Internal Combustion Engine

Constant-pressure

combustion is combustion of fuel in a cylinder at so slow a rate that there is no rise in cylinder pressure.

Compression-ignition

engine is another term referring to diesel engine.

Stirling Cycle

has very high efficiency, like the Carnot Cycle.

Indicated Thermal efficiency

indicates the extent to which the energy added by heat is converted to net work output.

Diesel engine

is a compression-ignition combustion engine first developed by Rudolf Diesel.

Stirling Cycle

is a cycle that utilizes a closed-cycle regenerative heat engine

Piston

is a cylindrical part which reciprocates in the cylinder bore of an engine and transmits the force of the gas pressure through the connecting rod to tine crankshaft.

Air filter

is a device for filtering the air, before it goes into the engine, to prevent particles of dust from entering the engine.

Convection

is a heat transfer process associated as heat loss during combustion.

Engine

is a machine which produces power to do work

Heat-input process

is a part of the Otto engine cycle where the air is combusted with the aid of a spark plug, at constant volume.

Compression stroke (Otto)

is a part of the Otto engine cycle where the air is compressed from the top dead center to the bottom dead center at constant entropy.

Intake stroke

is a part of the Otto engine cycle where the air is taken into the combustion chamber at constant pressure.

Exhaust blowdown stroke

is a part of the Otto engine cycle where the heat in the combustion chamber is removed, at constant volume.

Power stroke

is a part of the Otto engine cycle where the high pressure on the piston pushes it down to the bottom dead center and produces the power output for the engine, at constant entropy.

Exhaust process

is a part of the Otto engine cycle where the piston travels back to the top dead center to remove any remaining exhaust gases, at constant pressure.

Cetane number

is a percentage indicating the ignition quality of diesel fuels.

Choked flow

is a result of the gas elements escaping the exhaust valve having low opening.

Closed Cycle

is a thermodynamic cycle wherein the input is equal (or same) to the output.

Quasi-static process

is a thermodynamic process that happens slow enough for the system to maintain in internal equilibrium, this is applicable for any frictionless, reversible processes.

Adiabatic process

is a thermodynamic process where no heat is added or removed between its surroundings, and energy is only transferred as work.

Reversible process

is a thermodynamic process where the direction can be reversed by inducing changes on properties of the system without changing its entropy.

Isobaric process

is a thermodynamic process where the pressure is constant, heat transferred to system does work and also changes the internal energy of the system.

Isometric process

is a thermodynamic process where the volume is constant, no work is done, but heat is still transferred at a constant volume.

Ideal process

is a thermodynamic process where the working fluid is an ideal gas that follows the universal ideal gas laws.

Open system

is a thermodynamic system in which the real engine cycle operates.

Intake valve closing timing

is a timing system adapted in Miller Engine cycle

Wide open throttle

is a type of throttle where maximum intake of air and fuel occurs.

Intake Temperature

is also known as the ambient temperature

Miller Engine Cycle

is an Engine cycle that prolongs the opening of the intake valve to increase the expansion ratio and decrease the compression ratio

Early Intake Valve Closing

is an Intake Valve closing that closes before it reaches BDC

Late Intake Valve Closing

is an Intake valve closing that remains open until it reaches BDC and closes at the start of compression stroke

Thrust

is an axial force acting on a shaft.

Ideal Air-Standard Cycle

is an engine cycle which uses cold air, as an ideal gas, as the working fluid.

Two-Stroke Engines

is an engine that utilizes only one crankshaft revolution per cycle.

Otto Cycle

is an ideal air-standard, four-stroke engine cycle with 2 isometric, 2 isobaric and 2 isentropic processes, used in most automobile engines and 4-stroke engines.

Isentropic process

is an idealized thermodynamic process that is both reversible and adiabatic where there is no friction and transfer of heat and matter.

Specific Output

is an index quantifying the amount of power produced per unit of piston displacement.

Naturally aspirated engine

is an internal combustion engine wherein the air intake depends solely on atmospheric pressure and does not rely on turbochargers or superchargers.

Spark-ignition engine

is another term referring to gasoline engine.

A greater power-to-weight ratio

is found in two-stroke engines.

Compression ignition

is ignition of a fuel charge by the heat of the air in a cylinder, generated by compression of the air, as in the diesel engine.

