INQUIZITIVE; Chapter 03
Which items in this advertisement from a colonial Philadelphia merchant would have been subjected to the enumerated goods clause in the Navigation Acts?
"West-india and philadelphia rum "sugars" "tea" "Weston's snuff"
By the mid-eighteenth century, the different regions of the British colonies had developed distinct economic and social orders. Identify the economic and social orders of each of the regions.
New England: -small family farms that produced food for local consumption the backcountry Virginia and South Carolina: - slave plantations that produced tobacco Middle Colonies: - farmers that produced grain for their own use and sale abroad
Identify the colony that first belonged to the Dutch but later came under English control under King Charles II's brother, the duke of York.
New Netherland
Identify the colony that was founded as a place of spiritual freedom and of peace between Indians and settlers.
Pennsylvania
Identify the statements that describe the colonial elite.
The colonial elite often sought to emulate the lifestyle and customs of the British elite, by wearing English fashion and encouraging their sons to go to school in England. The colonial elite enjoyed time in Charleston or Philadelphia, both urban centers at the time that provide theaters and social events.
The Indian uprising led by Metacom, or King Philip's War, was the "bloodiest and most bitter conflict" to erupt in southern New England in the late seventeenth century. Identify the statements that describe this conflict and the dynamics between the settlers and Indians.
The result of the conflict strengthened the settlers' view that Indians were savages. Metacom was captured and executed, while other Indians were captured and sold into slavery in the West Indies. Indian tribes formed an alliance, allowing them to attack several English colonies at one time.
Slavery in the United States started in the Chesapeake Bay region, but it eventually spread throughout the colonies in order to support the cash crop production as fewer indentured servants came over from Europe
True
Slavery in the United States started in the Chesapeake Bay region, but it eventually spread throughout the colonies in order to support the cash crop production as fewer indentured servants came over from Europe.
True
The Salem witch trials revealed serious issues with Massachusetts's system of justice and, as a result, the court of Salem was dissolved by the governor and all prisoners were released.
True
Fill in the blanks to complete the passage describing trade in the Atlantic world. People, ideas, and goods flowed back and forth across the Atlantic. Goods from North America and the West Indies became a major market for British manufactured goods. Tobacco grown in Chesapeake was marketed in Britain, and then sold to Europe by British merchants. And rum produced in the West Indies was a popular good in North American colonies.
West Indies, Chesapeake, North American colonies
Review the section of the text titled "Quaker Liberty," and then analyze the following images. What do the images reveal about Quaker liberty in Pennsylvania?
Women and men were viewed and treated as equals. Immigrants from around the world were welcome.
What was Bacon's Rebellion (1676) largely fought over?
land
A goal of religiously minded English Protestants was to convert natives to their faith. Identify the name given to those native Christian converts.
praying Indians
British North America in the mid-eighteenth century was quite economically diverse. Match each region below to its dominant form(s) of social and economic organization.
the Hudson Valley: - vast, feudal-sized estates the northern and western frontiers: - fur-trading outposts New England: - small farms and towns
In 1689, news of the overthrow of James II triggered rebellions in several North American colonies. Match the particulars of each rebellion with the colony in which it took place. Militias seize local officials, including Edmund Andros. Rebels establish a new, Protestant-dominated government. Dutch majority rebelled against English rule.
01. Massachusetts 02. Maryland 03. New York
William Penn's "holy experiment" allowed the Quakers to thrive in colonial Pennsylvania. Identify the statements that describe how Penn put his ideas into practice in Pennsylvania.
Moral laws governing personal behavior were present. Native Americans were treated peacefully. Immigrants from all over Europe, not matter the faith they belonged to, were welcome.
What does it reveal about the origins and status of migrants to British North American colonies from 1700-1775?
A plurality of migrants were slaves. Among English/Welsh migrants, the largest portion were convicts.
William Penn's "holy experiment" allowed the Quakers to thrive in colonial Pennsylvania. Identify the statements that describe how Penn put his ideas into practice in Pennsylvania.
Moral laws governing personal behavior were present. Native Americans were treated peacefully. Immigrants from all over Europe, no matter the faith they belonged to, were welcome.
Identify the statement that explains why Virginia and Maryland shifted toward a reliance on slave labor.
The freedoms Pennsylvania offered European settlers led to a decrease in indentured servants sailing for Virginia and Maryland, causing those settlements to seek alternative labor sources.
Identify the statements that describe the Lords of Trade.
established in England to oversee colonial affairs
Mercantilism encouraged the use of commerce to enrich countries. Identify the statement that describes how the Navigation laws supported mercantilism between England and its colonies.
English colonies of the New World had to export their raw materials only on English ships and sell them at English ports.
The Walking Purchase of 1737 was the culmination of well-intentioned bargaining between colonists and natives.
