they store value and have a limited number of blocks. The largest cryptocurrency by market cap is _______ . It is limited to 21 million blocks (coins).
bitcoin
A technology that attempts to ensure that once a piece of software is constructed it cannot be changed is known as ______ technology. Bitcoin is an example of a cryptocurrency that is built on this technology.
blockchain
Cryptocurrency coins work with their native
blockchain
Which of the following is a technology that attempts to ensure that, once the software is constructed, it cannot be altered?
blockchain
Coinbase is the world's most popular cryptocurrency _____ (exchange) firm.
brokerage
An emerging consensus mechanism that requires miners to permanently destroy a certain number of tokens in order to create a new block is called proof-of- _____ (PoB).
burn
To alleviate traffic congestion through a combination of ___ (C2X) technology and smart traffic lights, many planners hope to develop intelligent intersections.
car-to-everything
One potential use of blockchains may be to help with supply _____ tracking to ensure items such as blueberries and romaine lettuce is fresh and clean when shipped and illicit items such as "blood diamonds" are kept off the market.
chain
One potential use of blockchains may be to help with supply ________ tracking to ensure items such as blueberries and romaine lettuce is fresh and clean when shipped and illicit items such as "blood diamonds" are kept off the market.
chain
The biggest risk for cryptocurrency investors remains the extreme _____ of the cryptocurrency market.
changes
Hepregen, a company originating at MIT, received a large donation to develop a device that mimics a liver. This technology is called an organ on a ___.
chip
The science of separating a compound into its constituent parts is referred to as ________. Advances in this technology might one day allow you to enjoy a 60-year-old Scotch for the price of a glass of inexpensive whiskey.
chromatography
Working with others by using Internet-accessible services such as Software As a Service (SAAS) and shared data storage sites is called ______ collaboration.
cloud
The use of computer models that are designed to simulate human thought processes is referred to as ______ computing and is often used in complex environments where solutions may be ambiguous or difficult to uncover.
cognitive
So that investors have confidence in a stablecoin, developers must ___ the stablecoin.
collateralize
Select three common means of tethering stablecoins.
collateralize with non-currency assets collateralize with cryptocurrency collateralize with a corresponding currency
AI is the study and application of processes that combine ______ and data science to enable computer-assisted or automated problem-solving.
computer
How cryptocurrency is created depends upon the ______ mechanism of the blockchain on which the cryptocurrency is based.
consensus
To ensure that any block that is added to the chain is legitimate, without having to place trust in an outside entity, such as a bank or governing body, blockchains use a _____ mechanism.
consensus
Cryptocurrency creation is determined by the ______ used by the blockchain developers.
consensus mechanism
Bitcoin, Etherium, and LiteCoin all use blockchain algorithms to control quantity and verify the validity of transactions. They are referred to as
cryptocurrency
Digital money that is based on a blockchain is called
cryptocurrency
Performing services similar to those of a stock exchange, a traditional ________ exchange allows owners to trade Bitcoin for Ethereum (for example).
cryptocurrency
Charging a fee, similar to a premium, for every transaction, ______ offer an easy way for cryptocurrency novices to gain trading experience.
cryptocurrency brokerage firms
Because so much information regarding voters' political attitudes is available online, campaign managers increasingly rely on:
data mining
Which of the following are popular college majors/emphasis areas for college students interested in preparing for a career in AI?
data science statistics computer science
Alien Worlds, where players can mine or purchase coins called Trilium (TLM) to compete in the Alien World metaverse, is an example of a DApp. DApp stands for ___ application.
decentralized
An example of a gaming DApp is Alien Worlds, where players can mine or purchase coins called Trilium (TLM) to compete in the Alien World metaverse. DApp stands for ____ applications.
decentralized
Often equated to a co-op, a ______ autonomous organization (DAO) provides a means for individuals to unite in support of a shared cause.
decentralized
One potential positive impact of DeFi is that because of the anonymous nature of the Internet, DeFi makes discrimination impossible. DeFi stands for ____ finance.
decentralized
Significantly, over 1 billion of these people have mobile devices. This means that a robust DeFi system has the potential to reach and assist a huge underserved market. DeFi stands for __ finance.
decentralized
A type of artificial intelligence that uses data and algorithms to create learning is called ______ learning.
deep
Two subfields if AI include which of the following?
deep learning machine learning
With the rise of ChatGPT and others, educators and business professionals are faced with ensuring that submitted work is unique, authentic, and not generated by AI. To counter the risk of plagiarism, several AI _____ tools have been created.
detection
DIS aims to create networks that respond to threats in real time using cutting-edge algorithms and machine learning to address and adapt to threats as they develop. DIS stands for ___
digital immune system.
