Intro into Psychology

Research on memory construction reveals that memories:

Research on memory construction reveals that memories:

Most forgetting curves indicate that the course of forgetting is initially rapid, but then it levels off with time. One explanation for the shape of the curves is a(n)

Retroactive interference

_______________ occurs when something you learn now interferes with your ability to recall something you learned earlier.

Retroactive interference

Walid has been working 70-hour work weeks and has been getting his days and nights mixed up as well as having trouble separating his dreams from reality. Just yesterday he thought a project had been completed, but in reality it was only a dream. This problem is known as

Source amnesia

During sleep, the brain reorganizes and _____ information for long-term memory.

consolidates

One important reason why sleep is so important in remembering what one has studied is because during sleep, the brain organizes and _____ newly learned information for long-term memory.

consolidates

Jeremiah is visiting France for the first time. He is touring an old church when suddenly it seems as though he has been in that very spot before. Jeremiah knows that this can't true, but he can't shake the feeling of familiarity that he's experiencing. Jeremiah has just experienced _____.

déjà vu

_____ refers to that eerie sense that "I've experienced this before."

déjà vu

When texting during class, students may fail to _____ lecture details that their more attentive classmates are succeeding in doing so.

encode

The surprising ease with which people form false memories best illustrates that encoding and retrieval involve

memory construction.

_____ occurs when something previously learned interferes with recall of something newly learned.

proactive

During a Spanish language exam, Janice easily remembers the French vocabulary she studied that morning. However, she finds it difficult to recall the Spanish vocabulary she rehearsed that afternoon. Her difficulty best illustrates:

proactive interference.

_______________ occurs when something you learned before interferes with your recall of something you learn later.

proactive interference.

Researchers have found that a major difference between memories derived from real experience versus imagined memories is:

real memories have more detail.

During an American history exam, Marina was surprised and frustrated by her momentary inability to remember the name of the first president of the United States. Her difficulty MOST clearly illustrates _____ failure.

retreivial

While taking an American history exam, Marie was surprised and frustrated by her momentary inability to remember the name of the first president of the United States. Her difficulty most clearly illustrates:

retrieval failure.

After switching dorm rooms and getting a new phone number, Samantha found that it was harder to remember her previous dorm room's phone number. Samantha was experiencing _____ interference.

retroactive

Jerome easily remembers the Japanese vocabulary he studied that afternoon. However, he finds it difficult to remember the Chinese vocabulary he studied that morning. His difficulty BEST illustrates:

retroactive interference.

Events that are forgotten are like books that cannot be found in a library. Which scenario can BEST be used to explain the encoding problem?

The book was never purchased

Events that are forgotten are like books that cannot be found in a library. Which of the following scenarios can BEST be used to explain the retrieval problem

You can't remember the author's name or the title of the book, so you can't look it up.

Which BEST describes the typical forgetting curve?

a rapid, initial decline in retention becoming stable thereafter

Most forgetting curves indicate that the course of forgetting is initially rapid, but then it levels off with time. One explanation for the shape of the curves is a(n):

gradual fading of the physical memory trace.

One of your new patients claims to have been molested and discovered this after going to a hypnotherapist. You know all of the following EXCEPT

hypnotized subjects incorporate suggestions into their memories.

When people repeatedly imagine nonexistent actions and events, they can inadvertently create false memories. For example, in an experiment students are asked to repeatedly imagine breaking a toothpick. Following this, they are more likely to think they have actually broken a toothpick. This is known as:

imagination inflation.

Six-months after a patient committed suicide, your attorney is asking if the patient called you before committing the act. You respond no. Three months later, opposing counsel asks you similar questions and you respond yes, confusing this patient with one of your current patients. This is an example of:

source misattribution.

When you recall an imagined event as something that you directly experienced, or something that really happened to you, you are best illustrating:

source misattribution.

Yancy was sitting in the park one day and witnessed a robbery. When asked by the police to describe the young criminal, Yancy recalled erroneously that the criminal was a teenager rather than a young adult. Yancy's experience best illustrates:

the misinformation effect.

Umberto is struggling to remember a word. He knows that he knows it—he just can't get it "out of his mouth." He is experiencing the _____ phenomenon.

tip-of-the-tongue

Memory construction explains why dating partners who break up _____ their earlier liking of one another.

underestimate

Which is the BEST way to master material for a given test?

use distributed practice