INTB - Socio-Cultural Force

A culture's aesthetics refers to the sense of moral behavior taught to the young.

F

Anthropologist E. T. Hall suggests that the best way to learn about another culture is to read about it.

F

Which of the following nations demonstrate a specific rather than a diffuse culture? (Check all that apply.)

Australia Canada Germany

Select all that apply Which of the following are rules of thumb for doing business across cultures? (Check all that apply.)

Be prepared. Manners are important. Slow down.

According to the tenets of _____, all who profess their faith in the Resurrection of Jesus will be received into heaven after death.

Christianity

Which religion has many denominations and shares a belief that there is one God who is revealed through human history?

Christianity

Select all that apply Which of the following statements are true of the command-and-control approach to accounting procedures? (Check all that apply.)

Controls are administered by formal institutions. Compliance is gained through rules and sanctions.

There is nothing as important as (finances/language) in distinguishing one culture or subculture from another.

language

Desired leadership traits are consistent among cultures.

F

High and Low Context

HC - face-to-face relationships are important, long-term relationships,less written and formal communication, multiple ties and networks, knowledge is situational/relational, strong insider/outsider boundaries LC - verbally explicit information, people play by external rules, knowledge is codified and accessible, task-centered, sequencing of activities, interpersonal connections of shorter duration, lots of written information

Select all that apply Which of the following would be included in Edward Hall's definition of context in a culture's communication? (Check all that apply.)

Helen will do her presentation after Connor but before Jeremy. Tyler started his speech at the back of the room and moved toward the front as he finished. Liam slumped over the podium as he gave his presentation.

As you review Hall's high and low context framework, which statement is accurate of the culture in the new assignment?

More explicit verbal communications will be important.

In Hall's use, context is relevant in a communication act.

T

Select all that apply Which of the following are included in Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck's values framework? (Check all that apply.)

Relationship to nature Relationships among people Evaluation of human nature Modes of human activity

Select all that apply Which of the following countries have a strong uncertainty avoidance culture? (Check all that apply.)

South Korea Japan Greece

Which one of the following statements is accurate regarding the effects of culture on leadership?

The role, function, and traits of leaders vary by culture.

Select all that apply Which of the following are examples of cultural paradoxes? (Check all that apply.)

U.S. culture is considered individualistic, yet the United States has the highest rate of charitable giving. Costa Rica is a high-context culture, yet it prefers automated tellers to real tellers. Japanese have low tolerance for ambiguity, yet their contracts have ambiguous clauses.

In which country does transparency and price drive the procurement process?

United States

Select all that apply According to Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck, which of the following are among the universal problems to which all cultures offer solutions? (Check all that apply.)

What relationship should people have with nature? What is the basic nature of humans? What are the preferred forms of human activity? What sorts of relationships should exist among individuals?

When Milli explained to a France-based company that her U.S.-based firm would provide all of the necessary financial documentation to prove its worth, she was taken aback when the French company said they would prefer to know who the treasurer of her company was for the past ten years. This example shows how culture can affect the _____ area of a company.

accounting

Gavin was recently named president of a financial institution on Wall Street in New York, where he has worked for the past 22 years. During his career, he has developed financial strategies that helped small companies strengthen their financial holdings. He is recognized by his peers as a leader in the financial industry. This scenario exemplifies the _____ culture described by Trompenaars.

achievement

The sense of beauty and taste within a culture is known as its

aesthetics

Determinants of a Culture

aesthetics - color of mourning, music and folklore material culture - classical theater, cooking language and communication - facial expressions, gestures societal organizations - family, Facebook

Individuals in ______ cultures tend to be emotional or expressive.

affective

Natalie planned to purchase Belgian chocolate during her visit to Brussels because Belgian chocolate has a worldwide reputation for quality. The chocolate Natalie plans to purchase is an example of a(n) _____.

artifact

Natalie knew her company could sell its bicycles in England, but she wanted her marketing team to learn more about how consumers in England use bicycles: Do they ride them to work, or do they ride bicycles just for pleasure? What aspect of marketing is Natalie concerned with?

culture

In _____ cultures, work relationships carry over to other areas of life and influence them.

diffuse

Select all that apply A culture's aesthetics are expressed most intentionally in _______. (Check all that apply.)

