Internal Combustion Engine
Constant-pressure
combustion is combustion of fuel in a cylinder at so slow a rate that there is no rise in cylinder pressure.
Compression-ignition
engine is another term referring to diesel engine.
Stirling Cycle
has very high efficiency, like the Carnot Cycle.
Indicated Thermal efficiency
indicates the extent to which the energy added by heat is converted to net work output.
Diesel engine
is a compression-ignition combustion engine first developed by Rudolf Diesel.
Stirling Cycle
is a cycle that utilizes a closed-cycle regenerative heat engine
Piston
is a cylindrical part which reciprocates in the cylinder bore of an engine and transmits the force of the gas pressure through the connecting rod to tine crankshaft.
Air filter
is a device for filtering the air, before it goes into the engine, to prevent particles of dust from entering the engine.
Convection
is a heat transfer process associated as heat loss during combustion.
Engine
is a machine which produces power to do work
Heat-input process
is a part of the Otto engine cycle where the air is combusted with the aid of a spark plug, at constant volume.
Compression stroke (Otto)
is a part of the Otto engine cycle where the air is compressed from the top dead center to the bottom dead center at constant entropy.
Intake stroke
is a part of the Otto engine cycle where the air is taken into the combustion chamber at constant pressure.
Exhaust blowdown stroke
is a part of the Otto engine cycle where the heat in the combustion chamber is removed, at constant volume.
Power stroke
is a part of the Otto engine cycle where the high pressure on the piston pushes it down to the bottom dead center and produces the power output for the engine, at constant entropy.
Exhaust process
is a part of the Otto engine cycle where the piston travels back to the top dead center to remove any remaining exhaust gases, at constant pressure.
Cetane number
is a percentage indicating the ignition quality of diesel fuels.
Choked flow
is a result of the gas elements escaping the exhaust valve having low opening.
Closed Cycle
is a thermodynamic cycle wherein the input is equal (or same) to the output.
Quasi-static process
is a thermodynamic process that happens slow enough for the system to maintain in internal equilibrium, this is applicable for any frictionless, reversible processes.
Adiabatic process
is a thermodynamic process where no heat is added or removed between its surroundings, and energy is only transferred as work.
Reversible process
is a thermodynamic process where the direction can be reversed by inducing changes on properties of the system without changing its entropy.
Isobaric process
is a thermodynamic process where the pressure is constant, heat transferred to system does work and also changes the internal energy of the system.
Isometric process
is a thermodynamic process where the volume is constant, no work is done, but heat is still transferred at a constant volume.
Ideal process
is a thermodynamic process where the working fluid is an ideal gas that follows the universal ideal gas laws.
Open system
is a thermodynamic system in which the real engine cycle operates.
Intake valve closing timing
is a timing system adapted in Miller Engine cycle
Wide open throttle
is a type of throttle where maximum intake of air and fuel occurs.
Intake Temperature
is also known as the ambient temperature
Miller Engine Cycle
is an Engine cycle that prolongs the opening of the intake valve to increase the expansion ratio and decrease the compression ratio
Early Intake Valve Closing
is an Intake Valve closing that closes before it reaches BDC
Late Intake Valve Closing
is an Intake valve closing that remains open until it reaches BDC and closes at the start of compression stroke
Thrust
is an axial force acting on a shaft.
Ideal Air-Standard Cycle
is an engine cycle which uses cold air, as an ideal gas, as the working fluid.
Two-Stroke Engines
is an engine that utilizes only one crankshaft revolution per cycle.
Otto Cycle
is an ideal air-standard, four-stroke engine cycle with 2 isometric, 2 isobaric and 2 isentropic processes, used in most automobile engines and 4-stroke engines.
Isentropic process
is an idealized thermodynamic process that is both reversible and adiabatic where there is no friction and transfer of heat and matter.
Specific Output
is an index quantifying the amount of power produced per unit of piston displacement.
Naturally aspirated engine
is an internal combustion engine wherein the air intake depends solely on atmospheric pressure and does not rely on turbochargers or superchargers.
Spark-ignition engine
is another term referring to gasoline engine.
A greater power-to-weight ratio
is found in two-stroke engines.
Compression ignition
is ignition of a fuel charge by the heat of the air in a cylinder, generated by compression of the air, as in the diesel engine.