Mechanical Efficiency

is more in two-stroke engines

Crankshaft

is that part of the engine which transmits the reciprocating motion of the pistons to the driven unit in the form of rotary motion

Exhaust

is the act of discharging gases from an engine after they have done work.

Indicated mean effective pressure

is the average pressure produced in the combustion chamber during the operating cycle.

Fuel injector

is the device which sprays the fuel into the cylinder.

Stroke

is the distance a piston travels up or down inside the cylinder.

Supercharged

is the effect of using supercharger

Turbocharged

is the effect of using turbocharger

Thermal efficiency

is the efficiency of the heat engine measured by the ratio of the work done to it by the heat supplied.

Lenoir Gas Engine

is the first successful internal combustion engine developed

Bore

is the interior diameter of an engine or compressor cylinder.

Two Stroke CI Engine

is the more commonly found type of two-stroke engine.

Robert Stirling

is the name of the inventor of the Stirling Cycle

Two Stroke

is the number of strokes that a Lenoir Cycle operates in.

Intake valve

is the passage way to the cylinder of the internal combustion engine

Thermal efficiency

is the percentage of the total chemical energy in the fuel consumed that is converted into useful work.

Cylinder Pressure

is the pressure inside the cylinder

Scavenging

is the process in which air pushes out remaining exhaust gas

Compression

is the process not present in a Lenoir Engine

Power

is the rate at which work is performed.

Compression Ratio

is the ratio of the maximum to minimum volume in the cylinder of an internal combustion engine

Compression ratio

is the ratio of the maximum volume to the minimum volume of the combustion chamber.

Efficiency

is the ratio of the useful work performed by a machine or in a process to the total energy expended or heat taken in.

Expansion Ratio

is the ratio of the volume of a gas or vapor after expansion to the volume and before expansion began

Compression ratio

is the ratio of the volume of the charge in the engine cylinder at the beginning of the compression stroke to that at the end of the stroke.

5th stroke

is the result of the prolonged intake valve closing

Delivery stroke

is the stroke of a pump during which the fluid in the pump is forced out of the cylinder.

Absolute temperature

is the temperature above absolute zero.

Exhaust temperature

is the temperature of exhaust gas

Isometric combustion

is the thermodynamic process during combustion.

Isentropic compression

is the thermodynamic process during compression.

Isentropic expansion

is the thermodynamic process during the power stroke of an engine.

Double-acting piston

is the type of piston that is operated in a Stirling Engine

Submarine

is the type of vehicle that is commonly propelled by Stirling engines.

Indicated net work

is the work done by the engine cycle

1816

is the year that the Stirling Cycle was made

Indicated thermal efficiency

is thermal efficiency inside the combustion chambers of the internal combustion engine.

Unthrottled

the air intake suction of a miller engine cycle is done by the pressure differences between the cylinder and the environment

Lenoir Cycle refers

to the cycle that models pulse jet engines

A Stirling Cycle

uses heat Exchangers to transfer heat

Mechanical efficienc

y is the ratio of brake horsepower to indicated horsepower.

Ralph Miller

patented the Miller Engine Cycle

Turbocharger

refers to a device that pressurizes air, which is powered by the mass flow of exhaust driving a turbine.

Supercharger

refers to a device that pressurizes air, which is powered mechanically by belt or chain-drive from the engine's crank shaft.

Spark plug

refers to a device which ignites the air-fuel mixture in a gasoline engine.

Part open throttle

refers to any position other than the full throttle.

Thermal Efficiency

refers to how well an engine converts the internal energy of the fuel into mechanical energy

Fuel Efficiency

refers to the amount of fuel burned in an engine over the amount of fuel entering the engine

Air-standard analysis

refers to the analysis where air is approximated to be an ideal gas.

Engine knock

refers to the audible sound that occurs when the air-fuel mixture pre-ignites before the piston reaches the scheduled spark ignition.

Combustion gases

refers to the gas mixture after the combustion stage.

Throttle

refers to the means of controlling an engine's power by regulating the amount of fuel or air entering the engine.

Octane number or octane rating

refers to the measure of the fuel's resistance to knocking.

Blowdown

refers to the phenomenon of combustion gases escaping through the valve during power stroke or before reaching the bottom-dead center.

Mechanical Efficiency

refers to the ratio of work input by the piston and the work output of the shaft