International MKT/MGT Ch. 9

In 2008, what percentage of the U.S. population was foreign-born?

12.5%

Worldwide, what approximate percentage of senior management positions is held by women?

25%

In some Central American and Sub-Saharan countries, what percentage of the college-educated population emigrates?

50%

In the U.S., what approximate percentage of workers with doctorates in engineering is foreign-born?

50%

The 2010 global unemployment rate is estimated to be

6.6%

In 2010, what percent of the world's population was 65 or older?

7.6%

Growing labor pools are found in

A. Japan. B. countries with high levels of immigration. C. many developing countries. **D. C and B

UNICEF suggests that to avoid child labor

A. all children under 14 should be in school. B. developed nations should exercise caution in their purchasing of products produced through child labor. C. foreign aid should go to families that allow their children to be employed. **D. none of the above.

Guest workers

A. are temporary economic immigrants. B. work on an illegal basis. C. often are the first let go during an economic downturn. **D. A and C.

Human trafficking may include

A. bonded labor, involuntary servitude, and debt bondage. B. under-age soldiers. C. descent-based slavery. **D. All of these.

Europe's and Japan's populations are predicted to decline substantially between now and 2050; reversing this course could be accomplished by

A. tax incentives for larger families. B. encouraged immigration. C. subsidized child-rearing. **D. all of the above.

As well-trained, highly skilled immigrants move to many OECD countries,

A. the home countries lose their domestic talent and one source of development. B. citizens of the OECD countries frequently are put out of work in the highly skilled sectors. C. OECD countries offer the immigrants challenging, stimulating career prospects. **D. A and C.

The quality of a local labor force is affected by

A. the local education standards. B. the local birth rates. C. the local attitudes. **D. A and C.

Immigrants contribute to the development of their home countries

A. through their remittances. B. when they return home, bringing knowledge and experience. C. with taxes, which they are required to pay to their home countries while residents of their adopted country. **D. A and B.

The vulnerable workforce is likely to include

A. women. B. part time workers. C. immigrants and unskilled workers. **D. all of the above.

Aging populations are more pronounced in developed countries due to the stresses of rural living.

False

As the labor force moves from agricultural work to industrial employment and from rural to urban areas, the number of vulnerable workers decreases.

False

Because all Americans are middle class, there are no issues of class, social status or gender equity in the workplace.

False

Child labor figures include only children who are paid real wages and employed legally.

False

Classical economists assumed that labor was a mobile production factor.

False

Family-related employment benefits such as paid maternity leave and parental leave are guaranteed in all developed countries.

False

Forcing children, especially in developing nations, out of factories and fields and into schools is a step forward for them.

False

Global labor unions tend to bring similar benefits to members in all countries.

False

In developing nations with poor education systems, the effects of poverty and disease on the workforce are minimal and can be overcome with good HR practices.

False

India and Egypt are the world's two most populated countries.

False

Labor quality refers to the caste or upbringing of the employee.

False

Labor quantity refers to the attitudes, education, and skills of available employees.

False

Most child labor occurs in the textile sector, on a global basis.

False

The International Labor Organization reports that immigrants send home, on average, $6.3 trillion per year.

False

The global unemployment rate is estimated to be at 12.6 percent.

False

The largest number of immigrants to the U.S. comes from Europe.

False

The major effects of the 2009 financial crisis on the workforce are not yet known.

False

The nations with the largest number of migrants to other nations are France, Australia and Israel.

False

Union membership is high in France and Japan and low in Denmark and Sweden.

False

Worldwide, labor tends to be

Mobile

Women's salaries in Western countries are equal to men's salaries

No; in fact, in the U.S., Germany, Canada, the UK, Finland and Portugal, the gender salary gap is above the OECD average.

All unions worldwide represent the worker in opposition to the company.

Not the case at all. Japan is a counter-example. Unions tend to follow the values of the national culture

According to UNICEF, this proportion of the world's children are exploited by their employers:

One in Six

Countries in which women hold a significant percentage of senior management positions includes

Philippines and Russia

Trade unions represent the largest percentage of workers in

Sweden and Denmark

The aggregate remittances sent home by foreign works is greater than the total global foreign aid.

True

The need for the United Nations pledge against racism is a reminder that racial friction exists in many locales.

True

The vulnerable workforce is characterized by low earnings, low productivity, and working conditions that undermine a worker's rights.

True

The vulnerable workforce is now, as a result of the financial crisis, estimated to be one-half the global workforce.

