Intro to Pharmacology- Davis Edge

The LPN/LVN is providing care for a patient who states, "I prefer to have drugs that have been used for a long period; I think they are safer." Which statement by the LPN/LVN would be most appropriate? 1."Clinical trials are initiated to determine human safety." 2.'Testing on animals is sufficient to ensure human safety." 3."As a drug is used more frequently in a population, it becomes less effective with time." 4."An old drug is discontinued every time a new drug is released."

1. "Clinical trials are initiated to determine human safety."

The LPN/LVN is providing care for a patient with multiple health issues requiring medications. The patient states, "I wish we would go back to just using natural plant medicines because they work so well." Which explanation would the LPN/LVN understand to be a deterrent factor to the patient's statement? 1.Natural plant availability is a limitation to meet the demand for medications. 2.Mining of minerals and other substances is expensive and environmentally damaging. 3.Herbal supplements are approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to ensure quality and effectiveness. 4.Plant-derived medications are culturally based and classified as home remedies.

1. Natural plant availability is a limitation to meet the demand for medications.

The RN instructs the LPN/LVN to give a specific prophylactic drug to a patient scheduled for a minor invasive procedure. For which reason would the LPN/LVN anticipate this medication being prescribed? 1.The patient had a complete knee replacement 3 weeks previously. 2.The patient has the manifestations associated with gastric reflux disease. 3.The patient is admitted to acute care for exacerbation of congestive heart failure. 4.The patient is postoperative for surgical removal of a thyroid tumor.

1. The patient had a complete knee replacement 3 weeks previously.

A patient asks the LPN/LVN why so many drugs are created in a laboratory when they are naturally available. Which answer(s) by the LPN/LVN would be correct? Select all that apply. 1."The process preserves natural resources." 2."Some diseases can be transferred from animals to humans." 3."The extra expense of synthesized drugs is warranted by drug safety." 4."The anticipated ability to use DNA will increase drug effectiveness." 5."The approval process for laboratory created drugs is shorter."

1."The process preserves natural resources." 2."Some diseases can be transferred from animals to humans."

Which information about the development of drugs in the 20th century would the LPN/LVN identify as being true? Select all that apply. 1.A belief developed that new drugs are better than older treatments. 2.Researchers studied plants, farm animals, and microorganisms. 3.Partially synthesized drugs were made exclusively by combining natural elements. 4.Totally synthesized medications were created by combining two or more pure chemicals. 5.Genetic engineering produces small amounts of drugs from large amounts of natural substances.

1.A belief developed that new drugs are better than older treatments. 4.Totally synthesized medications were created by combining two or more pure chemicals.

The LPN/LVN is aware that the bioavailability of a drug is based on multiple factors. Which factor(s) would be included? Select all that apply. 1.Fat or liquid solubility 2.Medical diagnosis 3.Depth of breathing 4.Presence of food 5.Development of a fever

1.Fat or liquid solubility 3.Depth of breathing 4.Presence of food

The LPN/LVN is aware of the drug cycle that begins with administration of a drug. Which factor(s) would influence the amount of time needed to complete the drug cycle of a drug? Select all that apply. 1.Overall health of the patient's organs 2.Whether the drug is generic or brand name 3.The route of administration of the drug 4.Characteristics of the administered drug 5.The patient's diagnosis and prognosis

1.Overall health of the patient's organs 3.The route of administration of the drug 4.Characteristics of the administered drug

An LPN/LVN is relocating to another state. Which medication administration method(s) would most likely be found outside the LPN/LVN scope of practice? Select all that apply. 1.The administration of intravenous (IV) push medications 2.Administer medications through a central line 3.The total management of administrating IV fluids 4.Administer intradermal and subcutaneous medication 5.Monitor fluid administered through a central line

1.The administration of intravenous (IV) push medications 2.Administer medications through a central line 3.The total management of administrating IV fluids 5.Monitor fluid administered through a central line

The LPN/LVN notices that insulin from animal sources is nearly replaced by insulin from human sources. Which reason(s) would the LPN/LVN recognize as the cause for the change in insulin sources? Select all that apply. 1.There is the possibility of transfer of diseases from animals to humans. 2.There are adverse reactions in patients with allergies to animal dander. 3.There is a risk of allergy reactions because of impurities found in animal products. 4.The cost of drugs obtained from animal sources is more expensive. 5.Synthetic drugs meet the parameters of dietary restrictions.

1.There is the possibility of transfer of diseases from animals to humans. 3.There is a risk of allergy reactions because of impurities found in animal products. 4.The cost of drugs obtained from animal sources is more expensive.

The LPN/LVN in a prenatal clinic has a patient who reports the use of cocaine and alcohol during the current pregnancy. The patient's rationale is that drugs cannot pass the blood-placental barrier. Which action would the LPN/LVN take? 1.Discuss the risk to the patient. 2.Inform the RN about the patient. 3.Report the patient for child abuse. 4.Call the patient's health-care provider.

