intro to psych test 3 pt 1

In Pavlov's experiment, the sound was the: 1.US 2.CS 3.UR 4.CR

Conditioned Stimulus

True or False: In classical conditioning, reinforcement is used to strengthen the probability of a behavior occurring again

False

In reinforcement, the likelihood that a behavior will occur again is always: 1.Decreased 2.Increased 3.It depends on whether negative or positive reinforcement is used 4.All of the above

Increased

When you brush your teeth because you like the way it feels and the taste of the toothpaste, you are doing so because of: 1.Negative Reinforcement 2.Positive Reinforcement 3.Positive Punishment 4.Negative Punishment

Positive Reinforcement

True or False: Learning can occur without behavior change

True

True or False: Learning is the result of experience

True

In Pavlov's experiment, salivation was the: 1. US 2. CS 3. UR 4. CR 5. both the UR and the CR 6. both the US and the CS

both the unconditioned response and the conditioned response

If you open a can of cat food every day when you come home from school for your cat using an electric can-opener, which of the following could be the CS? 1.The sound of the door opening when you come in 2.The sound of the can-opener 3.The sight of you taking off your coat and/or shoes when you get home 4.The sound of you saying "I'm home", when you get home. 5.All of the above

All of the above

Which of the following defines negative punishment? 1.Behavior is followed by a consequence that the individual wants more of or wants repeated (usually a rewarding or pleasurable stimulus). 2.Behavior is followed by a consequence that allows the individual to avoid or escape an aversive stimulus (the avoidance or escape is reinforcing). 3.Behavior is followed by an aversive consequence. This consequence is something the individual does not want repeated. 4.Behavior is followed by the removal of something that is considered pleasurable.

Behavior is followed by the removal of something that is considered pleasurable

Why did learning evolve?

For organisms that live in complex, ever-changing environments, learning resulting from past experience (their own or others) is necessary to determine future decisions/choices about behavior in order to maximize survival.

Learning can best be defined as: 1.Gaining knowledge, comprehension or mastery through experience or study. 2.A relatively permanent change in behavioral potentiality that occurs as a result of reinforced practice. 3.Learning is a relatively permanent change in behavior or in behavioral potentiality that results from experience and cannot be attributed to temporary body states such as fatigue, illness or drugs.

Learning is a relatively permanent change in behavior or in behavioral potentiality that results from experience and cannot be attributed to temporary body states such as fatigue, illness or drugs

When you brush your teeth to avoid cavities you are doing so because of: 1.Negative Reinforcement 2.Positive Reinforcement 3.Positive Punishment 4.Negative Punishment

Negative Reinforcement

When you study for a test to avoid a bad grade, you are doing so because of: 1.Positive Reinforcement 2.Negative Reinforcement 3.Positive Punishment 4.Negative Punishment

Negative reinforcement

In Pavlov's experiment, the food was the: 1. US 2. CS 3. UR 4. CR

Unconditioned Stimulus

Behavior can occur because of: 1. a reflex 2. a species-specific behavior 3. learning 4. c only 5. a, b, and c

a, b, and c

In operant conditioning, behavior is followed by: 1.A CS 2.A CR 3.A consequence 4.Reinforcement 5.Punishment 6.c, d and e 7.a & b

c, d and e (a consequence, reinforcement, and punishment)

Behavior is (more or less)___ likely to occur if it is followed by punishment

less

Behavior is (more or less) ___ likely to occur if it is followed by reinforcement.

more

In operant conditioning, which occurs first, the behavior or the consequence?

the behavior

In classical conditioning which occurs first, the stimulus or the behavior?

the stimulus