To increase the effectiveness of its military drones, Iran has convoys of innocent-looking tractor-trailers can launch dozens of drones to overwhelm anti-aircraft defensives. These are called __.
drone swarms
Three dimensional (3D) scanners and crime scene imaging reduce the risk of losing valuable ______ and give law enforcement a 3D assessment of a crime scene.
evidence
One of the newest types of supercomputers are similar to traditional supercomputers but have more powerful hardware, which makes them much faster at processing data. This type of supercomputer is the _____ computer.
exascale
Similar in function to a site where you would switch dollars for euros, a cryptocurrency _______ (CEX) allows users to buy and sell different cryptocurrencies.
exchange
As more and more individuals become increasingly knowledgeable about cryptocurrency trading, P2P cryptocurrency _______ have grown in popularity.
exchanges
Fusing immersive technologies such as virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR), _____ reality (XR) creates a simulated environment that improves human-machinery interaction in such fields as construction and logistics.
extended
Have you ever misplaced your purse or wallet? This may be a thing of the past since some companies are developing personal identification purchasing capability using ______ software.
facial recognition
Who has not suffered the embarrassment of a misplaced debit card? Some companies allow consumers in China to make purchases without cards or cash. The system uses:
facial recognition
Scientists at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in California made a crucial first step in reproducing the power of the sun in a laboratory. This reaction is called nuclear ______.
fusion
The price of conducting transactions on blockchains is known as the ___.
gas fee
Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeatsis (CRISPR) uses bacteria's immune systems to allow scientists to edit individual
gene
Companies such as OpenAI and DeepMind hope to build Artificial _______ Intelligence (AGI) machines that can accomplish any task the human brain can complete. This requires the ability of the machine to mimic human reasoning and to understand the physical world.
general
The XE-HP GPU, designed to support the Aurora supercomputer, was built in a collaboration between Intel, Hewlett Packard, and the Chicago's Argonne National Laboratory. GPU stands for _________ processing unit.
graphic
Select three categories of risks associated with cryptocurrency trading.
hacking scams and fraud volatility
A device similar to a USB drive that gives you access to your cryptocurrency is referred to as a _____ cryptocurrency wallet.
hardware
The unique identifying code contained in each block in a blockchain is called its ___.
hash
At MIT, engineers have designed a photonic crystal that works in conjunction with solar cells to double their efficiency. These crystals convert _____ into energy
heat
Photonic crystals, under development at MIT, allow solar panels to be twice as efficient by absorbing and converting the sun's ___.
heat
Because it was built on a proof-of-work blockchain, Ethereum (Ethereum 1.0) has _____ gas fees than a proof-of-stake cryptocurrency such as Solana.
higher
Machine learning systems improve their accuracy gradually through a continual process of learning and rely on ______ interaction and input to assist in creating learning.
human
The software that allows an owner to access a cryptocurrency account is called a private _______ . This typically grants the owner access to their wallet.
key
The algorithms used in Investigating Technology were developed to assist medical students and doctors to prepare for board exams. This technology is called adaptive
learning
Tesla's autonomous driving system has raised some concerns from industry experts. They fear the technology used in Tesla's vehicles lacks the use of _____, a critical component in most autonomous vehicles.
lidar
Using ultra-thin layers of black phosphorus, the processor-on-a-chip developed by researchers at the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) creates electrical impulses based on the wavelength of incoming __.
light
Using ultra-thin layers of black phosphorus, the processor-on-a-chip developed by researchers at the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) creates electrical impulses based on the wavelength of incoming ______
light
Hedan Bai, one of the lead researchers on the project to give VR a human touch, stated "The solution is to make a stretchable _____ for multimodal sensing (SLIMS). This long tube contains a pair of polyurethane elastomeric cores. One core is transparent; the other is filled with absorbing dyes at multiple locations and connects to an LED. Each core is coupled with a red-green-blue sensor chip to register geometric changes in the optical path of light."