False
When war broke out between natives and colonists, Indians who had already converted to Christianity found themselves in the middle of the conflict. Identify the statement that describes the outcome of this conflict for Indians who converted to Christianity.
The "praying Indians" lost their land and goods necessary for survival, and they were also subjected to fatal diseases.
Identify the statements as describing the Lords of Trade or the Dominion of New England.
Dominion of New England: - super-colony made up of New England colonies by James II in order to extract more money from America - ruled by the former New York governor Lords of Trade: - established in England to oversee colonial affairs
What does it reveal about ethnic diversity on the Atlantic coast of North America in 1760?
Dutch settlements were primarily along the Hudson River in present-day New York. The majority of Scotch-Irish lived inland, not directly on the Atlantic coast. North Carolina was a very diverse colony, with settlers from Germany, the Scottish Highlands, and England, as well as slaves from Africa.
What does it reveal about settlements in North America in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries?
English settlements extended along the Atlantic seaboard, from present-day Maine to Georgia. Spanish settlements were grouped in present-day Florida and Georgia. These were the most southern settlements in North America. French settlements were grouped along the St. Lawrence River and the Great Lakes between present-day Canada and America.
Eighteenth-century North America's religious diversity increased as its population grew. Colonial governments took different approaches to managing this diversity. Match the correct approach to the appropriate colonies.
church and state in most other colonies: - levied taxes to pay ministers' salaries - barred Catholics and Jews from voting and holding public office church and state in New Jersey, Rhode Island, and Pennsylvania: - enshrined religious tolerance into law
Initially, Carolina settlers tried raising cattle and trading with the natives, but what cash crop was ultimately responsible for Carolina's success?
rice
There were many rebellions that occurred in the late seventeenth century in both England and the colonies. Most triumphant were the Maryland rebels. Identify the statement that describes what caused the end of religious toleration in Maryland.
Maryland's Protestant Association overthrew the colony's Catholic proprietor, Lord Baltimore.
What would a table reveal about the origins and status of migrants to British North American colonies from 1700-1775?
The largest portion of English/Wales migrants were convicts. The plurality of migrants were slaves.
Identify the statements that describe the Dominion of New England.
super-colony made up of New England colonies by James II in order to extract more money from America. ruled by the former New York governor, who did not have to answer to an elect assembly, reinforcing impressions that James II was an enemy of freedom.
The Salem witch trials revealed serious issues with Massachusetts's system of justice and, as a result, the court of Salem was dissolved by the governor and all prisoners were released.
true
When the English took over New York from the Dutch, they continued to allow religious toleration but minimized the rights the Dutch had given to which of the following groups of people?
women blacks
Review the video "Salem Witch Trials." In this video, author Eric Foner lists several causes for the periodic witchcraft panics that struck New England in the seventeenth century. Identify the causes of the panics.
cause of witchcraft panics: - negative attitudes toward women who were independent of the social constraints of the time - lack of scientific explanations for adverse natural events - atmosphere of general chaos caused by territorial wars with Native Americans
Identify the statements that describe poverty in the colonies in the eighteenth century.
describes poverty in the colonies: - Poor colonists were viewed as lazy and responsible for their own poverty. - Half the wealth in the colonies was held by the richest 10%. - Poverty was not as widespread in the colonies as it was in England. does not describe poverty in the colonies: - Public assistance without any work obligations was available to all colonists.
Many migrants settled into the British colonies. Identify the statements that describe the redemptioners.
describes the redemptioners: indentured families that received passage to the New World in exchange for an agreement to work off their debts. formed tightly knit farming communities in rural New York, western Pennsylvania, and the southern backcountry. Does not describe the redemptioners: wealthy Scottish and Scotch-Irish immigrants unmarried English emigrants in search of religious tolerance
"Enumerated" goods were the most valuable colonial products in the mercantilist system between England and its colonies. Identify the items that were considered "enumerated" goods.
not "enumerated" goods: - manufactured clothing - wooden furniture "enumerated" goods: - sugar - tobacco
In the reading, Franklin is troubled by the "proportionably very small" number of "purely white people" in the world. Franklin's system of racial typology is, to say the least, peculiar. Which complexions does he assign to the peoples of which countries and continents?
not "purely white": -Spain, Italy, France, Russia, Sweden - Asia, parts of Africa, pre-Columbian America - Africa "purely white": - England and Saxony (Northern Germany and Denmark)
Read and analyze the "Who Is an American?" document from the chapter, titled "Observations Concerning the Increase of Mankind," derived from a 1751 piece by Benjamin Franklin.In the excerpt below, Franklin expresses his concern about the influx of newcomers to North America in the eighteenth century. Click on the excerpts below where Franklin gives his specific objections to the increase of Germans coming to Pennsylvania.
