intro to college biology: Ch. 3
Evidence supports a similar process for the origin of the energy organelles, the ____ that carry out photosynthesis and the ____ that carry out cellular respiration.
chloroplasts & mitochondria
Tay-Sachs is often referred to as a lysosomal storage disorder because it prevents the function of lysosomal _____, such as beta-hexosaminidase.
enzymes
The organelle that contains the genetic material in a eukaryotic cell is called the....
nucleus
Vesicles that function in the metabolism of fatty acids and contain an enzyme to break down the hydrogen peroxide byproduct of this metabolism, are called ____.
peroxisomes
Which cellular process occurs within chloroplasts?
photosynthesis
The ____ membrane separates the cytoplasm from the surrounding environment and regulates the passage of molecules into and out of the cell.
plasma OR cell
True or false: Both plant and animal cells contain organelles.
true
Which two statements are part of the cell theory?
All organisms are made up of cells & All cells come from pre-existing cells.
The smooth ER synthesizes primarily ____ molecules while the rough ER is involved with the production of _____ molecules.
lipid, protein
Which theory states that all organisms are made up of cells that are capable of self-reproduction and come only from preexisting living cells?
cell theory
The material that is common to the cell walls of plants and algae is called...
cellulose
Which of these materials are found in the cell walls of fungi?
chitin
According to endosymbiotic theory, organelles specific to plants called ____, probably evolved from cyanobacterial ancestors.
chloroplast
The process of photosynthesis occurs within organelles called...
chloroplasts
The filaments labeled with the letter A make up the
cytoskeleton
The filaments labeled with the letter A make up the...
cytoskeleton
The nuclear envelope and endoplasmic reticulum are components of the
endomembrane system.
True or false: The main characteristic that distinguishes a eukaryotic cell from a prokaryotic cell is a cell wall.
false
The small structures within the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell that perform specific functions are called...
organelles
The rough endoplasmic reticulum is studded with:
ribosomes
One meter is equal to how many centimeters (cm)?
100
Which of these organelles contains the genetic material in a eukaryotic cell?
Nucleus
The smallest structure capable of performing all the basic functions of life is the
cell
Due to a mutation in the HEXA gene, a substance called GM2, normally present in the tissues and nerve cells of the brain, accumulates there. This mutation mainly effects enzymes associated with which organelle in an affected individuals' cells?
lysosomes
The main cellular structure that regulates the movement of materials into and out of the cell is the...
plasma membrane
One micrometers (μm) is equal to how many nanometers (nm)?
1000
Mitochondria use carbohydrates to produce:
ATP
The molecule produced by cellular respiration that is used to fuel energy dependent cellular reactions is...
ATP
Which molecule is used to fuel all energy dependent cellular processes?
ATP
Which of the following are functions of the cytoskeleton? (Mark all that apply)
Aids in cell division,Cellular structural support, & Intracellular transport
Cells in which two domains lack a membrane-bound nucleus?
Archaea and Eubacteria
Which enzyme found within the peroxisome functions to degrade hydrogen peroxide?
Catalase
The internal framework of the cell, which consists of microtubules, actin filaments, and intermediate filaments is collectively referred as the...
Cytoskeleton
Which of these cells have a membrane bound nucleus?
Eukaryotes only
Which of the following are components of the endomembrane system? (Mark all that apply)
The nuclear envelope, Endoplasmic reticulum, Vesicles, & Golgi apparatus
Select all examples of cells that are prokaryotic.
bacterial cell & archaeal cell
The basic unit of living organisms, which can carry out all of the necessary functions of life is the ...
cell
Which two eukaryotic organelles function to convert energy into a form that cells can use?
mitochondria, chloroplasts