True

UNICEF reports that one in six children (aged 5 to 14) work under conditions that are exploitative.

True

When educated immigrants decide to return home, their adopted country experiences reverse brain drain.

True

The International Labor Organization (ILO) is

a UN agency that promotes global labor rights.

The major motivation for immigration is

a better economic situation.

The largest percentage of population aged 65 and above, as projected for 2015, is to be found in

developed nations, especially Europe, Canada and Australia.

Social status is a consideration in employment because

employment practices need to take into account social status issues as they affect relationships at work.

Human trafficking and forced labor are often linked because

forced labor often involves the selling of human services in activities such as prostitution and slave/bonded labor, activities that are conducted out of sight.

Immigrants from developing countries

have become essential contributors the U.S. economy's health.

On global labor standards, the IMF suggests that

higher labor standards are a consequence of economic growth, rather than a cause of it.

Migrant labor stretches from

highly skilled to "3-D" jobs

Guest workers are immigrants who

immigrate for specified periods to perform service, factory or construction work.

By 2010, more than half the world's workforce

is located in urban areas in developing countries.

Child labor

needs to be understood and addressed within its context.

American firms contribute to reverse brain drain from the U.S. by

outsourcing knowledge work, which pulls talent back to the home country.

In employment policies of an international firm, social status issues need to be

paid careful attention to, so that issues arising from them can be foreseen.

South-western Africa, Australia, Russia, Europe and the U.S. all have

positive net migration rates.

UNESCO has begun the Brain Drain Initiative in order to

provide researchers returning home access to global scientific networks and computing power.

Globalization may have a positive influence on racism worldwide, because

successful managers in global situations will be open and value differences. These are traits globalism builds.

In a twist on the traditional brain drain, when skilled immigrants return to their home countries, the U.S. may lose its native talent to developing countries that offer researchers

support and facilities in areas such as stem cell research, which the U.S. has limited

One challenge presented to employers by the rural to urban migration is

supporting the lifestyle adjustment necessary for rural immigrants in an urban work setting.

In many developing nations, the labor situation brings with it challenges due to

the effects of poverty and health issues.

Minorities in traditional societies are at times the target of local racism because

the minorities may be more prosperous and successful than are the locals.

Brain drain affects developing countries because

they loose talent to migration, and this impacts their development.

As companies have globalized, unions have

watched foreign outsourcing develop, as one way to escape unions.

Om Prakash Gurjar is

winner of the International Child Peace Prize, 2006, and a formerly bonded laborer.

Countries with the largest populations are

China and India

The workforce in these two countries is primarily agricultural.

China and India

The presence of women in the workforce and women's access in the workforce to top management jobs go together; when the first increases, the second increases.

Data show a quite different picture.

Patriarchal, traditional values may explain some

Sexism in the workplace

Forced labor is the most common in

South and East Asia

The U.S. has 5 percent of the world's population and 20 percent of the world's migrants.

True

) Less than 20 percent of the world's population lived in urban areas in 1950; today it is over half.

True

A full quarter of all college-educated workers in the U.S. are foreign-born, and more than 50 percent of workers with doctorates in engineering are, as well.

True

As a recipient of talent from developing countries, the U.S. has come to depend heavily on immigrants.

True

Guest workers provide needed labor in countries with declining populations, an arrangement which works well in good economic times but can be problematic in a time of economic constraint.

True

Immigration can be a net positive for inflation and international cost-competitiveness, but it often is seen to reduce wage levels, a factor which makes immigration unpopular with labor unions.

True

In 2010, 31 percent of the world's population was under the age of 15.

True

In traditional societies, sometimes minorities, well-educated and knowledgeable about the local culture, are easy for foreign firms to become overly dependent on; a problem if these minorities are unpopular with the majority local population.

True

Korea shows the greatest gap in gender earnings and Belgium the least. The U.S. and Canada are above the OECD average on this measure.

True

Labor unions in Europe tend to be affiliated with political parties, whereas unions in the U.S. tend to be more pragmatic, and those in Japan tend to identify strongly with the interests of the company.

True

Low birth rates and low levels of immigration are leading to a decline in populations in many developed countries.

True

More than half of all victims of forced labor are women and girls.

True

Outsourcing may be a way for the firm to avoid operating with a labor union.

True

Populations in developing nations tend to be growing larger and younger at the same

True

Studies show a relationship between women's education and a nation's overall prosperity.

True

UNICEF's Convention on the Rights of the Child establishes

basic standards for child labor, including nondiscrimination, devotion to the best interests of the child, and the child's right to development.