Mechanical Efficiency
is more in two-stroke engines
Crankshaft
is that part of the engine which transmits the reciprocating motion of the pistons to the driven unit in the form of rotary motion
Exhaust
is the act of discharging gases from an engine after they have done work.
Indicated mean effective pressure
is the average pressure produced in the combustion chamber during the operating cycle.
Fuel injector
is the device which sprays the fuel into the cylinder.
Stroke
is the distance a piston travels up or down inside the cylinder.
Supercharged
is the effect of using supercharger
Turbocharged
is the effect of using turbocharger
Thermal efficiency
is the efficiency of the heat engine measured by the ratio of the work done to it by the heat supplied.
Lenoir Gas Engine
is the first successful internal combustion engine developed
Bore
is the interior diameter of an engine or compressor cylinder.
Two Stroke CI Engine
is the more commonly found type of two-stroke engine.
Robert Stirling
is the name of the inventor of the Stirling Cycle
Two Stroke
is the number of strokes that a Lenoir Cycle operates in.
Intake valve
is the passage way to the cylinder of the internal combustion engine
Thermal efficiency
is the percentage of the total chemical energy in the fuel consumed that is converted into useful work.
Cylinder Pressure
is the pressure inside the cylinder
Scavenging
is the process in which air pushes out remaining exhaust gas
Compression
is the process not present in a Lenoir Engine
Power
is the rate at which work is performed.
Compression Ratio
is the ratio of the maximum to minimum volume in the cylinder of an internal combustion engine
Compression ratio
is the ratio of the maximum volume to the minimum volume of the combustion chamber.
Efficiency
is the ratio of the useful work performed by a machine or in a process to the total energy expended or heat taken in.
Expansion Ratio
is the ratio of the volume of a gas or vapor after expansion to the volume and before expansion began
Compression ratio
is the ratio of the volume of the charge in the engine cylinder at the beginning of the compression stroke to that at the end of the stroke.
5th stroke
is the result of the prolonged intake valve closing
Delivery stroke
is the stroke of a pump during which the fluid in the pump is forced out of the cylinder.
Absolute temperature
is the temperature above absolute zero.
Exhaust temperature
is the temperature of exhaust gas
Isometric combustion
is the thermodynamic process during combustion.
Isentropic compression
is the thermodynamic process during compression.
Isentropic expansion
is the thermodynamic process during the power stroke of an engine.
Double-acting piston
is the type of piston that is operated in a Stirling Engine
Submarine
is the type of vehicle that is commonly propelled by Stirling engines.
Indicated net work
is the work done by the engine cycle
1816
is the year that the Stirling Cycle was made
Indicated thermal efficiency
is thermal efficiency inside the combustion chambers of the internal combustion engine.
Unthrottled
the air intake suction of a miller engine cycle is done by the pressure differences between the cylinder and the environment
Lenoir Cycle refers
to the cycle that models pulse jet engines
A Stirling Cycle
uses heat Exchangers to transfer heat
Mechanical efficienc
y is the ratio of brake horsepower to indicated horsepower.
Ralph Miller
patented the Miller Engine Cycle
Turbocharger
refers to a device that pressurizes air, which is powered by the mass flow of exhaust driving a turbine.
Supercharger
refers to a device that pressurizes air, which is powered mechanically by belt or chain-drive from the engine's crank shaft.
Spark plug
refers to a device which ignites the air-fuel mixture in a gasoline engine.
Part open throttle
refers to any position other than the full throttle.
Thermal Efficiency
refers to how well an engine converts the internal energy of the fuel into mechanical energy
Fuel Efficiency
refers to the amount of fuel burned in an engine over the amount of fuel entering the engine
Air-standard analysis
refers to the analysis where air is approximated to be an ideal gas.
Engine knock
refers to the audible sound that occurs when the air-fuel mixture pre-ignites before the piston reaches the scheduled spark ignition.
Combustion gases
refers to the gas mixture after the combustion stage.
Throttle
refers to the means of controlling an engine's power by regulating the amount of fuel or air entering the engine.
Octane number or octane rating
refers to the measure of the fuel's resistance to knocking.
Blowdown
refers to the phenomenon of combustion gases escaping through the valve during power stroke or before reaching the bottom-dead center.
Mechanical Efficiency
refers to the ratio of work input by the piston and the work output of the shaft