Intro to Psych - MTU - Spring 2015 - Exam 3

In times of stress, the outer part of the adrenal glands secretes glucocorticoid stress hormones, such as:

cortisol

John has just finished a brutal tour of combat in Afghanistan where he saw a lot of fighting. Several of his friends were killed, but he was able to fight despite the death around him. The two stress hormones at play are:

cortisol and epinephrine

People who are competitive, super-motivated, impatient, and verbally aggressive are likely to be classified as Type _____.

A

_____ increases the body's production of serotonin and increases its production of endorphins.

Aerobics

This neo-Freudian psychologist said, "The individual feels at home in life and feels his existence to be worthwhile just so far as he is useful to others..." Alfred Adler. Carl Jung. Karen Horney. Carl Rogers.

Alfred Adler

Our acceptance of stock, positive descriptions of ourselves from psychics and palm readers is known sometimes as the _____ effect.

Barnum

Dr. Smith is a modern-day researcher on personality who, like many in his field, believes that a shared evolutionary history has shaped some universal dispositions. The theorist most responsible for establishing this belief is _____.

Carl Jung

_____ emphasized the importance of unconditional positive regard in healthy personality development.

Carl Rogers

Cliff is homeless, hungry, and desperate for food and shelter. He will do almost anything to satisfy these needs. According to Abraham Maslow's hierarchy, Cliff will ignore his other needs, which include: his self-esteem needs. his need to be loved and to love himself. his self-actualization needs. Cliff will ignore all these needs.

Cliff will ignore all these needs

What is cortisol?

Cortisol (along with its partner epinephrine) is best known for its involvement in the "fight-or-flight" response and temporary increase in energy production, at the expense of processes that are not required for immediate survival.

_____ self-esteem correlates with aggressive and antisocial behavior, while secure self-esteem is a healthier self-image that allows us to focus beyond ourselves and enjoy a higher quality of life.

Defensive

The _____ includes a "lie scale" that tried to assess the extent to which a person is "faking" to make a good impression. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) Stanford-Binet. Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Rorschach inkblot test

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

The _____ Type Indicator test attempts to classify people according to Carl Jung's personality types.

Myers-Briggs

Lately, 5-year-old Liam has been acting strangely. He clings to his mother and expresses jealous feelings towards his father, almost as if his father is a rival for his mother's love. Sigmund Freud would suggest that Liam is experiencing the _____.

Oedipus complex

Which of the following present day medicines is made from natural substances found in botanical life?

Penicillin

_____ is to addressing work problems with a colleague as _____ is to talking to your hair stylist about all of the problems at work.

Problem-focused coping Emotion-focused coping

The Society for Personality Assessment commends its responsible use even though some critics doubt the validity of the projective test called the _____.

Rorschach inkblot

_____ is linked with a higher incidence of heart disease, whereas _____ is linked with a lower incidence of heart disease.

The Type A personality type; the Type B personality type

Donald takes 15-minute lunch breaks, goes to the bathroom only when he absolutely must, has to have his cell phone with him at all times, checks his Blackberry the moment he wakes up, and puts in 14-hour days at the office. Donald is a:

Type A personality.

Reluctantly, you decide to take a long-awaited trip to New Zealand. The thing that is most disturbing to you is that you must leave your pet monkey behind. There is a "pet hotel" in the city that has agreed to take him. Should you worry about him?

Yes. Monkeys under stress because of social disruptions have weakened immune systems.

Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory focuses on:

an unconscious region of the mind, psychosexual stages, and defense mechanisms

Frieda is organized, careful, and disciplined. She would likely score very highly on a personality test that measures: extraversion. agreeableness. openness. conscientiousness.

conscientiousness

The Big Five personality factors include:

conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness, and extraversion

A sedentary life style, work-related stress, and pessimistic explanatory styles contribute to today's high rate of _____.

depression

Critics believe that the humanistic perspective fails to appreciate the human capacity for _____.

evil

In text messaging, _____ tends to predict the use of personal pronouns, while _____ tends to predict positive emotion words.

extraversion; agreeableness

Kanesha meets with a therapist because she wants to do something about the path her life is taking. The doctor tells her to lie down on the couch, relax, and say whatever comes to mind. This psychoanalytic method is known as:

free association

When people openly express their own feelings, drop their facades, and practice self-disclosure, they are displaying _____.

genuineness

Derek's psychologist has asked him to write about a personal trauma he experienced as a child. As a result,:

he may have fewer health problems in the coming months

Dr. Harper is studying the effects of HIV awareness campaigns and the reduction of new HIV cases within the Latino population of a major city. He is examining what is effective to stem the tide in this high-risk area of the city. He is also looking at medication compliance and wellness examinations. He is a:

health psychologist

Jerome has a Type B personality and Francis has a Type A personality. Francis is more likely to experience _____ than is Jerome.

heart disease

Chiropractic medicine is categorized into which of the following alternative medicine categories? energy therapies manipulative and body based methods biologically based therapies mind-body intervention

manipulative and body based methods

Yolanda has been having bouts of migraine headaches. Her physician has not found any medicine that prevents future attacks. She decides to visit a person who practices alternative medicine. The treatment centers on meditation and prayer. This person is practicing _____ interventions.

