International Relations FINAL EXAM

Behavioralism

proposes that individuals act in patterned ways

an absence of international authority

Conceiving of the international system as one characterized by anarchy implies that there is

norms can be changed through coercion as well as through discourse

Constructivists argue that

very little

Constructivists like Alexander Wendt argue that material structures, on their own, explain

multilateralism

Coordination among several states is known as

restraint through military, diplomatic, or economic channels

Defensive realists argue that states should pursue policies of

multinational corporations

Dependency theorists attribute primary importance to the role of __________ in exerting control over developing states

containment

During the Cold War, the United States pursued the strategy of __________ vis-à-vis the Soviet Union

after World War II

During which time period did colonialism meet its demise?

dialectical reasoning

Engaging in conversation that leads to the discovery of contradictions in the original assertions and in political reality is known as

Italy was unified

Following the Napoleonic Wars, which of the following political changes occurred?

China saw the revolution coming from the rural peasantry

How did Russia and China's Marxist revolutions differ?

constructivists

In contrast to realists and liberals, __________ argue that the key structures in the international system are not material but instead are social and depend on ideas

normative

In international relations, we refer to the moral aspects of political life as

constructivism

In seeking to explain the 2003 Iraq War, which theory would focus on how discussions of the threat posed by Saddam Hussein were framed?

to enhance developing countries level of development and control over their own resources

In the 1970s, a core group of reformers in developing countries formed the New International Economic Order (NIEO). What was the goal of the NIEO?

Russia

In the balance of power in Europe following the Napoleonic war, which state played the role of "builder of alliances"?

Japan

In the early 1900s, __________, a non-European power, defeated Russia, a European power in a war.

state of nature

In the international system, the states live in what Hobbes called the

can stem from changes in the relative importance of issue areas

In the liberal view, change in the international system

counteracting powerful factions

In the nineteenth century, under the balance-of-power system, states formed alliances on what basis?

pluralistic

International relations is a(n) __________ discipline.

history

International relations was part of which discipline until the early twentieth century?

capitalism, feudalism

After the Thirty Years War, a group of states emerged in both the East and West. The West relied on __________, while the East resorted to __________.

focus on the whole, not the parts

An advantage of system level analysis is a(n)

there are no subnational actors trying to overturn the decision of the government

An essential assumption of realism is that

internal factors

Aristotle concluded that states rise and fall largely due to

constrains state actions

Both radicals and realists argue that the international system

possible

Liberalism posits that cooperation between states is

security interests

Liberals believe that the international system is defined by

Russia

Napoleon's army was defeated after invading which country?

Great Britain, the Soviet Union, and the United States

Near the end of World War II, which three countries led the alliance against Germany?

anarchic; positive

Neoliberal institutionalists and neorealists agree that the international system is __________ in nature, but disagree on the potential for __________ outcomes

having important and independent effects on state actions

Neoliberals see international institutions as

States are reluctant to cooperate even for mutual gain, because their partners may benefit more, gaining additional power to use against them in the future

Neorealists argue that the potential for international cooperation is unlikely given that the structure of the international system makes states focus on their relative power. What do they mean by this?

radicalism

Of the more prominent theoretical approaches, __________ is most concerned with economic class.

realism

Of the more prominent theoretical approaches, __________ is most concerned with power.

periodically fighting a war can intimidate potential rivals into bandwagoning with it

Offensive realists argue that

government legitimacy comes from the consent of the governed

One idea that emerged after the American and French Revolutions was that

nuclear deterrence made neither side willing to start a war

One leading explanation of why the Cold War stayed cold and became the long peace is because

different data may lead to different conclusions

One of the characteristics of the behavioral approach is that

radicals argue that class exploitation occurs in both domestic and international settings

Radicalism draws off some ideas of Karl Marx. This means

economics

Radicalism is rooted in

economics

Radicalism is the only theory that views __________ as the primary ingredient of power.

polarity; stratification

Radicals and realists explain and understand the international system differently. Realists tend to focus on __________ because of its emphasis on power. Radicals explain the international system by focusing on __________.

assume actors are basically rational

Realism and liberalism are similar in that they both

military power

Realists argue power is determined primarily by

state; international system

Realists argue that the __________ is the key unit of analysis in international relations, whereas neorealists argue that the __________ is the key unit of analysis

Advocates of the unipolar system argue that the hegemonic actor is willing to enforce norms that permit the continuation of the system that benefits them

Realists lack a consensus about the relationship between polarity and stability. Which of the following statements best captures this difference of opinion?

women have been absent from international politics

Some feminist theorists argue that

bipolar; multipolar

Some realist scholars argue stability is easier in __________ systems than in __________ systems because if one state engages in disruptive behavior or gains power, the consequences are immediately evident.

political openness

Soviet Premier Mikhail Gorbachev implemented two domestic reforms: glasnost and perestroika. Glasnost refers to

Rwanda and Yugoslavia

The 1990s saw brutal civil wars in

the period between the Napoleonic Wars and the Crimean War

The Concert of Europe refers to what period in history when no major wars among great powers occurred?