lightguide
Hyperloop systems use _________ levitation to achieve nearly silent high-speed transportation. Virgin hopes to eventually develop a hyperloop system that will carry both passengers and cargo at speeds of more than 600 mph.
magnetic
Virgin's Hyperloop systems use _______ levitation to achieve nearly silent high-speed transportation. Founder Richard Branson hopes to eventually develop a hyperloop system that will carry both passengers and cargo at speeds of more than 600 mph.
magnetic
An electronic element that stores data by changing its resistance based on the current that has passed through it (similar to RRAM) is called a(n) .
memristor
An electronic element that stores data by changing its resistance based on the current that has passed through it (similar to RRAM) is called a(n) ___.
memristor
An electronic element that stores data by changing its resistance based on the current that has passed through it (similar to RRAM) is called a(n):
memristor
Artificial intelligence (AI) language _____ are computer software programs that use artificial intelligence to process and generate human languages.
models
NASA speculates that 4G will likely work better on the ______ than it does on Earth due to little interference from trees, buildings, and other signals.
moon
Cognitive systems use a decision-making approach similar to that used by humans to analyze large data sets to make decisions. These systems use ______ language processing to read and process text like a human. They break down statements and sentences by analyzing them for grammar, structure, and relationships within the words.
natural
Luke Skywalker lost an arm in Episode V of Star Wars. In the movie it was replaced with an artificial limb that was connected to his body's nervous system. This technology is coming closer to reality in the field of ___.
neuroprosthetics
Using replacement body parts that interact with a person's nervous system is a technology called ___.
neuroprosthetics
The Green Bank Telescope, which has a 100-meter diameter dish with a powerful transmitting antenna to connect to the Very Long Baseline Array of radio telescopes spread across the U.S. and the Virgin Islands, is called _______ generation radar (ngRadar).
next
Using Very Long Baseline Array of radio telescopes spread across the U.S. and the Virgin Islands, ___ is being tested to identify and track asteroids that could impact Earth.
ngRADAR
A token that is unique and cannot be duplicated is referred to as ____a -fungible token.
non
Baseball card buyers believe the cards have some sort of value, either as an investment or for personal enjoyment. NFTs have value for similar reasons. NFTs stands for ___.
non-fungible tokens
Scientists at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in California made a crucial first step in reproducing the power of the sun in a laboratory. This reaction is called ___.
nuclear fusion
Pulling carbon from the ______ might provide an efficient means to reduce the amount of greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere.
oceans
Blockchain construction builds on the concept of ____ switching.
packet
Select three commonly used types of cryptocurrency wallets.
paper wallets hardware wallets online wallets
Also called direct trading platforms or over-the-counter (OTC), ___ involve low or no transaction fees.
peer-to-peer (P2P) cryptocurrency exchanges
Servers that host the database are known as public ledgers because they are accessible to everyone and do not require that users place their trust in any individual. This means they are ___.
permissionless
Most cryptocurrency hardware wallets incorporate a small keypad that requires the user to add a ______ before accessing their private key (and their cryptocurrency).
personal identification number (PIN)
In which of the following healthcare areas is AI used?
pharmaceuticals robotic surgery health tracking
When scammers describe their big gains and provide a fraudulent link with an easy mechanism to purchase the cryptocurrency and then defraud investors, it is called a ___ .
pig butchering scam
Machine learning that utilizes the power of information technology, geospatial technologies, and evidence-based intervention models to reduce crime and improve public safety is called ____ policing.
predictive
Machine learning that utilizes the power of information technology, geospatial technologies, and evidence-based intervention models to reduce crime and improve public safety is called __.
predictive policing
A mathematical framework that can be used to analyze how much an algorithm recalls data and information about individuals is called differential
privacy
The U.S. Census Bureau is using differential _____ to make census data secure and private.
privacy
Which of the following services are provided by Cloud computing networks?
processing software applications storage
Most private corporate blockchains, such as Microsoft Blockchain, use the ______ consensus mechanism.
