integrated science a - unit 2: matter and atoms

a scientist discovers that an atom with a mass number of 14 contains eight electrons. according to this scenario, what is the atom's atomic number?

8

the atomic number of sulfur is 16. if an atom of sulfur is neutral, how many electrons should it have?

16

study the image. https://cdstools.flipswitch.com/asset/media/479849 which statement best describes the image?

a gas loses energy and condenses, changing into a liquid.

examine the incomplete statement. liquids have a _[blank]_ shape and _[blank]_ volume. which words best complete the statement?

variable; fixed

which of the following answer choices best describes j. j. thomson's plum-pudding model?

an atom consists of positively charged matter that contains negatively charged particles.

according to bernoulli's principle, what type of relationship exists between a fluid's velocity and its pressure?

an inverse relationship

individual : identification card :: element : _[blank]_ which answer choice best completes the analogy?

atomic fingerprint

according to modern atomic theory, where are electrons most likely to be found?

atomic orbitals

lesson 9

atoms

two balls of the same mass are thrown at different velocities. ball a has a higher velocity than ball b. which statement best describes the kinetic energy of the balls?

ball a has a higher kinetic energy than ball b

examine the false statement. bernoulli's principle indicates that increasing the velocity of a fluid will cause its pressure to increase. which answer choice rewords the false statement so that it becomes true?

bernoulli's principle indicates that increasing the velocity of a fluid will cause its pressure to decrease.

lesson 6

building blocks

according to boyle's law, how would you reduce the volume of a gas?

by increasing its pressure

which of the following concepts was not part of john dalton's atomic theory?

each element contains atoms with negatively charged particles.

which answer choice names the subatomic particle that has the least amount of mass in an atom?

electron

which of the following statements accurately describes energy during the phase change of sublimation?

energy is absorbed

which of the following statements accurately describes energy during the phase change of freezing?

energy is released.

molten lava coming out of a hawaiian volcano cools down and forms rock. which statement best describes the flow of energy in this scenario?

energy moves from the lava to the surroundings.

which of the following scientists performed a gold foil experiment that led him to propose the existence of the nucleus?

ernest rutherford

when a liquid _[blank]_, the particles become _[blank]_ ordered. which words best complete this statement?

evaporates; less

which answer choice best describes john dalton's contribution to atomic theory?

he gave future scientists a foundation for understanding how atoms make up matter.

lesson 7

how matter changes

which of the following is the best representation of a solid?

https://cdstools.flipswitch.com/asset/media/479548

which of these images best represents the conservation of mass?

https://cdstools.flipswitch.com/asset/media/479844

examine the images. which image shows a container where the volume of a gas is fixed, as required in gay-lussac's law?

https://cdstools.flipswitch.com/asset/media/479899

which answer choices are true statements about the properties of an enclosed gas? select all that apply.

if the pressure of a gas remains constant, then increasing its temperature will increase its volume. if the volume of a gas remains constant, then increasing its temperature will increase its pressure.

select the answer choices that describe where plasmas can be found.

in stars in lightning in lightbulbs

examine the false statement. in the bohr model of an atom, an electron's path is not known exactly. which answer choice rewords the false statement so it is true?

in the bohr model of an atom, an electron's path follows a defined orbit around the nucleus.

an ice cube is left on the kitchen counter. after some time, the ice cube melts into a small puddle of water. according to the law of conservation of mass, how does the mass of the puddle of water compare to the mass of the original ice cube?

it contains the same amount of mass.

evaluate the image of protons (p), neutrons (n), and electrons (e) within and around a nucleus. https://cdstools.flipswitch.com/asset/media/480149 which answer choice correctly names and lists the charge of the figure represented?

it is an ion with a negative charge.

what must happen in order for an atom to become a positively charged ion?

it must lose an electron

a child complains that his soup is too hot. his mother places an ice cube in the soup to cool it. how will the soup's thermal energy behave?

it will flow from the soup to the ice cube.

what does the mass number of an element represent?

its amount of protons and neutrons

if a particle's speed increases, what happens to its kinetic energy?

its kinetic energy increases.

according to gay-lussac's law, what will happen to the pressure of a gas if its temperature increases and its volume stays constant?

its pressure will increase

according to charles's law, what will happen to the temperature of a gas if its volume increases and its pressure stays constant?

its temperature will increase

according to boyle's law, what will happen to the volume of a gas if its pressure decreases and its temperature stays constant?

its volume will increase

which answer choice best describes how bohr's model proposed electrons travel around the nucleus?

like planets orbiting the sun

a scientist examining the periodic table sees that the element magnesium (mg) has the atomic number 12. based on this knowledge, what does the scientist immediately know is true about magnesium atoms?

magnesium atoms have 12 protons.

which of the following statements about conservation of mass is true?

mass is conserved in both physical and chemical changes.

which answer choices are assumptions within the kinetic theory of matter? select all that apply.

matter is made of small particles. there is empty space between matter's particles. matter's particles are in constant random motion or vibration.

which statements are included in the kinetic theory of matter? select all that apply.

matter is made of small particles. there is empty space between matter's particles. matter's particles are in constant random motion or vibration.

what kind of particles make up light?

photons

a little boy blows air into a rubber glove and ties a knot at the end of it. he realizes that he wants the puffed-up glove to be bigger, but he's already tied a knot that he cannot untie. according to the gas laws, what could the little boy do to increase the volume of air in the glove?

place the glove in the sun

which statements best describe how the properties of gases and plasmas differ? select all that apply.

plasma particles are charged while gas particles are uncharged. the particles of plasmas have a higher kinetic energy than the particles of gases.

examine the three isotopes of potassium (k) below. potassium-41, potassium-39, potassium-40 which answer choice lists these isotopes in the order of having the least amount of neutrons to having the most amount of neutrons?

