International Relations FINAL EXAM
Behavioralism
proposes that individuals act in patterned ways
an absence of international authority
Conceiving of the international system as one characterized by anarchy implies that there is
norms can be changed through coercion as well as through discourse
Constructivists argue that
very little
Constructivists like Alexander Wendt argue that material structures, on their own, explain
multilateralism
Coordination among several states is known as
restraint through military, diplomatic, or economic channels
Defensive realists argue that states should pursue policies of
multinational corporations
Dependency theorists attribute primary importance to the role of __________ in exerting control over developing states
containment
During the Cold War, the United States pursued the strategy of __________ vis-à-vis the Soviet Union
after World War II
During which time period did colonialism meet its demise?
dialectical reasoning
Engaging in conversation that leads to the discovery of contradictions in the original assertions and in political reality is known as
Italy was unified
Following the Napoleonic Wars, which of the following political changes occurred?
China saw the revolution coming from the rural peasantry
How did Russia and China's Marxist revolutions differ?
constructivists
In contrast to realists and liberals, __________ argue that the key structures in the international system are not material but instead are social and depend on ideas
normative
In international relations, we refer to the moral aspects of political life as
constructivism
In seeking to explain the 2003 Iraq War, which theory would focus on how discussions of the threat posed by Saddam Hussein were framed?
to enhance developing countries level of development and control over their own resources
In the 1970s, a core group of reformers in developing countries formed the New International Economic Order (NIEO). What was the goal of the NIEO?
Russia
In the balance of power in Europe following the Napoleonic war, which state played the role of "builder of alliances"?
Japan
In the early 1900s, __________, a non-European power, defeated Russia, a European power in a war.
state of nature
In the international system, the states live in what Hobbes called the
can stem from changes in the relative importance of issue areas
In the liberal view, change in the international system
counteracting powerful factions
In the nineteenth century, under the balance-of-power system, states formed alliances on what basis?
pluralistic
International relations is a(n) __________ discipline.
history
International relations was part of which discipline until the early twentieth century?
capitalism, feudalism
After the Thirty Years War, a group of states emerged in both the East and West. The West relied on __________, while the East resorted to __________.
focus on the whole, not the parts
An advantage of system level analysis is a(n)
there are no subnational actors trying to overturn the decision of the government
An essential assumption of realism is that
internal factors
Aristotle concluded that states rise and fall largely due to
constrains state actions
Both radicals and realists argue that the international system
possible
Liberalism posits that cooperation between states is
security interests
Liberals believe that the international system is defined by
Russia
Napoleon's army was defeated after invading which country?
Great Britain, the Soviet Union, and the United States
Near the end of World War II, which three countries led the alliance against Germany?
anarchic; positive
Neoliberal institutionalists and neorealists agree that the international system is __________ in nature, but disagree on the potential for __________ outcomes
having important and independent effects on state actions
Neoliberals see international institutions as
States are reluctant to cooperate even for mutual gain, because their partners may benefit more, gaining additional power to use against them in the future
Neorealists argue that the potential for international cooperation is unlikely given that the structure of the international system makes states focus on their relative power. What do they mean by this?
radicalism
Of the more prominent theoretical approaches, __________ is most concerned with economic class.
realism
Of the more prominent theoretical approaches, __________ is most concerned with power.
periodically fighting a war can intimidate potential rivals into bandwagoning with it
Offensive realists argue that
government legitimacy comes from the consent of the governed
One idea that emerged after the American and French Revolutions was that
nuclear deterrence made neither side willing to start a war
One leading explanation of why the Cold War stayed cold and became the long peace is because
different data may lead to different conclusions
One of the characteristics of the behavioral approach is that
radicals argue that class exploitation occurs in both domestic and international settings
Radicalism draws off some ideas of Karl Marx. This means
economics
Radicalism is rooted in
economics
Radicalism is the only theory that views __________ as the primary ingredient of power.
polarity; stratification
Radicals and realists explain and understand the international system differently. Realists tend to focus on __________ because of its emphasis on power. Radicals explain the international system by focusing on __________.
assume actors are basically rational
Realism and liberalism are similar in that they both
military power
Realists argue power is determined primarily by
state; international system
Realists argue that the __________ is the key unit of analysis in international relations, whereas neorealists argue that the __________ is the key unit of analysis
Advocates of the unipolar system argue that the hegemonic actor is willing to enforce norms that permit the continuation of the system that benefits them
Realists lack a consensus about the relationship between polarity and stability. Which of the following statements best captures this difference of opinion?
women have been absent from international politics
Some feminist theorists argue that
bipolar; multipolar
Some realist scholars argue stability is easier in __________ systems than in __________ systems because if one state engages in disruptive behavior or gains power, the consequences are immediately evident.
political openness
Soviet Premier Mikhail Gorbachev implemented two domestic reforms: glasnost and perestroika. Glasnost refers to
Rwanda and Yugoslavia
The 1990s saw brutal civil wars in
the period between the Napoleonic Wars and the Crimean War
The Concert of Europe refers to what period in history when no major wars among great powers occurred?