Africa

The Congress of Berlin divided __________ between the major powers

The League of Nations lacked political weight, legal instruments, and legitimacy

The League of Nations was designed to prevent all future wars. Why was this intergovernmental organization unable to prevent World War II?

increased tensions between Britain and Germany because the Boers had purchased weapons from Germany

The Second Anglo-Boer War (1899-1902)

Al Qaeda

The September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks were organized and funded by

the notion of sovereignty

The Treaties of Westphalia ended the Thirty Years War (1618-48). Which of the following resulted from this experience?

postmodernists

The __________ seek to deconstruct the basic concepts of the field by searching sources for hidden meanings in the subtext.

constructivists

The __________ trace how ideas shape identities which, in turn, affect international political life.

sovereignty

The authority of a state to govern matters within its own borders free from external interference is known as

Triple Alliance

The balance of power weakened as alliances solidified and, as a result, two alliance camps emerged in the late 1880s. One was the Dual Alliance formed by France and Russia and the other was formed by Germany, Austria, and Italy and known as the

neither state nor international community interests are predetermined or fixed

The central theoretical tenet of constructivism is

states are less likely to go to war when their power is relatively symmetrical to that of their adversaries

The idea behind the balance of power is that

the domino effect

The idea that communist influence would spread from one state to another if not contained was called which of the following?

the invisible hand

The idea that the economic market will work effortlessly and efficiently when individuals pursue their rational self-interest is referred to as __________ at work.

idealism

The idea that war is preventable through the collective action of states is a basic proposition of which theory?

détente

The lessening of tensions between the United States and Soviet Union beginning in the late 1960s is called

colonialism

The settling of people from a home country among indigenous peoples of a distant territory is known as

draws, in part, on history, philosophy, and the scientific method

The study of international relations

international relations

The study of the interactions among the various actors that participate in international politics is

Athens and Sparta

The two great rival states in the Peloponnesian War were

describe, explain, and predict

Theories are designed to help us

the rise of secular authority

What does the period immediately following the Treaties of Westphalia represent to the study of international relations?

Democratic leaders are subject to a wide array of constituents, which reduces the prospects of war.

What explanations do liberal scholars attribute to democratic peace?

the Soviet Union/Russia supported a military UN mission to remove Iraq from Kuwait

When Iraq invaded Kuwait in 1990

nationalism

When a people come to identify with a common past, language, customs, and practices, it is termed

There is no one agreed upon best way to study international relations

Which approach is the absolute best way to study international relations?

locally focused student organizations

Which of the following actors is not part of the focus of international relations?

repeated interactions

Which of the following factors do neoliberal institutionalists think helps foster cooperation?

the potential for cheating

Which of the following factors do neorealists argue makes cooperation between states difficult?

underconsumption by the lower class

Which of the following is a reason radical theorists argue leads rich, capitalist states toward imperial expansion?

Correlates of War project

Which of the following is an example of an application of behavioralism?

The state manages insecurity by building up military strength or making alliances.

Which of the following is argument made by realists?

Since the end of the Cold War, the number of both interstate and intrastate wars has decreased.

Which of the following is true of war today?

the Warsaw Pact

Which of the following was the military alliance that bound states with the Soviet Union during the Cold War?

International institutions provide the structure necessary to facilitate cooperation, but do not necessarily guarantee that states will cooperate

Which statement best explains how neoliberal institutionalists explain state cooperation?

radicalism

Which theory focuses on economic class conflict to explain state behavior?

Each nation used its power capabilities to maintain the status quo

Why did neither Britain nor Russia assume a dominant leadership position in the nineteenth century?

It is in the prisoners' self-interest not to cooperate

Why is cooperation unlikely in the prisoner's dilemma game?

Germany invaded Poland

World War II officially began when

Constructivists

__________ argue that the idea of a fixed international system is not a useful way to approach the study of international relations

Imperialism

__________ is the annexation of distant territory and its inhabitants to an empire.

Behavioralism

__________ proposes that individuals act in patterned ways, which can be studied by empirically testing hypotheses about those patterns.

hypothesis

A specific statement positing a particular relationship between two or more variables is known as a

193

About how many states exist in the world today?

natural law

According to Jean Bodin, sovereignty is not without limits. Which of the following can limit a leader's practice of sovereignty?

capitalism

According to Marxists and other radicals, the "crippling stratification" of the international system is caused by

war

According to realists, __________ is most often responsible for changes in power relationships among states