inquizitive: chp10

Bird wings evolved from reptile forelimbs, and they allow birds to fly through the air. Insect wings did not evolve from limbs, and they allow insects to fly through the air. Are insect wings homologous to bird wings?

-no Because the two types of wings evolved from different structures (i.e., do not have common descent), they are not homologous, even though they serve the same purpose.

T-Both natural and artificial selection result in evolution of populations via some individuals of the population reproducing more than others.

Differential reproduction of individuals is how both natural and artificial selection work.

When might species that possess very different structures, but who have a common ancestor, show more similar structural similarities?

During embryonic development, many organisms display structures that were present in their ancestors that they do not possess as adults

Changes in the outward appearance of organisms is a central part of the definition of evolution.(F)

Evolution is defined as a change in the inherited characteristics of the genetic sequence of an organism, which may or may not be represented in outward appearance.

Which pair of species would you expect to have the most similar DNA sequences?

Jackals and wolves are both in the genus Canis, so they should have very similar DNA sequences.

A biologist receives seven new species of live insects from Brazil and is asked to determine their evolutionary relationships. Which method could help the biologist with this task?

Look for similar anatomical characteristics. Investigate their DNA sequences. Examine their embryonic development.

For a population of rabbits with dark hair, place the following events in the order they would occur as natural selection led to evolution of the population.

Rabbits that possess alleles for white fur are rare in the population. Climate change causes increased snow fall. Dark rabbits are more frequently eaten by predators. Most rabbits in the population are now white.

That some snakes possess small, nonfunctioning leg bones is evidence of which of the following?

Snakes descended from an ancestor that possessed limbs.

Embryos of animals can look very different from one another. The climate where an organism evolves does not have a large effect on the structure of the embryo. -The diet of an organism does not have a large effect on the structure of the embryo.

The embryos of many vertebrate animals look similar because they evolved from a common ancestor. -At some stages, human and chicken embryos appear very similar. Which of the following best explains this similarity?

those that were inherited from an ancestor but are no longer functional.

Vestigial structures

There are three species of frog on a remote island: Species 1 has very long legs, a medium mouth, and a medium rib cage. Species 2 has an extra wide mouth, medium legs, and a medium rib cage. Species 3 has a very large rib cage, medium legs, and a medium mouth. Finding which of the following fossils would be the best evidence that frog species 1 and 2 are more closely related to each other than either is to frog species 3?

a fossil frog with very long legs, an extra wide mouth, and medium ribs

Which of the following fossils could help biologists learn how limbless snakes may have evolved from lizard ancestors with four limbs?

a snake-like fossil that contains only two limbs a lizard-like fossil that contains four very reduced limbs

Which of the following species should contain genes that are responsible for mitochondrial proteins and are therefore evolutionarily related?

apple tree butterfly rabbit flamingo

artificial selection vs natural selection

artificial selection: heritable changes genetic changes goal oriented* population changes natural selection population changes not goal oriented* heritable changes genetic changes

In many cases, animals display structural traits of their ancestors only during embryonic development. Which of the following aquatic organisms might display limbs during embryonic development?

blue whales killer whales

An ancestor species with sensory antennae gives rise to two descendant species that both possess sensory antennae. Which of the following is a characteristic of the sensory antennae on the two descendent species?

homologous structures shared characteristics

Transitional fossil evidence suggests that two species are closely related. Which piece of evidence would contradict this conclusion?

large differences in DNA sequence lack of shared characteristics

A scientist comes across two different but similar-looking species of reptile: one on the east coast of North America, and the other on the west coast of Africa. It is hypothesized that these species became separated by continental drift. If this is true, should the two reptile species have more or less DNA similarity to each other than humans have to chimpanzees, which diverged from each other about five million years ago?

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