"and by herding together establish their language and manners to the exclusion of ours?" "who will shortly be so numerous as to Germanize us instead of our Anglifying them, and will never adopt our language or customs, any more than they can acquire our complexion?" "why should we ... darken its people?"
The legal status of Africans—slave or free—deteriorated over the course of the seventeenth century. Place the following events in the order in which they occurred.
01. Virginia law banned blacks from serving in militias. 02. Maryland law stipulated that children born to a slave mother and free father will be slaves. 03. Virginia law stipulated that converting to Christianity did not release a slave from bondage.
While slavery had existed for generations in many other parts of the world, American slavery was unique for many reasons. Identify what made American slavery different from slavery in other countries.
A large number of slaves were under a single owner, rather than being dispersed within and among the population. Slavery in America was based on the plantation, and agricultural enterprise. Labor on slave plantations was much more demanding than household slavery at any other time an din any other place.
Identify the statements that describe women and the household economy in the colonies.
All members of the family, including women, were required to contribute in order to support the family. Women contributed by managing the cooking, cleaning, and assisting with farming chores, among other responsibilities.
Identify the statements that describe the Glorious Revolution in England and its impact on the colonies.
As a result of the Glorious Revolution, fault lines in colonial society were exposed, providing an opportunity for local elites to regain authority. The Glorious Revolution was the culmination of the long struggle between Parliament and the crown for the English government, which established parliamentary supremacy. As a result of the Glorious Revolution, Protestant domination was secured in most of the colonies.
The Indian uprising led by Metacom, or King Philip's War, was the "bloodiest and most bitter conflict" to erupt in southern New England in the late seventeenth century. Identify the statements that describe this conflict and the dynamics between the settlers and Indians.
As a result of the conflict, settlers were able to confirm their view that Indians were savages. Indian tribes formed an alliance, allowing them to attack several English colonies at one time. Metacom was captured and executed, while those Indians who were captured were sold into slavery in the West Indies.
In the late eighteenth century, there was a stark difference between a "society with slaves" and a "slave society." Identify the statements that describe life for blacks in Virginia's "slave society."
Blacks were tried in separate courts from whites. Blacks had to be able to demonstrate they were free or show passes from their owners if found off the plantation. Blacks were not allowed to own arms.
Identify the statements that describe the consumer revolution in the eighteenth century.
British merchants supplied American traders with loans, allowing them to import goods and sell them on the frontier. Items that used to be considered luxuries, available only to the wealthy, became accessible to modest farmers. Shops in port cites flourished.
Identify the statements that describe staple crops and why they were so important to settlers.
Crops such as tobacco and rice that were produced for the world market created great wealth for the farmers Because of the lack of credit and money, colonists had to rely on creating their own wealth, and farming staple crops was a reliable source of revenue.
William Penn was a devout member of the Society of Friends, or Quakers. Identify the statements that describe this religious group.
Describes the Quakers: - faced persecution in England. - believed in the equality of all persons (including women, blacks, and Indians) before God. - the first group of whites to speak out against slavery. does not describe the Quakers: - came to America with a strong militia to their settlements
Writing in the late-sixteenth century, Richard Hakluyt exhorted English colonists to "conquer the barbarian, to recall the savage and the pagan to civility, to draw the ignorant within the orbit of reason, and to fill with reverence for divinity the godless and the ungodly. "The perception on the ground, however, was that some among the new and old populations in British North America were considered more assimilable than others. Place the groups listed below in order of perceived assimilability.
French Huguenots, Jews, Africans
What would a map reveal about settlements in North America in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries?
French settlements were grouped along the St. Lawrence River and the Great Lakes between present-day Canada and America. Spanish settlements were grouped in present-day Florida and Georgia. These were the most southern settlements in North America. English settlements extended along the Atlantic seaboard, from present-day Maine to Georgia.
How did the English Toleration Act of 1690 impact the society of Massachusetts?
It created tension by forcing Puritans to accept Protestants into their communities and leadership roles.
British North America at the start of the eighteenth century was an overwhelmingly rural, not urban, society. Cities were small, particularly compared to those of Spanish America or Europe. Place these cities below in order by population circa 1700, from largest to smallest.
Mexico City, Boston, New York
American slavery flourished for many reasons, especially among the Chesapeake planters. Identify the statements that describe why Chesapeake planters found African slaves more suitable as a source of labor compared to indentured servants.
Slaves were more resistant to epidemics than natives were. The children of slaves had no rights and, therefore, also became slaves. Slaves' terms never expired.
Identify the statements that describe the Covenant Chain and its outcomes.
The English formed an alliance with the Iroquois Nations and pledged to support each other in territorial acquisition and defeat of other tribes. The Iroquois Nations helped the British attack the French and their Indian allies. It eventually led the Iroquois Nations to adopt a policy of neutrality.