mind-body

Seth is young man who considers himself to very successful, and who enjoys the finer things in life. He makes a lot of money, and spends it on clothes, cars, gambling, and women. Most psychologists would agree that Seth seems to display a high level of:

narcissism

Personality inventories are to _____ scoring as projective tests are to subjective scoring.

objective

Jean has always had trouble with her weight. She was not breast-fed when she was an infant and seems to overcompensate now. Which psychosexual stage would psychoanalysts say Jean is fixated on?

oral

The director of an assisted-living housing complex was puzzled by the following situation. When she let the residents choose their own dinner-time, as well as what they wanted to eat, she realized there were far fewer health problems and deaths. To what might she attribute this?

perceived control

Roger works full-time, has a part-time job, and has a new consulting company in response to his son's special needs. He seems to be coping with everything quite well for the moment. According to Hans Selye, he is in which stage of the general adaptation syndrome?

phase 2 of GAS, in a state of resistance

Although Greg has accumulated many tickets for a wide range of traffic infractions, he complains all the time to family and friends about other peoples' driving. Sigmund Freud would describe this as _____, while today researchers would describe this as _____.

projection; false consensus effect

Recent research suggest that the unconscious involves the _____ that automatically control(s) people's perception and interpretations.

schemas

All of the following make complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) seem effective EXCEPT:

scientifically verifiable evidence of changes in the energy field that surrounds the body

Defensive self-esteem is to fragility as _____ self-esteem is to sturdiness.

secure

Abraham Maslow suggested that individuals who are open, spontaneous, and not paralyzed by the opinions of others display: extraversion. reaction formation. self-actualization. an external locus of control.

self-actualization

All of Ernest's basic physiological and safety needs have been met, and he feels a solid sense of belonging and of being loved. According to Abraham Maslow, this suggests that he will next seek to satisfy his need for: self-esteem. self-actualization. unconditional positive regard. free association.

self-esteem

If the _____ bias is evident in the way an athlete explains her success or failure, she might blame her failure on bad officiating.

self-serving

You are preparing a lecture on the benefits of exercise and will highlight that exercise orders up mood-boosting chemicals such as _____.

serotonin

Janis has a pulled hamstring that has prevented her from exercising. Her doctor has told her to rest the leg and let it heal. Janis is very impatient and visits a massage therapist. After one treatment her pain is gone. An alternative explanation for her pain relief is _____.

spontaneous remission

A woman, alone in a house, ignores the creaking sounds she hears and experiences no stress. Another woman might hear the same sounds, suspect an intruder, and thus become alarmed. These different reactions illustrate the importance of:

stress appraisal

Psychologists would most likely use biofeedback to help clients reduce:

tension headaches

Once people have agreed to a small request, they have a tendency to comply with a larger request. This is known as:

the foot-in-the-door phenomenon

According to Abraham Maslow, self-actualization is the ultimate psychological need. It only arises after basic psychological and physiological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved. Self-actualization refers to:

the motivation to fulfill one's potential

T lymphocytes are to the _____ as B lymphocytes are to the bone marrow.

thymus

According to Gordon Allport, personality should be described in terms of _____.

traits

An attitude of total acceptance toward another person is known as: external locus of control. empathy. unconditional positive regard. genuineness.

unconditional positive regard

Some psychologists believe that Sigmund Freud overestimated parental influence and _____ peer influence.

underestimated

Research seems to indicate that people who are recently _____ are more vulnerable to disease.

widowed

Mandisa is under an extreme amount of stress. She is battling with her ex-husband about money and their children. In this time of stress, Mandisa turns to her friends for support and spends as much time with her children as possible. Shelley Taylor and would say that she is responding to stress according to which of the following models?

"tend or befriend"

Moderate exercise has been found to increase the average life expectancy by an average of:

2 years

Why would Shane's doctor suggest that he begin an aerobic exercise program in addition to the psychotherapy for his depression?

It will produce more neurons in his brain

Card players who attribute their wins to their own skill and their losses to bad luck best illustrate: unconditional positive regard. reciprocal determinism. the spotlight effect. a self-serving bias.

a self-serving bias

One of the Big Five personality factors is: self-actualization. agreeableness. psychoanalysis. reciprocal determinism.

agreeableness

Marcus is going through a particularly difficult time because of work related stress, his parents' health problems, impending final exams, and term paper deadlines. Marcus has a history of not dealing well with stress. The continuous stress is likely to cause all of the following, it would:

alter his immune system so he does not fight off disease as well. make him catch a bad cold. cause the cut on his foot to heal slower.

