Intro to Anatomy

Defend the following statement: A disruption in the normal cellular division processes of cells within the bone marrow supports the view that all levels of organization within an organism are interdependent.

A disruption of the cellular division process within the bone marrow will result in the production of too few red blood cells (anemia) or too many red blood cells (polycythemia) within the vessels of the cardiovascular system. Anemia will affect the amount of oxygen carried to peripheral tissues, thereby affecting overall metabolism. Polycythemia will produce altered peripheral metabolism due to the "clogging" of blood vessels by the increased number of cells attempting to get through peripheral capillaries.

How does the work of a gross anatomist differ from that of a histology?

A gross anatomist investigates organ systems and their relationships to the body as a whole, while a histologist investigates the structure and properties of tissue.

Histologists study what structures?

A histologist investigates the structure and properties of tissue.

Cross-sectional anatomy is subspecialty of what other anatomical specialty?

Cross-sectional is a subspecialty of gross anatomy.

Label from top to bottom. abdominal cavity pleural cavity pelvic cavity pericardial cavity

pleural cavity pericardial cavity abdominal cavity pelvic cavity

The primary site of blood cell production is within the (A) cardiovascular system (B) skeletal system (C) integumentary system (D) lymphatic system

skeletal system

cytology -- a. study of tissues b. face down c. thoracic and abdominopelvic d. all chemical activity in body e. study of cells f. face up g. constant internal environment h. lower back

study of cells

histology -- a. study of tissues b. face down c. thoracic and abdominopelvic d. all chemical activity in body e. study of cells f. face up g. constant internal environment h. lower back

study of tissues

If a surgeon makes an incision just inferior to the diaphragm, which body cavity will be opened?

The abdominopelvic cavity

A child born with a severe cleft palate may require surgery to repair the nasal cavity and reconstruct the roof of the mouth. Hypothesize what body systems are affected by the cleft palate. Also, studies of other mammals that develop cleft palates have helped us understand the origins and treatment of such problems. Choose what anatomical specialties are involved in identifying and correcting a cleft palate.

The body systems affected would include the digestive, respiratory, and skeletal systems. The anatomical specialties involved include surface anatomy, regional anatomy studies, systemic anatomy, comparative anatomy, and developmental anatomy.

What is differentiation?

The gradual appearance of characteristic cellular specializations during the development, as the result of gene activation or repression.

An analysis of the body system that perfoms crisis management by directing rapid, short-term, and very specific responses would involve the (A) lymphatic system (B) nervous system (C) cardiovascular system (D) endocrine system

nervous system

sagittal plane --

no other name

ventral body cavity -- a. study of tissues b. face down c. thoracic and abdominopelvic d. all chemical activity in body e. study of cells f. face up g. constant internal environment h. lower back

thoracic and abdominopelvic

Illustrate the properties and processes that are associated with all living things.

All living things have the same basic functions: responsiveness, growth and differentiation, reproduction, movement, metabolism, and excretion.

Cyanosis is a medical condition in which the lips and fingertips of an individual turn blue due to lack of adequate delivery of oxygen to tissues. If a patient is exhibiting cyanosis, why must the physician examine the patient's heart in addition to the patient's lungs?

Because of the interaction among organ systems, a patient demonstrating cyanosis may have a problem with his or her lungs, which would cause the intake of insufficient oxygen to the tissues by the blood, which is sent throughout the body by contractions of the heart.

What is the anatomical name for each of the following areas: groin, buttock, hand?

Groin -- inguen Buttock -- gluteus Hand -- manus

Analyze why large organisms must have circulatory systems.

In large organisms with specialized organ systems that perform absorption, respiration, and excretion in different regions of the body, there must be a means of internal transport for these products. Passive processes such as diffusion and osmosis would occur too slowly to permit the organisms to function and remain alive.

What system includes the following structures: sweat glands, nails, and hair follicles?

Integumentary system

What is the general function of the mesenteries?

Mesenteries are double sheets of serous membranes in the peritoneal cavity that provide support and stability for organs (stomach, small intestine, and parts of the large intestine) while permitting limited movement.

What type of section would separate the two eyes?

Midsagittal section

transverse plane --

cross section

How does the study of surgical anatomy differ from the study of clinical anatomy?

Surgical anatomy studies anatomical landmarks important for surgical procedure, while clinical anatomy focuses on anatomical features that may undergo recognizable pathological changes during illness.

Define the concept of an organ?

Tissues in combination form organs. Organs are anatomical units that have multiple functions.

You fall and break your antebrachium. What part of the body is affected?

You broke your forearm.

metabolism -- a. study of tissues b. face down c. thoracic and abdominopelvic d. all chemical activity in body e. study of cells f. face up g. constant internal environment h. lower back

all chemical activity in body

From the following selections, demonstrate your understanding of anatomical terminology by selecting the directional terms equivalent to ventral, posterior, superior, and inferior in the correct sequence. (A) anterior, dorsal, cephalic, caudal (B) dorsal, anterior, caudal, cephalic (C) caudal, cephalic, anterior, posterior (D) cephalic, caudal, posterior, anterior

anterior, dorsal, cephalic, caudal

Which of the following regions corresponds to the arm? (A) cervical (C) femoral (B) brachial (D) pedal

brachial

The major function of the ____ system is the internal transport of nutrients, wastes, and gases. (A) digestive (C) respiratory (B) cardiovascular (D) urinary

cardiovascular

homeostasis -- a. study of tissues b. face down c. thoracic and abdominopelvic d. all chemical activity in body e. study of cells f. face up g. constant internal environment h. lower back

constant internal environment

frontal plane --

coronal plane

Applying the concept of planes of section, how could you divide the body so that the face remains intact? (A) sagittal section (B) coronal section (C) midsagittal section (D) none of the above

coronal section

Which of the following includes only structures enclosed within the mediastinum? (A) lungs, esophagus, heart (B) heart, trachea, lungs (C) esophagus, trachea, thymus (D) pharynx, thymus, major vessels

esophagus, trachea, lungs

prone -- a. study of tissues b. face down c. thoracic and abdominopelvic d. all chemical activity in body e. study of cells f. face up g. constant internal environment h. lower back

face down

Match each numbered item with the most closely related lettered item. Use letters for answers in the spaces provided. supine -- a. study of tissues b. face down c. thoracic and abdominopelvic d. all chemical activity in body e. study of cells f. face up g. constant internal environment h. lower back

face up

lumbar -- a. study of tissues b. face down c. thoracic and abdominopelvic d. all chemical activity in body e. study of cells f. face up g. constant internal environment h. lower back

lower back