Africa
The Congress of Berlin divided __________ between the major powers
The League of Nations lacked political weight, legal instruments, and legitimacy
The League of Nations was designed to prevent all future wars. Why was this intergovernmental organization unable to prevent World War II?
increased tensions between Britain and Germany because the Boers had purchased weapons from Germany
The Second Anglo-Boer War (1899-1902)
Al Qaeda
The September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks were organized and funded by
the notion of sovereignty
The Treaties of Westphalia ended the Thirty Years War (1618-48). Which of the following resulted from this experience?
postmodernists
The __________ seek to deconstruct the basic concepts of the field by searching sources for hidden meanings in the subtext.
constructivists
The __________ trace how ideas shape identities which, in turn, affect international political life.
sovereignty
The authority of a state to govern matters within its own borders free from external interference is known as
Triple Alliance
The balance of power weakened as alliances solidified and, as a result, two alliance camps emerged in the late 1880s. One was the Dual Alliance formed by France and Russia and the other was formed by Germany, Austria, and Italy and known as the
neither state nor international community interests are predetermined or fixed
The central theoretical tenet of constructivism is
states are less likely to go to war when their power is relatively symmetrical to that of their adversaries
The idea behind the balance of power is that
the domino effect
The idea that communist influence would spread from one state to another if not contained was called which of the following?
the invisible hand
The idea that the economic market will work effortlessly and efficiently when individuals pursue their rational self-interest is referred to as __________ at work.
idealism
The idea that war is preventable through the collective action of states is a basic proposition of which theory?
détente
The lessening of tensions between the United States and Soviet Union beginning in the late 1960s is called
colonialism
The settling of people from a home country among indigenous peoples of a distant territory is known as
draws, in part, on history, philosophy, and the scientific method
The study of international relations
international relations
The study of the interactions among the various actors that participate in international politics is
Athens and Sparta
The two great rival states in the Peloponnesian War were
describe, explain, and predict
Theories are designed to help us
the rise of secular authority
What does the period immediately following the Treaties of Westphalia represent to the study of international relations?
Democratic leaders are subject to a wide array of constituents, which reduces the prospects of war.
What explanations do liberal scholars attribute to democratic peace?
the Soviet Union/Russia supported a military UN mission to remove Iraq from Kuwait
When Iraq invaded Kuwait in 1990
nationalism
When a people come to identify with a common past, language, customs, and practices, it is termed
There is no one agreed upon best way to study international relations
Which approach is the absolute best way to study international relations?
locally focused student organizations
Which of the following actors is not part of the focus of international relations?
repeated interactions
Which of the following factors do neoliberal institutionalists think helps foster cooperation?
the potential for cheating
Which of the following factors do neorealists argue makes cooperation between states difficult?
underconsumption by the lower class
Which of the following is a reason radical theorists argue leads rich, capitalist states toward imperial expansion?
Correlates of War project
Which of the following is an example of an application of behavioralism?
The state manages insecurity by building up military strength or making alliances.
Which of the following is argument made by realists?
Since the end of the Cold War, the number of both interstate and intrastate wars has decreased.
Which of the following is true of war today?
the Warsaw Pact
Which of the following was the military alliance that bound states with the Soviet Union during the Cold War?
International institutions provide the structure necessary to facilitate cooperation, but do not necessarily guarantee that states will cooperate
Which statement best explains how neoliberal institutionalists explain state cooperation?
radicalism
Which theory focuses on economic class conflict to explain state behavior?
Each nation used its power capabilities to maintain the status quo
Why did neither Britain nor Russia assume a dominant leadership position in the nineteenth century?
It is in the prisoners' self-interest not to cooperate
Why is cooperation unlikely in the prisoner's dilemma game?
Germany invaded Poland
World War II officially began when
Constructivists
__________ argue that the idea of a fixed international system is not a useful way to approach the study of international relations
Imperialism
__________ is the annexation of distant territory and its inhabitants to an empire.
Behavioralism
__________ proposes that individuals act in patterned ways, which can be studied by empirically testing hypotheses about those patterns.
hypothesis
A specific statement positing a particular relationship between two or more variables is known as a
193
About how many states exist in the world today?
natural law
According to Jean Bodin, sovereignty is not without limits. Which of the following can limit a leader's practice of sovereignty?
capitalism
According to Marxists and other radicals, the "crippling stratification" of the international system is caused by
war
According to realists, __________ is most often responsible for changes in power relationships among states