Intro to Business Chapter 10

punishments.

Reprimands, pay reductions, and suspensions are all examples of:

Lower order needs such as physiological needs must be met before higher order needs.

When Anna's manager sees her coming through the front door, he is greatly relieved. He knows that the tasks he has planned for the day will not need to be adjusted. Anna's work productivity and performance on the job are very good. Recently, her ability to get to work on time has affected her job performance. Anna's supervisor has documented a number of unrelated health issues that have prevented Anna from being to work on time. If Maslow were still alive, which of the following statements would he likely share with the supervisor?

Employees are like machines that must be programmed to perform in a certain way

Which of the following statements is the best description of how scientific management viewed employees?

Type J.

William Ouchi called the management approach typically used by Japanese firms:

scientific management

A basic idea of ___________ was to conduct time-motion studies to find the best way to perform each task, then teach people to use these methods.

Interesting work, growth opportunity, Earned recognition

According to Herzberg, which of the following groups of motivational factors would give employees the most satisfaction?

becomes a source of motivation after lower order needs are satisfied.

According to Maslow, a higher order need:

use time-motion studies to find the best method of doing each job, then teach those methods to employees.

According to the principles of scientific management, the best way to improve productivity is to:

Theory X and Theory Y.

Douglas McGregor described two very different sets of managerial attitudes about employees, which he called:

believe the reward they receive fairly compensates them for their efforts when compared to others in similar positions.

Equity theory states that employees will perform well if they:

job content.

Herzberg found that factors that provided the highest level of motivation were mostly associated with:

was a hygiene factor rather than a motivator.

Herzberg found that good pay:

hygiene

Herzberg's research identified several ___________ factors that did not necessarily motivate employees if they were increased, but could cause employees to become dissatisfied if they were missing or inadequate.

enlargement

Job ___________ combines a series of tasks into one assignment that is more challenging, interesting, and motivating.

Frank and Lillian Gilbreth.

Management by objectives was developed by:

were more productive than other employees regardless of the level of lighting.

The Hawthorne studies found that employees in the experimental group:

Elton Mayo

The Hawthorne studies were conducted by ____________ and his colleagues from Harvard University.

maintain equity between inputs and outputs compared to people in similar positions.

The basic principle of equity theory is that employees try to:

Abraham Maslow.

The concept that a hierarchy of human needs could be used to explain motivation was developed by:

the human side of motivation

The findings of the Hawthorne studies led researchers to look more closely at how ____________ could lead to better productivity.

the level of illumination that was associated with optimum productivity.

The original goal of the Hawthorne studies was to determine:

job rotation.

The practice of moving employees from one job to another to make work more interesting is called:

Hawthorne effect.

The tendency for people to behave differently when they know they are being studied is known as the:

X

Theory ___ managers see employees as having a general dislike for work and an unwillingness to accept responsibility.

Y

Theory ____ assumes that the average person likes work, and has a relatively high degree of imagination and creativity.

Job enrichment

________ emphasizes motivating the worker through the characteristics of the job itself.

Douglas McGregor

________ used the terms Theory X and Theory Y to describe different attitudes managers have about employees.

Theory Z

_________ blends Japanese and American management practices into a hybrid approach which calls for long-term employment, collective decision making, and individual responsibility for the outcome of decisions.

Reinforcement

_________ theory is based on the idea that managers can use both rewards and punishments to motivate employee behavior.

Frederick Taylor

_________________ was the father of scientific management.