intro to micro

Microorganisms are useful in the study of higher life forms for which of the following reasons?

-Microorganisms are cheaper to study. -Microorganisms multiply quickly. -Microorganisms have the same basic metabolic mechanisms. -Microorganisms have the same fundamental genetic properties.

example of eukaryotes

Fungi Helminths Protozoa Algae

Which defines spontaneous generation? Multiple choice question.

Life arose from non-living matter

_______ is credited with disproving spontaneous generation using broth in swan-neck flasks

Louis Pasteur

Why do microorganisms serve as important models for study of higher organisms?

Microorganisms have the same fundamental metabolic and genetic properties as other organisms

The concept of living things arising from vital forces in non-living or decomposing materials was known as which of the following?

Spontaneous generation

Why were Louis Pasteur's experiments with swan-necked flasks so important in helping disprove the theory of spontaneous generation?

They ended arguments that a "vital force" was necessary for spontaneous generation, while preventing contamination from microbes in the air.

manufactured by microbial fermentation

beer, cheese, yogurt

Atoms achieve a more stable state via the formation of chemical ______.

bonds

Cell walls of plants, fungi, and bacteria are made primarily of ______.

carbohydrates

Peptidoglycan is found in the ______.

cell walls of bacteria

the study of matter is

chemistry

Technically speaking, viruses are not microorganisms because they are not ______.

composed of cells

A chemical bond that involves the sharing of pairs of electrons between two atoms is a

covalent bond

Matter is categorized into , which are substances that have unique chemical properties and cannot be broken down by ordinary chemical means.

elements

Tyndall and Cohn's experiments in the 1870s showed the presence of a heat-resistant form of bacteria called

endospore

The work of John Tyndall and Ferdinand Cohn

explained why some spontaneous generation investigators got different results from those of Pasteur

What does the scientific name of an organism include?

genus and species

The principle that microorganisms cause certain diseases is called the

germ theory of disease

A testable explanation for an observation is called

hypothesis

macromolecules that are not very soluble in polar substances like water.

lipids

Organisms that populate the human body and which protect it from disease are termed normal .

microbiota

The Germ Theory of Disease states that ______.

microorganisms cause certain diseases

Compared to the range of types of plants and animals, microbes as a group are

more diverse

what carry genetic information?

nucleic acids

any disease-causing microorganism

pathogen

disease-causing organisms

pathogens

Most bacteria have rigid cell walls that contain a unique compound called .

peptidoglycan

Archaea, like bacteria, are single-celled ____ that divide via the process of ____ ____

prokaryotes binary, fission

Amino acids are joined together to form macromolecules called

proteins

Algae and protozoa are also referred to as

protists

Without microorganisms, substances required for human life such as O2 and organic nitrogen would

run out

What is the only shared feature of all microbes?

small size

Isotopes are elements with ______

the same atomic number but different mass numbers

True or false: Microorganisms produce the materials required to make new cells by converting one set of chemicals to another. True false question.

true

We could not survive without microorganisms, but they can also be harmful.

true

The microbial world includes three main agents that cannot reproduce independently and are thus considered non-living

virus, viroid, prion

acellular infectious agents

viruses, viroids ,prions

aqueous solution

water is the solvent

Which of the following are microscopic fungi?

yeasts and molds

Without microorganisms, we would run out of certain nutrients

true

Unlike the term microorganism, the word microbe also includes ______

viruses

In what ways are archaea similar to bacteria?

-prokaryotic cell structure -energy sources used -shapes and sizes -method of multiplication