Intro to Meteorology Final Exam
Climate change will impact agricultural production. which of the following global regions will have the most negative impact when it comes to agricultural yields?
African countries
which three months have the highest average number of tornadoes in the united states
April, may, june
In the northern hemisphere (Atlantic), what three months do most hurricanes occur
August, September, October
Tornado Alley is located in the ___
Central Plains
Precipitation is most likely to occur along both sides of this front boundary
Cold Front
According to a trend forecast, using the map below of today's weather, the temperature in Crete NE will likely be _______ tomorrow.
Colder
How does climate change affect hurricane?
Increased warming of the oceans are predicted to increase the number and intensity of hurricanes
earth's historical climate included ___________ which were warmer periods between glacial advances
Interglacial periods
which of the hurricanes below caused the most destruction and loss of life in the United States since 1980
Katrina
This event occurred over Europe during the 15th and 19th century where the climate cooled by an average of approximately .75 degree Celsius
Little Ice age
this type of thunderstorm is a long-lived thunderstorm and contains a circular cluster of thunderstorms identified by satellites
Mesoscale Convection Complex (MCC)
This type of front is a complex frontal system that forms when a cold front overtakes a warm front
Occluded front
Which type of front is represented with the color pink, half semi circles and triangles alternating
Occluded front
This air pollutant is monitored by the EPA and includes organic and inorganic particles such as dust and smoke, that are emitted from places such as constriction sites, unpaved roads, fields, and fires
Particulate matter (PM)
this station below indicates that cloud cover is (half shaded circle)
Partly cloudy (1/2 cloud cover)
What type of forecast uses the logic that if a rain event is occurring now, then in the next hour or so it is still likely to be raining or overcast
Persistence Forecast
We can make a statement now that there is a 40% chance that Lincoln, NE will experience a white Christmas this year (1' of snow or more on the ground.) What type of forecast is this
Probability forecase
The cloud identified below occurs at the forefront of some multicellular thunderstorms, and is located close to the ground in a circular shape. What cloud?
Roll Cloud
A local news channel shows a seven-day weather outlook. What range of forecasts is the news channel showing?
Short and medium-range forecast
Which range of forecast is likely to be the most accurate
Short-range forecast
True of False: Geographic information Systems (GIS/ESRI) has created a database for all tornado outbreaks in the United States between 1980 and 2012.
True
True of False: high and low weather systems usually travel from west to east across the United States
True
True or False: 21st century weather forecasting relies primarily on computer systems that can manage and predict weather events from a huge amount of data sets
True
True or False: Air density is associated with temperature
True
What country has the most tornadoes
United States
what was the name of the tropical storm system that occurred in 2001, never reaching hurricane status but caused around 8.5 billion dollars in flood damage
allison
similar to storm systems in the Midwest, squall lines in the tropics originates_____________
along cold front boundaries
this cloud shape forms at the very top forefront of a multicellular thunderstorm formation.
anvil
during hurricane formation, warm, moist air rises in an area of low pressure and forms rain clouds, What happens next
as the warm air rises, new air rushes in at the surface level, is warmed by the warm temperature, and also ruse bringing more moisture into the system
This shape of storm occurs in a squall line thunderstorm, when strong winds push forward a center position of the storm, to form a slight bend in the squall line
bow echo
which greenhouse gas the most abundant
carbon dioxide
which of the following gases has the longest residence time in the troposphere
carbon dioxide (CO2)
which of the following is not considered a greenhouse gas
carbon monoxide (CO)
in the United States, this act strengthened air quality emission standards and reduced auto emission by banning leaded gasoline
clear air act of 1990
Winds around high pressure systems blow ______________
clockwise
During a ________ front, warm air is pushed upward as cold air moves through
cold
a conditionally unstable atmospheric environment is best represented by
cold, dry, air, aloft, over warm, moist air
the area within the predicted path of hurricane, based upon numerous models is called then ____________
cone of uncertainty
in this state of an ordinary cell thunderstorm, a parcel of warm, humid air rises, cools and condenses into a cloud
cumulus stage
As a low pressure system moves through an area, air pressure will likely _______
decrease than increase
from 2005 to 2015 tornado false alarm rates have
decreased slightly
the classification of an intra-storm system that results in straight-line wind gusts sustaining 58 mph and occurring along a path greater than 250 miles is referred to as a
derecho
during this stage of an ordinary cell thunderstorm, updrafts of warm, moist air are no longer occurring
dissipating state
in the united states, which region is likely to sudden the most from acid deposition (acid rain)
eastern united states
The area of a hurricane where the lowest surface pressure is found is the
eye
this component of a hurricane is the ring of intense thunderstorms that whirl around the storm's center. This component includes the storm's heaviest precipitin and strongest winds
eyewall
True or False: According to an article discussed in class, The National Weather Service Forecasters are providing more advanced notice for tornadoes compared to five years ago
false
true or false: heavy precipitation typically occurs at the base of a tornado
false
true or false: people located in the midwest will be impacted the most by rising sea levels
false
In the northern hemisphere, as hurricanes approach higher latitudes they tend to move _______ and travel _____________
faster, north/north east
A storm of tropical origin with sustained winds at least 74 mph is called ____________
hurricane
which greenhouse has has the highest relative heat-trapping ability per unit
hydrochlorofluorocarbons
which of the following was the earliest documented policy to reduce air pollution?