drama music folklore art

Leslie decided to hire Patricia for the job because her assistant is Patricia's aunt, and Patricia's aunt knows that Patricia will be able to do the job. Which social institution played a role in the hiring of Patricia?

kinship

Jordan moved from the United States and took a job at a company based in China. He was always trying to get his co-workers in China to discuss their personal feelings regarding corporate decisions, but they were reluctant to do so because such conversations were not typical of their culture. Jordan's behavior is an example of _____.

ethnocentricity

What term is given to the belief that your own culture is superior to other cultures?

ethnocentricity

True or false: Men's roles across cultures differ less than women's roles.

false Reason: Women's roles across cultures differ less than men's roles.

The ______ is the basic unit of institutions based on kinship

family

A ____ mind-set includes an openness to diversity along with an ability to pull ideas together across boundaries created by that diversity

global

Cultural values play key roles in motivating and evaluating employees. This statement is an example of culture affecting which business function?

human resources

Jensen was surprised to learn that the company to which she was applying hires only graduates from Ivy League schools. This example demonstrates how culture can impact _____ in business.

human resources

Trompenaars's dimension of _______ indicates whether people plan their actions with reference to themselves or to the group.

individualism vs. communitarianism

People who live in the United States are rewarded for being independent. The United States is an example of a(n) (individualistic/collectivistic) culture.

individualistic

According to Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck, relationships among individuals in a low context culture tend to focus on ______.

individuals

Which of Hofstede's dimensions reflect the idea that in the United States it is more common to seek personal gratification?

indulgence vs. restraint

Select all that apply Which of the following were Hofstede's original four cultural dimensions? (Check all that apply.)

masculinity-femininity individualism-collectivism uncertainty avoidance power distance

Hofstede's _____ _____ dimension describes the distribution of roles between the sexes

masculinity; femininity

Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck's relationship with nature classification ranges along a continuum from:

mastery to subjugation

The human-made objects created by a culture are called _______ culture, or artifacts.

material

Actions are considered ______ if they are linear and follow one another.

monochronic

When Shawna was transferred from the U.S.-based office to the affiliate in Britain, she quickly realized that showing emotions was frowned upon. Which of Trompenaars's dimensions does Shawna's experience reflect?

neutral vs. affective

Cultural _______ are contradictions in a culture's values

paradox

In ______ cultures, it is common to have several different meetings happen at the same time in order to solve a problem.

polychronic

Which of Hofstede's dimensions analyzes the extent to which members of a society expect power to be distributed unequally and accept that it is?

power distance

______ ______ is the extent to which members of a society expect power to be distributed unequally and accept that it is.

power distance

Michelle is concerned with personal stability. He has a high degree of respect for tradition and will go to great lengths to protect his reputation. Which of Geert Hofstede's society social culture characteristics does Michelle best represent?

pragmatism/normative behavior

When Kevin's US-based company purchased a manufacturing facility in China, the company decided to increase the output of the facility by adding an overnight shift. The workers refused to work the overnight hours and eventually the US owner agreed to return to a regular work schedule and output levels dropped. Which aspect of business is being affected by culture?

production

Which of Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck's value orientations relates to society's beliefs about the legitimate form of social structure and hierarchy?

relationships among individuals

Which cultural dimension suggests that society extends much energy establishing order and structure?

restraint

The United States is considered a (specific/diffuse) culture because people make distinctions between their work relationships and other relationships.

specific

According to Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck, a ______ relationship with nature would suggest that humans cannot change nature, that forces such as fate and genetics determine the conditions of life.

subjugated

Islam comes from an Arabic word meaning _____.

submitting

Edward Hall's cultural framework is based upon ______.

the context of the communication pattern

Gift giving in international business develops a social bond with the hope that it will eventually lead to (suspicion/trust) between the giver and recipient.

trust

Hofstede's dimension of _____ describes a society's level of comfort in unstructured situations.

uncertainty avoidance

According to Trompenaars, which culture tends to be rule-based and applies those rules to all people in all situations?

universalist

A(n) ______ culture tends to be rule-based, while ______ cultures tend to be relationship-based.

universalist, particularist

People in highly ______ cultures belong to strong, cohesive in-groups that look after them in exchange for loyalty.

