Integumentary System
The pale crescent area of the nail is called the
lunula
Thick skin can be found on the
palms
In other mammals, the _____ glands function as scent glands, providing an important form of communication.
Apocrine
Which type of burn appears inflamed and feels tender but has no blisters?
First-degree
What is the function of melanin?
It protects DNA from the damaging effects of ultraviolet radiation
The protein that contributes to many of the skin's protective qualities is called
Keratin
Exposure of the skin to ultraviolet light
can slowly increase melanocyte activity
The fold of the stratum corneum over the base of a nail is called the
cuticle
Shafts of hair are comprised of
dead keratinized epidermal cells
The dermis is composed largely of ____?
dense irregular connective
Epidermal cells are supplied with nutrients from blood vessels in the
dermis
The high vascular layer of the skin, which provides thermoregulation via changing blood flow, is the
dermis
When the body is overheated, the skin responds by
dilating blood vessels
Thin skin is defined by the thickness of the
epidermis
A burn that destroys only the superficial cells of the epidermis, such as a mild sunburn, is classified as
first-degree
When the arrector pili muscle contract,
"goose bumps" are formed
Choose the correct order of the cell layers, or strata, in a section of thick skin, from the basement membrane toward the free surface (deep to superficial)
2,5,4,1,3
Which of the following conditions is the most common form of skin cancer?
Basal cell carcinoma
The skin may turn orange as a result of ___ build up.
Carotene
Projections of loos connective tissue from the dermis, which extend upward between the adjacent ridges of the epidermis, are called______.
Dermal papille
The walls of each hair follicle contain all the cell layers found in which of the following?
Epidermis
Which of the following is the correct order of the layers of the cutaneous membrane?
Epidermis, dermis, hypodermis
Through which mechanism does perspiration function in cooling the body?
Evaporation
During skin repair, most of the scab consists of an insoluble network of _____, a protein that forms from blood proteins during the clotting response.
Fibrin
Hair is formed by the repeated divisions of epithelial stem cells in which structure?
Hair matrix
Modified and specialized sweat glands that produce milk are called _____ glands.
Mammary
In albinism, ____ is lacking.
Melanin
The observed differences in skin color reflect the levels of ______ production.
Melanin
Which is the most logical reason for an elderly person's higher potential to be prone to skin infections, compared to a younger persons?
Stem cell activity in the epidermis declines in the elderly
The deepest layer of cells in the epidermis is the cells of the
Stratum basale
The layer of the epidermis at the exposed surface is the
Stratum corneum
When a person becomes "pale" what is the physiologic basis?
The blood supply to the skin decreases
Why are injections administered in the hypodermis when administering drugs using a hypodermic needle?
There are no vital organs in the region
Melanin serves to protect cells in the deeper layers of the epidermis from______.
Ultraviolet radiation
The condition that results from clogged sebaceous glands is
acne
The glands that begin discharging a sticky, cloudy, and potentially odorous secretion at puberty are called ______ glands.
apocrine
The subcutaneous layer consists of
areolar and adipose tissues
The nail ____ covers the nail bed.
body
Functions of the skin include
regulating body temprature
Merocrine sweat glands
respond primarily to elevated body temprature
A small amount of ultraviolet radiation is beneficial because it
stimulate vitamin D3 synthesis in the epidermis
The epidermal layer whose cells have stopped dividing and started to produce large amounts of keratin is the
stratum granulosum
As cells are pushed from the deeper portion of the epidermis toward the surface,
they die
The type of burn that injures the hypodermis, deeper tissues, and organs in a(n)
third-degree burn