proof-of-authority (PoA)
Select three consensus mechanisms that some newer blockchains are using.
proof-of-history (PoH) proof-of-burn (PoB) proof-of-contribution (PoC)
An advantage of the Blank______ consensus mechanism is that it forces all participants to act in their own self-interest, allowing for faster transaction times, and not requiring large amounts of computing power.
proof-of-stake (PoS)
Transaction fees (gas fees) per transaction on PoS blockchains are miniscule compared to those conducted on ___ blockchains.
proof-of-work
A consensus mechanism that demands large amounts of computing power, with the associated energy demands, is the __ consensus mechanism.
proof-of-work (PoW)
A consensus mechanism that involves an algorithm that creates an unpredictable math problem that can only be solved with significant computing power is called a ___ consensus mechanism.
proof-of-work (PoW)
Like Bitcoin and Litecoin, the Dogecoin blockchain is a ______ blockchain.
proof-of-work (PoW)
Select three blockchain consensus mechanisms.
proof-of-work (PoW) proof-of-stake (PoS) proof-of-authority (PoA)
For purposes of security, wallets are typically accessed through a combination of:
public and private keys
A qubit is a basic unit of information that is similar to the 0s and 1s (bits) that represent transistors in today's computers. Using qubits in processors and memory is called ___ computing.
quantum
Using atoms to create binary digits (bits) to replace transistors in processors and memory is the basis of ________ computing.
quantum
Which of the following are machine learning methods?
reinforcement learning supervised learning unsupervised learning
Scams and fraud, hacking, and simply losing your private key, along with volatility, are _____ associated with buying cryptocurrency.
risks
Because they are not aware of their surroundings and can easily injure humans, industrial ________ arms must be housed in cages or completely shut off when workers are nearby. This is where force-sensing and disturbance recognition capabilities are extremely useful.
robot
One scam, which occurred with a cryptocurrency called Squid, is where developers create a new cryptocurrency, use social media to create hype about the coin, and then delete the blockchain itself, leaving investors with absolutely nothing. This is known as:
rug pull
Pulsed laser technology called LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) to detect and monitor the environment is an integral part of ___.
self-driving trucks
Currently apps that run on the Cloud are __________ as compared to apps that run on local machines. Edge computing is a method of optimizing cloud computing systems by performing data processing at the edge of the network, near the source of the data and it is possible that cloud computing may take a back seat to edge computing.
slow
An agreement where the terms are written on a blockchain is referred to as a _____ contract.
smart
The basis of decentralized finance (DeFi) is the ____ contract.
smart
Advances in programming have made hacking cryptocurrency extremely difficult. Because of this, hackers tend to use _____ engineering hacks to lure victims into divulging their private keys.
social
Most successful hacks that occur today are conducted through:
social engineering
Until recent elections, candidates were largely dependent on news agencies to deliver their messages to the electorate. Thanks to ___ candidates can now instantly and frequently transmit messages directly to voters.
social media
Circle LTD, the developer of USDC, routinely publishes the results of third-party audits of its collateralization. Many believe that this makes USDC the safest ___ for investors.
stablecoin
One of the largest cryptocurrency collapses occurred in May 2022 when the value of Luna, the native cryptocurrency of TerraUSD (UST), dropped to nearly zero. Luna is a _____ , meaning that its value is theoretically pegged to value of another asset.
stablecoin
In an attempt to reduce cryptocurrency volatility, developers created ______, which are pegged or "tethered" to a less volatile asset such as gold or U.S. dollars.
stablecoins
Pegged or "tethered" to a less volatile asset such as gold or U.S. dollars, ______ provide a more conservative investment than other cryptocurrencies.
stablecoins
Because owners of large amounts of collateral in the blockchain are more likely to be selected as validators, the dynamic of the rich getting richer is a criticism of the proof-of- ____ (PoS) consensus mechanism.
stake
Unlike Bitcoin or Ethereum, which are proof-of-work (PoW) blockchains, Cardano is a proof-of- ____ (PoS) blockchain.
stake
Unlike Bitcoin or Ethereum, which are proof-of-work (PoW) blockchains, Solana (SOL) is a proof-of- ____ (PoS) blockchain.