collectivistic

Based on Trompenaars's framework, cultures that practice ________ plan their actions with reference to group benefits.

communitarianism

Kylie told the marketing team that it wouldn't make sense to try and market their company's new frozen meal product line in parts of South Africa because the consumers didn't have electricity, much less refrigeration. Kylie is demonstrating (production/cultural) awareness.

cultural

The most obvious and distancing cultural distinction associated with international business is ______.

language

A person's age, rank, and title are taken into account more in a (large/small) power-distance culture.

large

The masculinity side of Hofstede's dimension represents a preference in society for achievement, assertiveness, and material rewards for success. Its opposite, femininity, stands for a preference for cooperation, modesty, caring, and quality of life. Manolis is recruiting for a new assistant who is balanced in the masculinity and femininity characteristics. Who should he hire?

Hurshey enjoys engaging his coworkers in various team-building activities and is seeking greater responsibility and salary.

Which religion focuses on living a life according to God's will, which is revealed through the Qur'an?

Islam

Select all that apply Which of the following are characteristics of small-power-distance cultures? (Check all that apply.)

Informality is the norm. There is equal distance among people. A consultative style of leadership predominates.

In many cultures, individualism and collectivism have a significant impact on employees in the workplace. According to Hofstede's Big Idea, individualism is focused on each individual acting on his or her own and making their own choices, whereas collectivism views the group as the primary entity, with the individuals lost along the way. From the following, select the statement that best describes individualism.

Mark was recently hired at WiTalk and plans to stay with the company for 5 years to gain experience that will enable him to get better job with more pay.

Although some business areas, such as accounting and finance, are quantitative, they are at the same time affected by culture.

T

Feminine cultures in Hofstede's dimensions care about relationships and are also focused on business success. For them, it is quality of life, both work and private, that matters.

T

Select all that apply What are two characteristics of a past-focused culture?

based on history and tradition slow to change

______ cultures consider who a person is in terms of his or her family lineage, age, or other attributes.

Ascription

Cultural attitudes toward change do not affect the acceptance of new production methods.

F

History shows that businesses make few costly mistakes when making product introductions into foreign markets.

F

Hofstede's individualism-collectivism dimension measures the degree to which economic activity is socialist (communal) or capitalist (independent).

F

In low-context cultures, people tend to form long-lasting relationships that endure over time.

F

We are each born with a knowledge of our culture.

F

When we use cultural frameworks to build our understanding of another culture, we enter a values-free zone.

F

True or false: Hofstede's cultural dimensions support the idea that a management technique that is appropriate in one national culture is generally appropriate in another.

False

True or false: Leadership styles tend to remain constant across cultures.

False

True or false: Practices related to gift giving are generally the same from one culture to the next.

False

Select all that apply Which of the following characterize indulgent cultures? (Check all that apply.)

Freedom of speech is valued. Leisure is valued. People believe they have personal control over their lives.

Based on Trompenaars's dimensions, which cultures plan, anticipate, and see a better world evolving?

Future-focused

Select all that apply Which of the following describe a global mind-set? (Check all that apply.)

It requires the ability to pull ideas together across boundaries created by diversity. It requires a willingness to deal with complexity. It requires an openness to diversity.

Select all that apply Which of the following are cultural frameworks? (Check all that apply.)

Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck's cultural orientation Hofstede's six dimensions Trompenaars's seven dimensions Edward Hall's high context and low context

According to Geert Hofstede's Big Idea, power distance is one of the cultural dimensions within a workplace, which indicates the strength of societal social hierarchy—the extent to which the lower ranking individuals of a society accept and expect that power is distributed unequally. Who best represents this characteristic?

Ming

What does Trompenaars' dimension of individualism vs. communitarianism suggest to the Chinese manager?

Motivation activities in the new culture should be focused on the individual.

Select all that apply Which of the following should be kept in mind while analyzing cultural frameworks? (Check all that apply.)

One's own culture functions as an implicit reference point for comparison. Analyzing cultural frameworks is only the beginning of understanding the complexity of cultures.

Trompenaars's dimension of individualism versus communitarianism and Hofstede's individualism-collectivism dimension are similar.

T

Trompenaars's dimension of universalism versus particularism measures whether universal rules or relationships regulate behaviors.

T