potassium-39, potassium-40, potassium-41

lesson 8

pressure

according to pascal's principle, what happens when someone squeezes a bottle of soda?

pressure increases equally across the bottle.

which answer choices name a subatomic particle that is found in the nucleus of an atom? select all that apply.

proton neutron

which answer choice best represents the approximate relative mass of the three subatomic particles? select all that apply.

protons = neutrons protons > electrons neutrons > electrons

match each of the states of matter to the correct description of its properties.

solids : made up of particles; have a fixed shape and a variable volume liquids : made up of particles; have a variable shape and a fixed volume gases : made up of particles; have a variable shape and a variable volume plasmas : made up of charged particles; have a variable shape and a variable volume

a little girl lightly presses down on an air-filled balloon. this causes the pressure from the air inside the balloon to increase. according to pascal's principle, how will this increase in air pressure occur?

the applied pressure will increase the air pressure equally throughout the balloon.

a scientist wants to calculate the kinetic energy of a cheetah as it chases down its prey. what does the scientist need to measure in order to determine the kinetic energy of the cheetah? select all that apply.

the cheetah's speed the cheetah's amount of matter

kato is out camping with his family, and they decide to start a campfire because of the cold air. after everyone roasts marshmallows to a crispy golden brown, they eat them, and then they decide to go to sleep. before going to sleep, kato pours water over the campfire to put it out. he notices that steam drifts from the burned wood and ashes even though the fire is gone and the coals have stopped glowing. which statements best describe how energy is conserved in this scenario? select all that apply.

the cold air absorbed energy from the water vapor, so it condensed and formed steam. the liquid water absorbed the energy of the fire, so it changed into a gas and evaporated.

according to the law of conservation of energy, which answer choice best describes the energy of the reactants in a chemical reaction?

the energy of the reactants is the same as the energy of the products.

a student stirs a cup of hot chocolate with a cold metal spoon and observes that the spoon becomes warmer. according to the law of conservation of energy, which answer choice best describes why the spoon became warmer?

the high-energy hot chocolate particles transfer some of their energy to the spoon particles, which causes the spoon to become warmer.

evaluate the image. https://cdstools.flipswitch.com/asset/media/494494 which answer choice correctly describes the gas law and physical changes represented by the image?

the image shows boyle's law because volume decreases as pressure increases.

select the answer choice that best describes the gas law and property changes shown in the image. https://cdstools.flipswitch.com/asset/media/479904

the image shows charles's law because as volume increases, temperature increases.

select the answer choice that best describes the gas law and property changes shown in the image. https://cdstools.flipswitch.com/asset/media/479907

the image shows gay-lussac's law because as pressure increases, temperature increases.

a scientist examines a large pot of boiling water and a small cup of boiling water. the scientist determines that the large pot holds more water particles than the small cup. also, the scientist discovers that both have the same amount of average kinetic energy. based on the scientist's findings, which of the following statements is true?

the large pot of water and small cup of water have the same temperature, but the large pot of water has higher thermal energy.

a child accidentally drops a toy in some water. the child places it on the counter and leaves for a couple hours. when the child returns, the toy is dry. which answer choice best describes what happened in this scenario?

the molecules of water on the child's toy absorbed energy from their surroundings and changed from the liquid to the gas state.

an event planner accidentally leaves a tray of cupcakes in his car for several hours on a sunny day. when he returns, the formerly firm frosting is now runny and wet to the touch. which answer choice best describes what happened in this scenario?

the particles of frosting absorbed energy from their surroundings and changed from the solid to the liquid state.

a metal rod is placed in a hot fire. some of the metal turns orange and becomes runny. which answer choice best explains what happened in this scenario?

the particles of metal absorbed energy from the fire and changed from the solid to the liquid state.

a scoop of ice cream is placed on top of a warm piece of pie in a bowl. which statements about this scenario are true? select all that apply.

the pie will decrease in energy. the ice cream will increase in energy. the overall amount of energy in the bowl will neither increase nor decrease.

which answer choice best describes why the results of ernest rutherford's gold foil experiment led him to propose the concept of a nucleus?

the positively charged alpha particles were deflected more often than expected, which indicated that the gold atoms' positive charges were not evenly distributed throughout each atom.

when the mass of a fluid increases, what happens to the pressure it exerts on objects?

the pressure it exerts on objects increases.

a college student heats a bowl of soup to a certain temperature. before eating any, the student decides to add more soup. once more soup is added, the student heats the soup to the same temperature as before. which of the following statements is true about the soup's thermal energy now that more soup has been added?

the soup now has more thermal energy than it did before.

the average kinetic energy for a substance or object is directly proportional its temperature. according to the statement, which answer best describes how a substance would be affected if its temperature increased?

the substance's average kinetic energy would increase.

boiling water on a heated stove begins to evaporate into a gas. which statement best predicts what will happen to the temperature as the water evaporates?

the temperature will not change.

which of the following statements best explains why the cube in image b is under more pressure than the cube in image a?

the volume of fluid in image b is greater than that of image a.

examine the statement. gases are easily compressible, but other states of matter are not. which statement best helps to explain the statement above?

their particles are more spread out than the particles of the other states.

which terms are correctly matched to their definitions? select all that apply.

thermal energy = total kinetic energy temperature = average kinetic energy heat = transfer of thermal energy between two objects

which answer choice correctly states and describes the relationship between volume and particle motion within the states of matter?

they have a direct relationship, so when the volume for a state of matter increases, its particle motion increases.

examine the statements below and choose the one that correctly states and describes the relationship between volume and density within the states of matter.

they have an indirect relationship, so when the density for a state of matter increases, its volume decreases.

how do scientists use the kinetic theory of matter?

they use it to study the effect of energy on matter.