stake
Unlike proof-of-work (PoW) consensus mechanism protocols, proof-of- _____ (PoS) protocols allow individuals to "forge" new blocks by placing a certain amount of their existing blocks up as collateral.
stake
Bitcoin and Litecoin, because they are established proof-of-work (PoW) coins, are considered __.
store-of-value coins
Scientists are developing __ refineries that produce useful compounds from waste gas that can serve as raw materials for various products such as medicines, detergents, fertilizers, and textiles
sun-powered
Scientists at the University of Rochester discovered a way to create ___ materials that operate at near room-temperatures.
superconductive
To greatly increase the effectiveness of inexpensive military drones, Iran has developed convoys of innocent-looking tractor-trailers can launch dozens or more drones to overwhelm traditional anti-aircraft defensive measures this is known as using drone _____
swarming
Dai (DAI) is a stablecoin created by MakerDAO and built on the Ethereum blockchain. A stablecoin is pegged or _____ to a less volatile asset such as gold or U.S. dollars.
tethered
NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) and Nokia have announced plans to put a 4G network on ___.
the moon
Select the three items that will be included in every block in a blockchain.
the unique information identifying the block that precedes it a timestamp a hash
Choose three methods by which investors buy, sell, and store cryptocurrencies.
through a cryptocurrency exchange through the use of wallets through the use of a peer-to-peer exchange
To purchase Ethereum with Bitcoin, you would use a wrapped Bitcoin (wBTC) to create what is referred to as a wrapped ___.
token
NFTs are assets attached to a blockchain. NFTs stands for non-fungible
tokens
Non-fungible _____ (NFTs) have value simply because a buyer believes they have value.
tokens
Researchers from Cornell University have designed a technology to be wearable using a 3D-printed glove with stretchable light guide for multimodal sensing (SLIMS) sensors running along with each finger. Their hope is to give robots a human
touch
The three main types of cryptocurrency exchanges include
traditional brokerage peer-to-peer (P2P)
Binance, headquartered in the Cayman Islands, and Mandala Exchange in Malta, are by far the largest __.
traditional cryptocurrency exchanges
Learning models that are _____ use neural networks that can process input text and accurately produce output sequences.
transformer-based
Typically, online wallets require the use of a strong password and______ to log into the wallet where your cryptocurrency private keys are stored.
two-factor authentication
Which of the following are popular AI career fields?
user experience AI engineer
The first major cryptocurrency, Bitcoin, was developed to be an alternative currency that could not be manipulated by any government entity. This is why it is called a store-of- ______ cryptocurrency
value
Connected passenger vehicle technologies offer a similar vision of using _____ -to-everything (V2X) connectivity to enable each car's sensors to be networked with every other vehicle and other associated sensors in an effort to improve a driver's awareness.
vehicle
Because cryptocurrency is very liquid, and it has no intrinsic value other than the faith that holders place in the currency, its price tends to be very ___.
volatile
A cellphone app that provides access to a user's cryptocurrency private key is often called a hot or online
wallet
Simply writing down or printing out your private key and storing it in a secure site is a simple way to ensure that access to your cryptocurrency cannot be hacked. This is called using a paper
wallet
To buy, sell, or use cryptocurrency, you must have access to a secure computer code. These codes (private keys) are stored in cryptocurrency __.
wallets
To address the challenges posed by the moon's regolith, WiBotic opted to use _____ charging technology to charge CubeRover's battery pack.
wireless
To address the challenges posed by the moon's regolith, WiBotic opted to use _______ charging technology to charge CubeRover's battery pack.
wireless
A major disadvantage of using a proof-of- _____ (PoW) protocol is that miners must use vast amounts of computing power, requiring correspondingly large amounts of electricity, to mine additional blocks for the chain.
work
The most commonly used consensus mechanism, with the drawback that it requires large amounts of computing power (and electricity) as the blockchain grows, is called the proof-of- ______ consensus mechanism.
work
If you wish to purchase Ethereum (ETH) with your Bitcoin (BTC), you would use wBTC, which stands for a _____ Bitcoin token.
wrapped
The term that is used to describe a variety of emerging technologies that are likely to have a substantial impact on future innovation is _____
xTech
