Intro to Mass Media: Radio

NBC

1926, affiliated with independent stations and gave them time slots, centralized costs and programming

option time

CBS paid stations to air on their station in a certain time slot

CBS

Columbia Broadcasting System

format radio

DJs control the programming each hour

Public Broadcasting Act of 1967

NPR and PBS allowed to provide alternatives to commercial broadcasting

PBR

Pabst Blue Ribbon

Frank Conrad

Pittsburgh guy who became the first DJ in his garage, established KDKA

David Sarnoff

RCA's first commercial manager, created NBC, made deals with GM and Victor Talking Machine Company

RCA

Radio Corporation of America, gave the US a major monopoly over broadcasting

Radio Corporation of America (RCA)

a government-approved radio company that monopolized the wireless industry (an example of a private sector monopoly) - gave the US almost total control over the broadcasting

Radio Act of 1912

addressed the problem of amateur radio operators cramming the airwaves - required a license to be on the air

Radio Act of 1927

allowed FRC to oversee licenses and negotiate channel assignments, assigns call letters to identify stations

Webcaster Settlement Act

allowed Internet radio providers to negotiate royalties with the music industries

War of the Worlds

broadcast about Martian invasion that created panic and caused stricter regulations on programs imitating news style

AT&T's betrayal

broke agreement with RCA, began to produce "wireless telephones" in an attempt to monopolize radio, started WEAF (WNBC)

FM radio

discovered and developed by Edwin Armstrong, greater fidelity and clarity than AM

Telecommunications Act of 1996

eliminated most radio and television station ownership rules, some dating back more than fifty years

Communications Act of 1934

establishes FCC to replace the FRC, supports a system of advertising-supported commercial broadcasting

KDKA

first commercial broadcast station

NPR and PBS

first noncommercial networks

radio telegraphy

first real radio transmission of dots and dashes

Reginald Fessenden

first voice broadcast

Nikola Tesla

invented a wireless system, deemed the inventor of radio

rotation

playing the top songs many times during the day, led to the birth of the top 40

Heinrich Hertz

proved Maxwell's theories demonstrate the existence of radio waves

Amos 'n' Andy

racist radio show that was the most popular comedy of the 1930s, created the idea of the serial show

listeners today are different because...

radio has become a secondary medium, peak listening time is during drive time, stations are more specialized

Nathan B. Stubblefield

real inventor of the radio but forgot to patent his invention which could transmit voice and music on a radio transmission

Guglielmo Marconi

received a patent on wireless telegraphy in England and invented the wireless

Wireless Ship Act of 1910

required US ships to be equipped with wireless equipment with a 100-mile range

toll broadcasting

selling ads on broadcasting channels

Morse code

series of dots and dashes that stood for letters in the alphabet, interrupted electronic current

transistors

small electrical devices that could receive and amplify radio signals, made radio portable, let to creation of small pocket radios

NBC-blue

the NBC radio group, affiliates paid NBC to carry its programs, created a monopoly, sold and became the American Broadcasting Company (ABC)

NBC-red

the original NBC telephone group

James Maxwell

theorized the existence of electromagnetic waves

broadcasting

transmission over part of the electromagnetic spectrum

1934 Communications Act

tried to set aside 25% of radio for nonprofits