B lymphocytes release _____ that fight bacterial infections.

antibodies

Researchers attempt to understand personality using biological, psychological, and social-cultural factors. Analysis at the psychological level is especially likely to emphasize the importance of _____ style.

attributational

There is evidence that behavior is the result of the interplay between external and internal influences, and that behavior is the product of biology, social experience, and unconscious thought processes. This evidence suggests that personality should be studied from a _____ approach. deterministic developmental biopsychosocial psychoanalytic

biopsychosocial

T lymphocytes are to the thymus as B lymphocytes are to the _____.

bone marrow

Type A personality is irritable while Type B personality is ______.

calm

Support groups, _____ therapy, and relaxation therapy can all help slow down the progression of AIDS in an HIV-positive person.

cognitive

All of these can help slow down the progression of AIDS in an HIV-positive person:

cognitive therapy relaxation training support groups

While campaigning for re-election, a congressman makes headlines when he slips and says "I do not want to do that; it is a lot of brothel." Many news pundits speculate that it might be a Freudian slip; many psychological researchers today would argue that slips of the tongue are:

competition between similar words

Jorge was reprimanded for an accounting error by his boss in front of his co-workers. Jorge gets home from his job and yells at his wife for not having dinner ready. His wife then yells at the children for leaving their toys all over the house. This best illustrates the use of a defense mechanism known as: reaction formation. projection. rationalization. displacement.

displacement

Juan was shopping for a new watch and the salesperson was pressuring him to spend money way above his financial limit. Juan attributed the behavior to the salesperson's pushy personality. Juan was attributing her behavior to _____ factors.

dispositional

After breaking up with her boyfriend, Kathy alleviated her stress by avoiding contact with her ex-boyfriend and by planning recreational activities with her best girlfriend. Kathy's behavior best illustrates:

emotion-focused coping.

Alice works as a school counselor for an inner-city school. She is very popular with the kids. They believe that they can share anything with her and that she will listen and take the time to understand what is going on with them. Carl Rogers would argue that Alice would score highly on a scale of:

empathy

Aerobic exercise increases the body's production of serotonin and also increases its production of _____.

endorphins

Bioelectromagnetic-based therapies involve the unconventional use of electromagnetic fields, such as pulsed or magnetic fields. This type of alternative medicine is in the _____ domain.

energy therapies

Carl Rogers said, "The only question which matters is, 'Am I living in a way that is deeply satisfying to me?'" Critics of Carl Rogers are likely to object to this statement because it encourages too much _____, which can lead to self-indulgence, selfishness, and the erosion of moral restraints.

individualism

Julie knows that only she can turn her life around and be responsible for those choices. Julie has a(n) _____ locus of control.

internal

The proper order of Sigmund Freud's psychosexual stages is oral, anal, phallic, _____, and genital.

latency

After experiencing prolonged and seemingly inescapable physical abuse from her husband, Kayla became increasingly depressed and hopelessly resigned to her situation. Her reaction best illustrates _____.

learned helplessness

Studies of Tibetan Buddhists deep in meditation and Franciscan nuns deep in centering prayer report that the subjects experience a diminished sense of self, space, and time, and an intense state of relaxation. Brain scans reveal that the parietal lobe is less active and the _____ frontal lobe is more active.

left

According to Carl Rogers, genuineness, acceptance, and empathy are to _____ as water, sun, and nutrients are to _____. self-concept; unconditional positive regard self-love; self-esteem therapy; therapist positive growth in humans; the growth of healthy trees

positive growth in humans; the growth of healthy trees

Modern psychological researchers criticize Sigmund Freud's ideas because they claim they offer after-the-fact explanations, but fail to _____ behavior and traits. evaluate predict observe describe

predict

Attempting to alleviate stress directly by changing the stressor, or the way we interact with that stressor, is known as _____ -focused coping.

problem

People tend to use emotion-focused, rather than _____-focused, coping strategies when they believe they cannot change a stressful situation.

problem

Many of today's researchers refer to _____ as the false consensus effect.

projection

Roy Baumeister found that people tend to see their foibles and attitudes in others, a phenomenon that Sigmund Freud called:

projection

The _____ perspective emphasizes the role of repressed childhood conflicts in personality disorders.

psychoanalytic

Bryce often acts overly confident and daring. Few people realize he is actually riddled with unconscious insecurity and self-doubt. Bryce best illustrates the use of a defense mechanism known as _____ formation.

reaction

Anxious people tend to be on the lookout for potentially threatening events; that is, they perceive the world as threatening. Their personalities shape how they interpret and react to events. This is known as: unconditional positive regard. reciprocal determinism. self-actualization. social facilitation.

reciprocal determinism

Lately, Harold and Grant cannot get along. Harold often expects the worst of people, and yesterday he thought Grant was mad at him. As a result, Harold ignored Grant's phone calls and other attempts at conversation, angering Grant. However, in truth, Harold created the situation to which he was reacting. This is an example of _____.

reciprocal determinism

As a child soldier in Uganda, Mukasa witnessed rape, torture, and other traumatic events before escaping several months ago to a refugee camp. As Mukasa grows up, followers of the psychoanalytic perspective would suggest that he will probably _____ these painful experiences. Psychological researchers today claim that high stress and associated stress hormones tend to _____ memory. repress; enhance relive; block repress; block relive; enhance

repress, enhance

You imagine the self you want to be: a great athlete, well loved, and well educated. You also imagine the self you fear becoming: a homeless person, lonely, and unemployed. These visions reflect the concept of possible _____.

roles