in 1273 King Edward of England outlawed the burning of sea coal
A large city located in which topographical features will most likely suffer from smog
in a valley
Storms are mostly associated with ______________ pressure systems
low
In a supercell thunderstorm, this is described as the single violently rotating updraft
mesocyclone
which greenhouse gas is associated with cattle
methane
This phenomenon of extreme downdrafts can be extremely dangerous to air plane travel around thunderstorms. However, advanced detection systems of this phenomenon have reduced air plane crashes since the 1990s
microbursts
around 78% of earth's atmosphere is __________
nitrogen
The inside of a warm front typically has ________
no precipitation
this type of thunderstorm completes its life cycle in three states 1) cumulus stages 2) mature state 3) dissipating stage
ordinary cell thunderstorms
which greenhouse gas is made up of three oxygen atoms
ozone
Although tidal rise can vary by storm system, generally, there is a ______ between hurricane category and tidal rise
positive correlation
Which of the following would NOT be a biological indicator for climate change
precipitin levels decreasing in subtropical latitudes
when conducting research, these types of sources are first-hand account of a weather event, either directly from a reporting agency (NOAA) or from reporters on the ground during a storm
primary
using an ice bore to analyze air bubbles from the past to determine historic atmosphere composition would be described as using a
proxy indicator
what is considered the "fuel" behind the thunderstorms
rising, warm, moist air
When conducting research, these types of sources are second-hand accounts of weather events. For example, textbooks or websites discussing historical events, but were not present during the event itself
secondary
harmful atmosphere pollutants that are produced when pollutants interact with each and/or sunlight in the atmosphere are called __________
secondary pollutatns
this type of thunderstorm formation usually occurs along the lines of a cold front, or in some instances, directly ahead of the front
squall-line thunderstorm
This type of front has essentially no air movement and is drawn by an alternating blue and red line with red semi circles and blue triangles
stationary front
this type of thunderstorm formation is most likely associated with tornado formation
supercell thunderstorm
which of the following is LEAST likely to be explained by global climate change
the gulf of Mexico's dead zone becoming larger
Which of the statements below best explain why most tropical storms develop between 23.5 degrees north and 23.5 degrees south
this region contains the warmest water
Relatively weak thunderstorms that pose no threat to potential damage, but include slight amounts of lightning and thunder, are called
thundershowers
In the northern hemisphere, where do tropical storms develop
to the east of tropical waves
A line of low pressure that causes air convergence is called a _________
tropical or easterly wave
A storm system in the tropics that has sustained winds of 73 ,ph or less is called a
tropical storm
True of False: the average frequency of identified and documented tornadoes have increase from the 1950s to today
true
True or False: A hurricane and typhoon are both names for a tropical cyclone
true
True or False: Air quality in the United States has improved after passage of the Clean Air acts (1963, 1970, 1990)
true
True or False: Predicting hurricane movement and intensity has become more advanced in recent times due to better computer models and tools to collect weather data
true
True or False: poorer nations and marginalized communities are likely to suffer more from climate change as opposed to developed countries and more affluent communities
true
True or False: special airplanes can fly into hurricanes to collect atmospheric data
true
True or False: the levels of carbon dioxide and methane in the atmosphere are higher today compared to the last 800,000 years
true
typically when a hurricane moves across areas of land it will
weaken in intensity
What direction do hurricanes in the North Pacific and Atlantic generally move, especially when in lower latitudes near the equator
west
although hurricane speeds can vary, typical hurricanes move speeds between _____ to ____ mph
10-35
According to the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale, what is the highest category of hurricane reaching wind speeds above 157 mph and causing catastrophic damage
5
The most intense tornado, described according to storm damage and wind intensity, is described as a _______ on the EF scale
5
Which term most appropriately describes the array of changes in aspects of earth's climate, such as temperatures, precipitin and storm frequency and intensity
Global climate change
what effect causes hurricanes in the northern hemisphere to rotate counterclockwise and hurricanes in the Southern Hemisphere to rotate clockwise
Coriolis Force
This scale measures tornado intensity based on 28 wind damage indicators.
Enhanced Fuijita Scale
what type of forecast finds the average of multiple forecast models to determine the most likely weather event
Ensemble forecast
True or False: A watch indicates that severe weather is happening now, while a warning indicates that conditions are right for the potential of severe weather
False