Intro to Computing Chapter 2: Hardware

Put the steps of the information processing cycle in the correct order, with the first step at the top.

(1) input (2) processing (3) output (4) storage

The four basic functions of a computer are to:

1 - accept data input 2 - process data into information 3 - present output 4 - provide storage

Gigabyte (GB)

1 billion bytes

Megabyte (MB)

1 million bytes

Terabyte (TB)

1 trillion bytes

Petabyte (PB)

1,000 terabytes

Personal computer CPU clock speeds range between ____.

1-4 gigahertz

The following characteristics of a tablet computer.

1.) Tablet computers are highly portable, have a smaller operating system (OS), and include a touchscreen 2.)Highly portable 3.)Smaller OS (usually) 4.)Touchscreen is primary input

The following are not a feature of a tablet computer

1.) You cannot upgrade RAM in a tablet computer. Tablet computers do not include a terabyte (TB) of storage. 2.)Most allow you to upgrade RAM 3.)Includes a terabyte (TB) or more of storage.

Click 3 characteristics of desktop computers.

1.)Desktops allow for relatively easy upgrade and expansion. 2.)Desktops are often used in offices since they do not need to be mobile. 3.)Desktops use a full OS.

Kilobyte (KB)

1000 bytes

Sometimes called a convertible laptop, a type of laptop that has a removable, or concealed keyboard as well as a touchscreen so that it can be used as a tablet is called a(n) ___

2-in-1

Processors typically have a word size of either ___ or ___.

32 bits; 64 bits

Which two of the following items are commonly included when you purchase a Windows PC laptop computer with a solid-state hard drive?

A universal serial bus (USB) port An operating system

Some computers use _____ , an 8-bit coding scheme to represent characters in a binary format.

ASCII

Which two of the following are correct statements regarding all-in-one computers?

All-in-one computers house every component except the keyboard and mouse inside the same case as the monitor. An all-in-one computer is a stationary device with a separate keyboard and mouse. The motherboard is housed behind the monitor.

Fetch

An instruction is obtained from memory

Which two of the following statements are true about Unicode?

Capable of representing 26 uppercase and lowercase letters used in the English language, numbers, and many different symbols. 16 bit (minimum) encoding standard

Which of the following computers might contain a traditional (magnetic) hard drive?

Dell desktop computer

Select two characteristics of a solid-state drive (SSD).

Extremely fast No moving parts

The amount of space a device takes up on a desk or table is referred to as its _____.

Footprint

Intel

Founded in 1968, this is the world's largest designer of computer chips. Its i5, i7, and i9 chips dominate the personal computer market.

AMD

Founded in 1969, this company's technology is featured inside most gaming consoles including the PS5

Nvidia

Founded in 1993, produces popular mobile device processors.

Which two of the following are computers?

Gaming console Smartphone

IrDA stands for the________ Data Association which establishes the protocols for infrared communication transfer.

Infrared

T.V. remotes use ___ signals.

Infrared

The connector and port developed for Apple devices such as iPhones and iPads is called _____.

Lightning

Which important process is performed by the CPU?

Machine cycle

The devices shown in the image (iPod, Chromecast, Roku, etc.) are referred to as Personal ___ Players

Media

L1 cache

Memory located directly on the processor itself

L3 cache

Memory located next to the processor

Disk cache

Memory used to increase a hard drive's efficiency

Which three of the following are commonly associated with laptop computers?

Mobile Full operating system Integrated keyboard, monitor, and touchpad

Which two of the following responses best define the term "resolution" in output devices?

Number of pixels in a display Quality of the image

___ can damage a processor if not properly executed. It will also void your warranty.

Overclocking

IPOS refers to the four basic computing functions. IPOS stands for Input, ___, Output, and Storage.

Processing

The person in the image is installing ____ into a laptop computer.

RAM

____ is actually storage since it retains data and information when the power has been turned off.

ROM (Read-Only Memory)

Select the items that are commonly found in a traditional hard drive.

Stores data magnetically Platter Read/write head

Which two of the following are used for measuring typical hard drive capacities for personal computers?

Terabytes Gigabytes

Which two of the following statements are correct regarding the CPU?

The CPU is integrated into a chip called a microprocessor. The CPU is located on the motherboard of the computer.

Decode

The instructions are converted into something the computer can understand

Execute

The processor completes the instruction

Store

The results are placed in memory before the next instruction is executed

Checking the hard drive on a device running Windows 10 can be done using the _____ app.

This PC

Many computers today use _____, which is a coding scheme using at least 16 bits to represent a character.

Unicode

Which three of the following are external storage devices? Multiple select question.

Universal serial bus (USB) drive Optical (DVD) drive External hard drive

Which of the following are characteristics of a traditional hard drive?