2. Inform the RN about the patient.

The LPN/LVN is assigned to care for a patient being treated for a severe infection. The LPN/LVN notices that the patient is newly prescribed tetracycline in addition to a previous prescription for penicillin. Which intervention would the LPN/LVN initiate? 1.Give both drugs because they are agonistic. 2.Remind the RN that the two drugs are antagonistic. 3.Adjust the time of one drug to prevent ineffectiveness. 4.Ask the RN to request one drug instead of two drugs.

2. Remind the RN that the two drugs are antagonistic.

The LPN/LVN is assisting with the care of a patient with a life-threatening condition. The patient states, "I hear there is a new drug coming with great results for my condition, but it will never be approved in time for me." After informing the RN, which information would the LPN/LVN expect the RN to give the patient? 1.Inform the patient of the opportunity to be included in a clinical trial. 2.The patient's health-care provider (HCP) can make a special request to use the drug. 3.The patient is likely to qualify for the new drug at no cost. 4.Remind the patient that all medical treatments have been tried.

2. The patient's health-care provider (HCP) can make a special request to use the drug.

The LPN/LVN is administering a supplemental dose of antibiotic to a patient with an infection. The patient states, "I just got that medicine and now you are giving me more?" Which reply by the LPN/LVN would be correct? 1."The drug is expensive and the doctor orders more only when necessary." 2."Most people do not tolerate this drug well, so we give it in small amounts." 3."The drug level in your blood is not effectively treating the infection." 4."This is a different medication prescribed to cure your infection faster."

3. "The drug level in your blood is not effectively treating the infection."

The LPN/LVN works in a facility that uses the generic name of drugs with the trade name in parentheses. Which medication would the LPN/LVN correctly identify from this information? 1.Permethrin (Elimite) for treatment of chronic constipation 2.Triamcinolone (Azmacort) to control breathing during an anxiety attack 3.Naproxen sodium (Aleve) for pain from osteoarthritis 4.Glipizide (Glucotrol) to promote weight loss related to adrenal disease

3. Naproxen sodium (Aleve) for pain from osteoarthritis

The LPN/LVN is assisting in the care of a patient with a rare, terminal disease. The patient is discussing medication options with the RN. Which correct information would the LPN/LVN expect the RN to share with the patient? 1.Drugs approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have only acceptable side effects. 2.Orphan drugs are readily available for rare disease treatment. 3.The Center for Drug Evaluation and Research's (CDER's) goal is to determine whether drugs are safe, available, and labeled. 4.Drugs can be distributed without approval for severe life-threatening conditions.

3. The Center for Drug Evaluation and Research's (CDER's) goal is to determine whether drugs are safe, available, and labeled.

The LPN/LVN is assisting in the care of a patient with metastatic cancer. The patient expresses feelings of hopelessness and frustration over the unavailability of an effective medical therapy in the United States. Which information would the LPN/LVN provide to the patient? Select all that apply. 1.The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) assures that drugs do not cause harm. 2.Drugs are first available in foreign countries. 3.The benefit of drugs approved in the United States must outweigh the risk. 4.The FDA requires drugs to be scientifically researched. 5.The patient can receive the newest drug through a clinical trial.

3.The benefit of drugs approved in the United States must outweigh the risk. 4.The FDA requires drugs to be scientifically researched.

The LPN/LVN is working at a clinic distributing COVID-19 vaccines. Within 10 minutes of getting the vaccine, a patient becomes short of breath and exhibits swelling of the eyelids and lips. After the patient is stabilized, which follow-up action would the LPN/LVN anticipate? 1.The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is notified to immediately stop distribution of the vaccine. 2.Adverse vaccine reactions are discussed at the FDA annual meeting. 3.The adverse vaccine reaction is reported to MedWatch. 4.A Vaccine Adverse Event Form is completed and submitted.

4. A Vaccine Adverse Event Form is completed and submitted.

The LPN/LVN is preparing to administer an oral dose of gentamicin to a patient. The patient states, "I have this annoying ringing in my ears." Which action would the LPN/LVN take in response? 1.Give the medication and record the patient's comment. 2.Ask the patient questions to acquire additional information. 3.Inform the patient that the manifestation is expected and normal. 4.Hold the medication and report the comment to the RN.

4. Hold the medication and report the comment to the RN.

The LPN/LVN is reviewing the drug cycle. In which order would the LPN/LVN place the steps of the drug cycle? Drag and drop each option in the correct order; all options are to be used. Absorption Metabolism Excretion Distribution

Distribution Excretion Absorption Metabolism

The LPN/LVN is assisting in a community clinic screening. A patient states, "The only medicines I use are home remedies." For which reason would the LPN/LVN recognize a specific interest of the health-care provider (HCP) in the patient's statement? 1.The HCP maintains a record tracking the success of the patient's self-treatment. 2.The HCP can recommend an appropriate infomercial substitute for treatment. 3.The HCP can determine adverse effects on the prescribed pharmaceutical medications. 4.The HCP advises necessary alterations in the contents of alternative treatments.

The HCP can determine adverse effects on the prescribed pharmaceutical medications.