Uses magnetically charged plates to store data Commonly found in desktop computers

Popular in the 1990s, the blue port in the image is used to connect computers to monitors or televisions. It is a(n):

VGA

A stationary (non-mobile) computer that combines the power of a desktop with a neat, clean, look is a(n):

all-in-one

Devices that integrate the computer case (chassis) and system components into the monitor, but have an external keyboard and mouse are called ___ computers

all-in-one

A hole in a punchcard, a transistor on a circuit board, or the reflective element on a digital versatile disc (DVD) each represents the smallest unit of data storage called a ___.

bit

The smallest unit of storage is called a_____ . It is the data held or processed by a single transistor.

bit

The loading of an operating system into the main memory of a device is called the__________ process.

boot

Data flows between different parts of the computer via _____ .

buses

Memory and________ hold data used by processors.

cache

The amount of instructions the CPU can process per second is dictated by the ___

clock

A digital device that accepts input, processes and stores the input, and provides output is a ____.

computer

Screen size is measured_________ from one corner of the screen to the other.

diagonally

Memory, such as RAM or cache, is __ and has no moving parts.

electronic (solid state)

A computer that is integrated (is a part of) with a larger device, such as a programmable thermostat, is called a(n) _________ computer. It has a real-time operating system (RTOS).

embedded

Sold in categories such as CAT5e (enhanced) or CAT6, or CAT7 cable is commonly used for connecting devices in a network. These are commonly called________ cables.

ethernet

Most tablets have solid-state drive (SSD) capacities measured in terabytes (TBs).

false

A protocol commonly used to transfer large files from one server to another on the Internet is the ___.

file transfer protocol (FTP)

Typical SSD capacities for tablet computers or smartphones are measured in _____.

gigabytes

The output of a computer that creates a visual image is called ___.

graphics

Magnetically charged particles on spinning disks are how traditional_____drives store data.

hard

The physical parts of a computer such as the system unit (like the tower unit shown) or a monitor are referred to as computer _________

hardware

The physical parts of a computer, such as the monitor, keyboard, mouse, and system unit are called computer ___ .

hardware

Because they have no moving parts, solid-state drives (SSDs) costs tend to be ___.

higher

Memory, such as a computer's RAM ___

holds data and programs being used by the processor.

A multicore processor has the ability to execute two or more sets of instructions at the same time. This is called _____.

hyperthreading

The largest chip designing and manufacturing company in the world is ___

intel

A mobile hinged computer with an integrated keyboard that uses a full operating system is called a notebook or a ____ computer.

laptop

Because a metal platter is physically spinning, hard drives have ___ .

longer access times

Fetch, decode, execute, and store are steps of the _____ cycle.

machine

While not designed to solve complex technical formulas, a computer that is more powerful than a server computer, and used by organizations to process large numbers of transactions simultaneously is called a ________

mainframe

In an all-in-one computer, such as the one pictured in the image, the motherboard is housed behind the _______

monitor

The system unit of a computer houses the computer's main circuit board. This circuit board, which holds the CPU, is called the __________

motherboard

Cache contains frequently accessed data and is ___.

much smaller than computer's RAM

High-Definition_________ Interface is a standard interface for audio-video connectivity which allows for the transmission of high-definition audio and video signals.

multimedia

The actual number of pixels in a monitor is called ___.

native resolution

When a computer is shut down, the information in the memory (the RAM, the caches, the registers) is ___.

not saved

Changing processor setting so that computer runs faster than recommended by the manufacturer is called_______

overclocking

The Apple iPod, Google Chromecast, Amazon Kindle Fire and Roku are examples of _____ Media Players

personal

All computations and activities in a digital device are conducted by the ___

processor

A set of rules for communication between devices that determine how data are transmitted and received is called a

protocol

Digital device manufactures include separate chips of storage (nonvolatile) that contain instructions not designed to be rewritten or removed. An example of these instructions includes the basic input-output system (BIOS). This type of storage is separate from the hard drive and is referred to as__________ -only memory (ROM).

read

The quality of a display screen, as defined by its number of pixels, is called its _______

resolution

The_________ of monitors and other display devices is measured in pixels.

resolution

A computer system in a network that is shared by multiple users is called a ___

server

A processor with one control unit and one arithmetic logic unit (ALU) is called a ____.

single-core processor

Data from the hard drive reaches the CPU ___ than data from the RAM.

slower

Devices allowing the retention of data, when your computer has been shut down, for future use are called __.

storage

The most powerful computers,____________ , can evaluate complex data very quickly. Many of these computers in the United States are owned by the government or major research institutions and can cost $1 million dollars or more.

supercomputers

The location of the computer's ___ unit, which houses a computer's motherboard, depends on the type of computer. For example, in this laptop, it is located under the keyboard.

system

Because they are inexpensive and reliable ___ have become extremely popular storage devices.

thumbdrives (USB or flash drives)